CN109616799B - 带有容差模块的连接器 - Google Patents

带有容差模块的连接器 Download PDF

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CN109616799B
CN109616799B CN201810847131.1A CN201810847131A CN109616799B CN 109616799 B CN109616799 B CN 109616799B CN 201810847131 A CN201810847131 A CN 201810847131A CN 109616799 B CN109616799 B CN 109616799B
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shell
connector
tolerance module
supporting seat
contact
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CN109616799A (zh
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袁俊峰
马陆飞
屈峰成
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China Aviation Optical Electrical Technology Co Ltd
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China Aviation Optical Electrical Technology Co Ltd
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Publication of CN109616799A publication Critical patent/CN109616799A/zh
Priority to US17/044,618 priority Critical patent/US11695227B2/en
Priority to EP19841120.9A priority patent/EP3793035B1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2019/097417 priority patent/WO2020020201A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
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    • H01R12/91—Coupling devices allowing relative movement between coupling parts, e.g. floating or self aligning
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    • H01R31/06—Intermediate parts for linking two coupling parts, e.g. adapter
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    • H01R12/7082—Coupling device supported only by cooperation with PCB
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    • H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
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Abstract

本发明涉及带有容差模块的连接器。带有容差模块的连接器，包括插座和与插座适配的插头，所述插座包括第一外壳，所述插头包括容差模块和第三外壳，所述容差模块包括第二外壳，第二外壳内设有第二接触件，所述第二外壳沿垂直于连接器轴向的方向活动设置在第三外壳上，第二接触件浮动装配在第二外壳内以实现沿垂直于连接器轴向的方向偏移。采用上述方案，第二外壳沿垂直于连接器轴向的方向活动设置在第三外壳上，在连接器插合时第二外壳仅产生平动，不会出现偏移，而插头与插座的容差由第二接触件浮动装配在第二外壳内实现，能够改善不同第二接触件的偏移程度差异，有利于提高连接器传输性能。

Description

带有容差模块的连接器
技术领域
本发明涉及带有容差模块的连接器。
背景技术
连接器的应用十分普遍，在一些特殊场合发挥着重要作用，例如目前在民品和军品领域都大量应用的CPCI总线、新的PCIE总线以及ATCA通讯计算系统中采用的连接器。基于PCI总线的高速背板连接器主要应用于两大领域：1、数据网络领域，包括企业路由器、转换器、存储器、服务器、超级计算机等；2、无线通讯领域，包括通讯基站、核心路由器、转换器等。其中，板对板连接器是上述领域中的重要连接器，其结构较小，能够适用于密集装配环境。然而，由于装配误差、产品误差等因素的影响，连接器组件的两个相互适配的模块使用时往往会相对于设计位置产生偏移，这些偏移不但包括沿插拔方向的偏移，还包括垂直于插拔方向的偏移，这就要求连接器具有较强的容差功能。以常用的高速连接器为例，该类型连接器一般为差分连接器，对信号的传输速度以及传输质量、密度等均有着十分严格的要求，目前较大的插拔方向的偏差可达到1.0mm，垂直于插拔方向的偏差可达到0.6mm，如何在上述偏差程度下保证连接器的稳定传输成为影响连接器性能的关键因素。
现有的连接器组件多为三件式，包括插头、插座和连接在插头与插座之间的容差模块，容差模块形成转接器，插头、插座与容差模块分体布置，连接时需要用户将容差模块连接到插头和插座之间，并且需要设计合适的分离力，以避免分离时容差模块掉落或未能按照预期预留在设定的插头或插座上。现有技术中也存在带有容差模块的两件式连接器，例如申请公布号为CN 103337733A的中国专利申请中公开的一种射频同轴连接器，包括插座和与插座插合连接的插头，所述插座包括第一外壳、第一内导体和第一绝缘体，所述插头包括第二外壳和第三外壳，第二外壳和第三外壳上分别设有第二接触件和第三接触件，第二外壳和第二接触件形成容差模块，第二外壳和第三外壳之间设置有用于实现在径向和轴向方向上进行浮动的弹簧和间隙。但是，该射频同轴连接器如果用于差分连接器，由于接触件数量较多，第二外壳偏移会带动所有第二接触件同时偏移，并且不同第二接触件的偏移程度会因偏移轴线的位置不同而产生不同，这将会对差分连接器等高密度连接器的传输性能造成较大影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种带有容差模块的连接器，以解决现有的连接器在偏移插接时不同接触件的偏移程度差异较大而影响传输性能的问题。
本发明中带有容差模块的连接器采用的技术方案如下。
带有容差模块的连接器，包括插座和与插座适配的插头，所述插座包括第一外壳，所述插头包括容差模块和第三外壳，所述容差模块包括第二外壳，第二外壳内设有第二接触件，所述第二外壳沿垂直于连接器轴向的方向活动设置在第三外壳上，第二接触件浮动装配在第二外壳内以实现沿垂直于连接器轴向的方向偏移。
有益效果：本发明采用上述技术方案，第二外壳沿垂直于连接器轴向的方向活动设置在第三外壳上，在连接器插合时第二外壳仅产生沿垂直于连接器轴向的方向的平动，不会出现偏移，而插头与插座的容差能够由第二接触件浮动装配在第二外壳内实现，与现有技术中第二壳体带动所有第二接触件偏移相比，能够改善不同第二接触件的偏移程度差异，有利于提高连接器传输性能。
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述第二接触件上设有挡止凸台，所述第二外壳包括设置在挡止凸台远离第三外壳的一侧的限位座，挡止凸台远离所述限位座的一侧设有支撑座，所述限位座和支撑座上设有供第二接触件以浮动形式穿过的穿孔，所述挡止凸台限位在所述限位座和支撑座之间。
采用限位座和支撑座结构简单，便于对第二接触件的浮动进行控制。
作为一种优选的技术方案，在设置限位座和支撑座的基础上，所述挡止凸台夹设在所述限位座和支撑座之间，所述支撑座弹性支撑在第二接触件的挡止凸台上。
采用弹性支撑设置的支撑座能够进一步提高第二接触件偏移程度的一致性，并且能够适应一定的轴向浮动，提高轴向容差能力。
作为一种优选的技术方案，在挡止凸台夹设在所述限位座和支撑座之间的基础上，所述支撑座与限位座分体设置，支撑座与第三外壳之间具有轴向浮动间隔且两者之间设有弹性支撑件，支撑座通过弹性支撑件弹性支撑在第二接触件的挡止凸台上。
采用弹性支撑件的方式便于装配，结构简单。
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述弹性支撑件为均匀固定在所述支撑座上的弹性片。
弹性片固定在支撑座上能够减少零部件数量，有利于提高装配效率。
作为一种优选的技术方案，在设置限位座和支撑座的基础上，所述支撑座靠近第三外壳的一侧设有供所述弹性支撑件部分嵌入的弹性件容纳槽。
设置弹性件容纳槽能够在保证支撑座强度的基础上减小厚度，避免第二外壳轴向尺寸过大而影响第二外壳的平动。
作为一种优选的技术方案，在设置限位座和支撑座的基础上，所述限位座包括板主体和设置在板主体的相对两侧的连接块，两连接块在连接器轴向上的中部与板主体连接，所述第二接触件穿过板主体设置。
第二接触件与限位座的板主体配合便于实现第二接触件的浮动。
作为一种优选的技术方案，在设置限位座和支撑座的基础上，所述挡止凸台设置在第二接触件的长度方向中部。
挡止凸台设置在第二接触件的长度方向中部有利于保证第二接触件两端的浮动量，并且能够使各处于自由状态的第二接触件在第二外壳内更加稳定，进一步保证接触件的一致性。
作为一种优选的技术方案，在挡止凸台设置在第二接触件的长度方向中部的基础上，所述支撑座为支撑板，所述第二接触件上与板主体和支撑板上的穿孔适配的部位为变径段，所述变径段靠近挡止凸台的一侧的径向尺寸小于远离挡止凸台的一侧的径向尺寸。
采用该结构能够进一步提高第二接触件的浮动性能。
作为一种优选的技术方案，在设置限位座和支撑座的基础上，所述支撑座远离第三外壳的一侧设有供所述挡止凸台部分嵌入的开槽，并且支撑座远离第三外壳的一侧与所述限位座之间具有间隔。
支撑座远离第三外壳的一侧与所述限位座之间设置开槽同样有利于减小第二外壳的轴线尺寸，而支撑座远离第三外壳的一侧与所述限位座之间的间隔能够保证对挡止凸台的弹性支撑。
作为一种优选的技术方案，在设置限位座和支撑座的基础上，所述第二接触件为PCB板接触件，所述挡止凸台由PCB板接触件的宽度方向两侧设置的耳板形成。
采用PCB接触件结构简单，便于挡止凸台的设置。
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述第三外壳上固定有导柱，所述导柱靠近第二外壳的一端设有挡止凸缘，所述第二外壳上设有沉孔，所述导柱穿过沉孔布置，沉孔的环形台阶与所述挡止凸缘挡止配合，沉孔的孔壁与所述挡止凸缘的外周面之间设有径向浮动间隔。
采用导柱与沉孔配合的方式，结构简单，便于实现。
作为一种优选的技术方案，在设置导柱的基础上，所述第一外壳上设有用于插入所述沉孔内的导向柱，所述导向柱的直径小于沉孔的直径。
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述第二外壳的轴向长度小于110mm。
本发明中的技术方案更适用于轴向长度较小的连接器，优选地第二外壳的轴向长度小于110mm，第二外壳的轴向长度越大，插合时第二外壳越容易出现歪斜趋势，从而可能影响第二外壳相对于第三外壳的平动。
上述各优选的技术方案可以单独采用，在能够组合的情况下也可以两种以上任意组合采用，组合形成的技术方案此处不再具体描述，以此形式包含在本专利的记载中。
附图说明
图1是本发明中带有容差模块的连接器的一个实施例的立体爆炸图；
图2是图1中插头和插座对插状态的立体图；
图3是图2的剖视图（第二接触件仅部分示出）；
图4是图3中第三外壳所对应的连接模块的结构示意图；
图5是图3中第一外壳所对应的插头的结构示意图；
图6是图2中支撑板的立体图；
图7是PCB板接触件的立体图；
图8是大偏移插合的原理图；
图9是带有容差模块的连接器零偏移对插的结构示意图；
图10是带有容差模块的连接器在PCB板接触件板面间隔方向上的偏移示意图；
图11是带有容差模块的连接器在PCB板接触件板面延伸方向上的偏移示意图；
图12是第一接触件和第三接触件的结构示意图；
图13至图15是本发明中带有容差模块的连接器的其他三个实施例的使用状态示意图。
图9和图10中第一接触件3和第三接触件13用于与第二接触件8插接配合的部分均以未插接时的状态表示，本领域技术人员应当理解，插头与插座处于插合状态时，实际上第二接触件8的两端分别夹设在第一接触件3的两侧触片之间和第三接触件13的两侧触片之间，并且在第二接触件8发生如图10所示的偏移时，第一接触件3和第三接触件13会在第二接触件8的作用下发生弹性变形。
图中相应的附图标记所对应的组成部分的名称为：1-插座，2-第一外壳，3-第一接触件，4-接地插针，5-信号插针，6-插头，7-第二外壳，8-第二接触件，9-板体，10-接地接触片，11-信号接触片，12-第三外壳，13-第三接触件，17-耳板，18-压板，19-支撑板，20-穿孔，21-弹性片，22-导柱，23-挡止凸缘，24-沉孔，25-径向浮动间隔，26-开槽，27-弹性件容纳槽，28-变径段。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
本发明中带有容差模块的连接器的一个实施例如图1至图12所示，是一种差分连接器，属于高密度连接器，该连接器采用两件式结构，包括插座1和与插座1适配的插头6，所述插座1包括第一外壳2、第一接触件3，所述插头6包括第二外壳7和第三外壳12，第二外壳7内设有第二接触件8，第三外壳12内设有第三接触件13，第二外壳7与第二接触件8用于构成容差模块。设置容差模块能够发挥杠杆作用，减小插合部位的偏移量，其原理为现有技术，如图8所示，以平行板连接方式（即与插头6连接的电路板平行于与插座1连接的电路板）为例，两个平行板连接器A的水平方向偏移量为△2，在连接器插合处偏移量为△1，容差模块的接触件B的长度为H，在标称堆叠高度情况下金手指端部至连接器孔口距离为h，根据相似三角形原理，则：△1/△2=h/H，从而能够减小了产品对插时的实际偏移量。本实施例中，第二外壳的轴向长度小于110mm。
所述第二外壳7沿垂直于连接器轴向的方向活动设置在第三外壳12上，第二接触件8浮动装配在第二外壳7内。具体地，所述第二接触件8为PCB板接触件，其结构如图7所示，整体为条形结构，包括板体9，板体9的两侧面的宽度方向两侧分别设有接地接触片10，两接地接触片10中间设有信号接触片11；对应地，第一接触件3和第三接触件13均包括接地插针4和位于接地插针4中间的信号插针5。PCB板接触件长度方向中部的宽度方向两侧设有耳板17，耳板17形成挡止凸台；所述第二外壳7包括设置在挡止凸台远离第三外壳12的一侧的压板18，还包括设置在挡止凸台靠近第三外壳12的一侧的支撑板19，压板18形成限位座，支撑板19形成支撑座。所述压板18包括板主体和设置在板主体的相对两侧的连接块，两连接块在连接器轴向上的中部与板主体连接。
所述板主体上和支撑板19上设有供第二接触件8以浮动形式穿过的穿孔20，所述挡止凸台夹设在所述压板18和支撑板19之间，所述支撑板19与第三外壳12之间具有轴向浮动间隔且两者之间设有弹性支撑件，该弹性支撑件为均匀固定在所述支撑板19上的弹性片21。所述第三外壳12上固定有导柱22，所述导柱22靠近第二外壳7的一端设有挡止凸缘23，所述第二外壳7上设有沉孔24，所述导柱22穿过沉孔24布置，沉孔24的环形台阶与所述挡止凸缘23挡止配合，沉孔24的孔壁与所述挡止凸缘23的外周面之间设有径向浮动间隔25。与沉孔24对应，第一外壳2上设有用于插入所述沉孔24内的导向柱，导向柱的直径小于沉孔24的直径，其端部设有引导锥面，能够在插合时起到引导作用。
所述支撑板19远离第三外壳12的一侧设有供所述挡止凸台部分嵌入的开槽26，并且支撑板19远离第三外壳12的一侧与所述压板18之间具有间隔。所述支撑板19靠近第三外壳12的一侧设有供所述弹性支撑件部分嵌入的弹性件容纳槽27。
为了保证第二接触件8的顺利浮动，所述第二接触件8上与压板18和支撑板19上的穿孔20适配的部位为变径段28，所述变径段28靠近挡止凸台的一侧的径向尺寸小于远离挡止凸台的一侧的径向尺寸。
上述连接器的插头6与插座1对插时，第二外壳7与第三外壳12能够沿垂直于连接器轴向的方向活动，即第二外壳7仅能够在垂直于连接器轴向的方向上相对于第三外壳12平动。同时，由于第二接触件8浮动装配在第二外壳7内，对插时各第二接触件8能够以相同的方式发生偏移，从而实现容差。当然，为了保证第二外壳7与第三外壳12能够顺利地相对运动，上述“沿垂直于连接器轴向的方向活动”并非表示第二外壳7与第三外壳12在连接器轴向上完全贴紧，两者之间可以具有较小的轴向间隙，该轴向间隙仅用来保证第二外壳7与第三外壳12能够相对平动，并非用来提供浮动空间。
在上述实施例中，第二接触件8通过弹性支撑件弹性支撑在第二外壳7上，在本发明的其他实施例中，第二接触件8也可以以自由状态浮动设置在第二外壳7上。例如，将上述实施例中的支撑板19固定到压板18上，并使第二接触件8在挡止凸台与压板18和支撑板19的配合下能够浮动装配在第二外壳7内以实现沿垂直于连接器轴向的方向偏移。另外，在其他实施例中，也可以将第二接触件8朝向第三外壳12弹性压紧，或者在第二接触件8的挡止凸台的轴向两侧均设置弹性结构，实现相向顶压。再者，在其他实施例中，弹性支撑件也可以替换为其他形式，例如螺旋弹簧，并且弹性支撑件也可以设置在支撑座的四角。
在上述实施例中，第二接触件8的长度方向中部设有挡止凸台，在其他实施例中，挡止凸台也可以设置在第二接触件8靠近端部的位置。另外，上述实施例中限位座为压板18，支撑座为支撑板19，并且压板18的板主体设置限位座的中部。在其他实施例中，限位座和支撑座也可以替换为其他形式，例如块状结构，并且，压板18与第二接触件8的适配位置也可以位于第二外壳7靠近或远离第三外壳12的一侧。
在上述实施例中，第二外壳7与第三外壳12是通过固定在第三外壳12上的导柱22在垂直于连接器轴向的方向上活动设置，在其他实施例中，导柱22也可以设置在第二外壳7上。另外，在其他实施例中，导柱22也可以替换为其他形式，例如采用螺钉，依靠螺钉的头部实现轴向限位。
在上述实施例中，第二接触件8采用的是PCB板接触件，在其他实施例中，第二接触件8也可以替换为其他形式，例如柱状接触件。
在上述实施例中，连接器用于平行板连接器，在其他实施例中，上述连接器也可以用于其他场合，例如用于现有技术中的背板连接器（如图13所示，两个相互垂直的印制板200上分别设置L形板端连接器201和直式板端连接器202，两个印制板200中的一个平行于连接器的插拔方向、另一个垂直于连接器的插拔方向，L形板端连接器201和直式板端连接器202的插接部相向布置，两者之间设有容差模块203，L形板端连接器201的插接部、直式板端连接器202的插接部和容差模块203的结构与实施例一相同）、用于现有技术中的共面板连接器（如图14所示，两个共面的印制板300上分别设置L形板端连接器301，两个印制板300均平行于连接器的插拔方向，两个L形板端连接器301的插接部相向布置，两者之间设有容差模块302，两个L形板端连接器301的插接部和容差模块302的结构与实施例一相同）和用于现有技术中的正交板连接器（如图15所示，两个相互垂直的印制板400上分别设置L形板端连接器401，两个印制板400均平行于连接器的插拔方向，两个L形板端连接器401的插接部相向布置，两者之间设有容差模块402，两个L形板端连接器401的插接部和容差模块402的结构与实施例一相同）等。
最后需要说明的是，以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行不需付出创造性劳动的修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.带有容差模块的连接器，包括插座和与插座适配的插头，所述插座包括第一外壳，所述插头包括容差模块和第三外壳，所述容差模块包括第二外壳，第二外壳内设有第二接触件，其特征在于：所述第二外壳沿垂直于连接器轴向的方向活动设置在第三外壳上，第二接触件浮动装配在第二外壳内以实现沿垂直于连接器轴向的方向偏移，所述第二接触件上设有挡止凸台，所述第二外壳包括设置在挡止凸台远离第三外壳的一侧的限位座，挡止凸台远离所述限位座的一侧设有支撑座，所述限位座和支撑座上设有供第二接触件以浮动形式穿过的穿孔，所述挡止凸台限位在所述限位座和支撑座之间，所述挡止凸台夹设在所述限位座和支撑座之间，所述支撑座弹性支撑在第二接触件的挡止凸台上，所述支撑座与限位座分体设置，支撑座与第三外壳之间具有轴向浮动间隔且两者之间设有弹性支撑件，支撑座通过弹性支撑件弹性支撑在第二接触件的挡止凸台上，所述第三外壳上固定有导柱，所述导柱靠近第二外壳的一端设有挡止凸缘，所述第二外壳上设有沉孔，所述导柱穿过沉孔布置，沉孔的环形台阶与所述挡止凸缘挡止配合，沉孔的孔壁与所述挡止凸缘的外周面之间设有径向浮动间隔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的带有容差模块的连接器，其特征在于：所述弹性支撑件为均匀固定在所述支撑座上的弹性片。
3.根据权利要求1所述的带有容差模块的连接器，其特征在于：所述支撑座靠近第三外壳的一侧设有供所述弹性支撑件部分嵌入的弹性件容纳槽。
4.根据权利要求 1-3中任一权利要求所述的带有容差模块的连接器，其特征在于：所述限位座包括板主体和设置在板主体的相对两侧的连接块，两连接块在连接器轴向上的中部与板主体连接，所述第二接触件穿过板主体设置。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一权利要求所述的带有容差模块的连接器，其特征在于：所述挡止凸台设置在第二接触件的长度方向中部。
6.根据权利要求5所述的带有容差模块的连接器，其特征在于：所述支撑座为支撑板，所述第二接触件上与板主体和支撑板上的穿孔适配的部位为变径段，所述变径段靠近挡止凸台的一侧的径向尺寸小于远离挡止凸台的一侧的径向尺寸。
7.根据权利要求1-3中任一权利要求所述的带有容差模块的连接器，其特征在于：所述支撑座远离第三外壳的一侧设有供所述挡止凸台部分嵌入的开槽，并且支撑座远离第三外壳的一侧与所述限位座之间具有间隔。
8.根据权利要求1-3中任一权利要求所述的带有容差模块的连接器，其特征在于：所述第二接触件为PCB板接触件，所述挡止凸台由PCB板接触件的宽度方向两侧设置的耳板形成。
9.根据权利要求1-3中任一权利要求所述的带有容差模块的连接器，其特征在于：所述第一外壳上设有用于插入所述沉孔内的导向柱，所述导向柱的直径小于沉孔的直径。
10.根据权利要求1-3中任一权利要求所述的带有容差模块的连接器，其特征在于：所述第二外壳的轴向长度小于110mm。
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