CN1096154A - The construction method of laccolite (it is domatic to contain cement) slope protection greening - Google Patents

Abstract

The construction method of a kind of laccolite (it is domatic to contain cement) slope protection greening.This method is with after the slope leveling, setting-out thereon marks type frame position, squeezes into holdfast, be provided with in length and breadth to reinforcing bar and be fixed on the holdfast, then hang the numerous shape type frame netting gear of thorn on the reinforcing bar upper berth, establish fertile bundle bar in the netting gear, through establishing the type frame template, after the shop intercepts cloth between netting gear, spray water mud last domaticly neatly is separated into the individual cell piece by cellular type frame, in the hole on adjustable net grid and the erosion control airflow fence insert type frame.Can carry out on domatic multiplely planting living worker's method, and plant is grown vigorously, during rainfall in the sub-district overflow water can discharge rapidly, prevent to wash away.

Description

The construction method of laccolite (it is domatic to contain cement) slope protection greening

The present invention relates to the construction method of a kind of laccolite (it is domatic to contain cement) slope protection greening.

Current; the level land that can support utilization in the world is limited; but population constantly increases; so the exploitation hillside is unavoidable trend, but the stratum after exploitation mostly is all kinds of rock stratum of geologic structure complexity greatly; therefore; how to carry out water and soil conservations such as the rock slope is stable, greening, the conservation of nature view is a current urgency problem to be solved.

For addressing this problem, must study the domatic characteristic in rock stratum and and climate relationship, now be described below:

1. the domatic most quality in rock stratum is hard, and landform is tall and big, precipitous, this gradient do not have greatly and almost the laccolite of permeability domatic on, in case rainfall, very easily form direct runoff, the water yield converge and the effect of acceleration of gravity under, more improve the domatic strength in its erosion damage rock stratum.

2. rainfall concentrates on summer mostly, some area also is subjected to typhoon influence, and special torrential rain takes place, and this heavy rain drops on the extremely low rock slope of permeability, can exist the saprolite on domatic to dash completely with former, make the natural environment that loses the plant survival on domatic.

3. the rock slope hardness hardness that can penetrate far above root system of plant mostly is so under no good cover layer protection, root system of plant is normal to be difficult to grow or death because of bearing long term high temperature.

4. the rock stratum is domatic mostly exposed spacious, both has been subject to the heavy rain invasion and attack, is subject to sunlight exposure again, adds that high wind plays a driving role to the evaporation of moisture content, causes that hair crack water volatilizees fully on the rock slope, is in the seedling that sprouts dental phenomenon on the rock slope, also can Yin Gaowen and lack of water and death.

5. rock hillside fields matter complexity, the difference that has is very big, the hardness height, though physical features is its common ground suddenly, but also meet sometimes as places that very easily caves in such as mud stone, thereby make many on the rock slope imaginations of Turf Culture and various vegetation, be difficult on the rock slope implement owing to being difficult to various necessary facilities equipment are anchored at.

Now plant living worker's method on the Chang Yong rock slope, have following five kinds approximately:

1. method is planted in the lapping spray;

2. method is planted in steel mesh grillage, soil moved in to improve the original spray;

3. the spray of fertile bundle guipure is planted and is thought of a way;

4. the concrete-type frame cooperates shop nail stereoscopic graticule spray to plant method (abbreviation type frame bank protection is planted and thought of a way);

5. the concrete-type frame cooperates the soil moved in to improve the original bag method of arranging.

Typical case and have certain representational type frame bank protection and plant the construction process of thinking of a way with reference to accompanying drawing 1A～1G relatively wherein is described as follows:

1. whole slope;

2. bedding wire netting 11A and fix (seeing Figure 1A) with holdfast 11B;

3. the reinforcing bar 11C(that arranges in length and breadth is set sees Figure 1B);

With iron wire 11D with reinforcing bar 11C in infall colligation firmly (seeing Fig. 1 C);

5. add dozen holdfast 11E(in iron wire 11D colligation place and see Fig. 1 D);

6. establish type frame template 33(along reinforcing bar 11C in length and breadth and see Fig. 1 E);

7. the shop plastics intercept the cloth 34 back mud (seeing Fig. 1 F) of spraying water in template between the type frame;

8. remove Polypropylence Sheet after cement mortar solidifies, obtain a type framework 11G(and see Fig. 1 G).

The original conception of above-mentioned worker's method, be intended to utilize these type frameworks, on the abominable rock slope of geology, with more plant green material evenly be bonded to domatic on, the suitable environment of plant growing is provided and increases domatic roughness, with the domatic piece that is separated into, bring into play and preferable hold back and disperse runoff to prevent the function of washing away.

But actual conditions are these methods finds following many problems in tracing observation:

1. the lapping spray is planted for the function weakness of disperseing runoff control erosion, and heavy rain common etched groove later gathers, and plants living base material and runs off serious.

2. worker's methods such as fertile bundle bar and type frame, though its front end can be retained many green material of planting, its rear end because of with the discrepancy in elevation of 3～6 centimetres of domatic formation, during heavy rain, in front end or frame compile a large amount of overflow waters fast, at this formation drop, scour is serious.

3. the nutrient drawn of plant root, must rely on the decomposition and inversion of suitable moisture content and microorganism to finish, but these microorganisms again with organic matter in the content of some elements utmost point confidential relation is arranged, and the drip washing of each rainfall, a large amount of organic matters is run off, and after the heavy rain, sweltering hot weather is again with domatic moisture content rapid evaporation, make and plant of the help of living plant because of exclusion and microorganism, can't absorb mix not labile slow granulated fertilizer in the plant base material, often for want of moisture content, nutrition and trace element, and make the plant fragility, not drought-resistant and aging death.

4. test shows, commonly used and the approximate planting material of spray phytyl material, be placed on diameter and height and respectively be in 25 centimetres the flowerpot, plant thickness when being 3～6 centimetres in spray, water every day go out by the basin underflow to water till, its nutrient loss ratio is 70% of institute's nitrogen fertilizer application in 20 days, 50% and a large amount of organic matter of potash fertilizer, colloid, trace element, and during heavy rain, one day, even one hour hold rainfall, often watered the summation of the water yield in 20 days, as can be known worker's method previously greater than test, even plant living base material, can do not washed away and run off and hold and stay on the rock slope, can be released yet because of a large amount of the molten of rainwater, leaching, nutrient is a large amount of to run off fast.

6. the past worker's method is domatic for pursuing quick covering, adopts high density to plant more and gives birth to spray and plant, this makes the native country plant lose the space of growth under the preferable environment, and to planting living exotic plant when aging, dead, rock hillside fields matter has become and has been unfavorable for the environment of growing, and the native country plant also is difficult to survival.

7. native country plant on the rock slope naturally can survive, through long-range circumstances test and domestication, the most splendid rock slope growing plants, but wherein many plants are unsuitable for maybe can't adopting seed law growth, must dig pit and plant seedlings, so many planting with the seed law of exotic plant given birth to processing, but this exotic plant dullness, fragility, be easy to death, be difficult to realize the ideal of greening.

By the above as can be known, the construction method of laccolite slope protection greening previously is difficult to obtain actual effect, up to now, does not still have effective solution.

Purpose of the present invention; be the construction method that a kind of laccolite (it is domatic to contain cement) slope protection greening will be provided, this method can effectively be cut and be led too much precipitation; do not make and converge into runoff; and protect domatic, thereby effectively storing nutrient does not make loss, provides a good life condition to plant; and on the rock slope, need not dig pit; can directly plant seedlings, or polythene bagged plant plants life, make and once plant life and can build abundant multilayer vegetation.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this: be about to rock slope or cement surface to be protected, and behind necessity smooth, setting-out on domatic according to plan, mark the position of type frame, after holdfast is squeezed in each crosspoint, two row reinforcing bars in length and breadth are set, the place is fixed on reinforcing bar on the holdfast with iron wire in the crosspoint; Secondly, on the reinforcing bar that sets, the shop hangs hedgehog type frame and strengthens netting gear, puts fertile bundle bar the inner row of netting gear, and it is securely fixed on the reinforcing bar, the type frame template is set in case of necessity, to increase frame post height, again in lay between various frame intercept cloth after, spray water mud in row has the template of reinforcing bar, the cement mortar face can be exposed strengthen that the tubing string mouth of pipe is a principle on the netting gear, and become and be close to domatic semicircle or square bar frame; After treating that cement mortar solidifies, form removal, obstruct cloth, destroy unnecessary tubing string, promptly neatly be separated into separately independently block of cells on rock is domatic by multi-functional cellular type frame, in cellular type frame, adjustable net grid are solidly plugged in the hole of type frame, can cooperate shop fast green bag, thick-layer spray to plant or soil moved in to improve the original plants seedlings etc. and multiplely to plant living worker's method and carry out counterfort virescence.Last above the type frame of crisscross and mutual linking, plant erosion control airflow fence, overflow water cuts through horizontal airflow fence and is directed at the longitudinal drain groove and discharges rapidly when making rainfall, effectively prevents from seriously to wash away.

Advantage of the present invention is as follows:

1. reduce cement consumption significantly, alleviate the holdfast load, improve slope stability: general because of the hedgehog type frame that adopts is strengthened netting gear or its analog only at type frame shell sprayed coating cement mortar, thus both saved cement, reduce cost, make slope stability again.

2. utilize honey comb structure, simplified slope greening work, the previously numerous difficulties of greening work have been overcome: because of adopting honey comb like type frame, on honeycomb type frame and in the formed sub-district of type frame, utilize its a plurality of holes, can install multiple greening installation, comprising adjustable net grid, the erosion control airflow fence creates conditions for carrying out multiple plant growth methods such as the thick-layer spray is planted or soil moved in to improve the original plants seedlings.

3. make and plant living plant and can obtain a rational growing environment, bring into play permanent greening achievement: because of on the type frame, being provided with the erosion control airflow fence, between the type frame, utilize adjustable net grid, can conserve water and soil and make nutrient be difficult for running off, and carry out multiple greening operation, effects such as performance as retaining are native, windproof, screening day are grown up strong and sturdy seedling.

The construction method of laccolite of the present invention (it is domatic to contain cement) slope protection greening is provided by following examples and accompanying drawing thereof.

Figure 1A～1G is that existing type frame bank protection is planted living worker's method construction process figure, wherein

Figure 1A fixes at Yan Po upper berth top iron and screw silk screen 11A and with holdfast 11B;

Figure 1B is provided with in length and breadth to the reinforcing bar 11C that arranges;

Fig. 1 C is at the reinforcing bar infall that reinforcing bar binding is firm with iron wire 11D;

Fig. 1 D adds at the reinforcing bar infall to beat holdfast 11E;

Fig. 1 E installs type frame template 33;

Fig. 1 F is that the shop plastics intercept the mud of spraying water in the cloth 34 backward type frame templates in the type frame surrounds the interval;

Fig. 1 G removes after cement mortar solidifies to intercept cloth 34 back formation type framework 11G;

Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are relevant construction process of the present invention and greening installation figure, wherein

Fig. 2 A squeezes into holdfast 11,12 on the rock slope, be provided with in length and breadth to two- layer reinforcing bar 21,22,23,24, and with iron wire 101,102, reinforcing bar be fixed on the holdfast;

After Fig. 2 B is domatic laying hedgehog netting gear, according to Fig. 1 E～1F method construction, at form removal, intercept cloth after, formerly domaticly be separated into independently block by hedgehog formula type frame;

Fig. 2 C in the block after hedgehog formula type frame is separated, in adjustable net grid 51 two ends insert type frame holes 411,412, implements the living worker's method of planting then;

Fig. 2 D is a plant erosion control airflow fence 61,62,63,64 above the type frame, and the water guide schematic diagram dams.

Fig. 3 A1 is hedgehog netting gear 30 structures and installation site schematic diagram.

Fig. 3 A2 is the B-B schematic cross-section of Fig. 2 B.

Fig. 3 A3 is the A-A schematic cross-section of Fig. 2 B.

Fig. 3 B1 is with the ectonexine wire netting and is that the shroud that is fixed in online hollow column jacket replaces hedgehog netting gear figure.

Fig. 3 B2 is a shroud cross sectional representation before the water spray mud.

Fig. 3 B3 is the C-C schematic cross-section of Fig. 2 B.

Fig. 3 B4 is the D-D schematic cross-section of Fig. 2 B.

Fig. 4 A is adjustable net grid 51 structure charts.

Fig. 4 B is erosion control airflow fence 61 structure charts.

Fig. 4 C coats the fertile bag of speed situation map with adjustable net grid 51 inflection.

Describe in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

Construction method of the present invention can be described as a kind of cellular type frame plant growing protection slope construction method, is undertaken by following operation.

With the rock slope of desire greening behind the whole ground of necessity, by design setting-out on domatic, mark the position of square type frame, by domatic geological condition requirement,, squeeze into holdfast 11,12 in type frame crosspoint and framework center ... it is domatic that one side is used for reinforcement, and one side is treated next step fixedly reinforcing bar;

2. two row reinforcing bars 21,22,23,24 in length and breadth are set ..., at place, crosspoint iron wire 101,102 ... reinforcing bar is fixed on the holdfast (sees Fig. 2 A);

3. on the reinforcing bar that sets, the shop hangs hedgehog type frame reinforcement netting gear 30(and sees Fig. 3 A1,3B1), again in the inner fertile bundle bar (bag) 31 that discharges of netting gear, and with iron wire 32 its bolt is tied on reinforcing bar, in case of necessity, type frame template 33 is set, to increase frame post height; When preventing to whitewash, the cement mortar that splashes in the sub-district that the type frame is surrounded, is laid and is intercepted cloth 34 to keep former domatic form, plant living work in order to follow-up, the shape of its facility can be with reference to Fig. 1 E and Fig. 1 F, in addition, and at the holdfast place that reinforcing bar intersects, reserve suitable space, a shape shroud is set or do not have in the hedgehog netting gear of pipe, make spray water mud after, this place forms the pile of strong net;

4. in type frame template 33, spray the high-early (strength) cement slurry, and make each tubing string mouth of pipe on the netting gear, protrude from the cement mortar end face, form a semicircle or a tetragonal cement bar frame 41,42 that is close on domatic at last; After (seeing Fig. 2 B) treats that cement mortar solidifies, form removal, intercept cloth, destroy the tubing string of unnecessary length, at this moment domatic go up by a cellular type frame tight and neat be separated into separately independently sub-district;

5. with reference to Fig. 2 C, in cellular type frame sub-district, with adjustable net grid 51, the skeleton bar that utilizes its two ends to stretch out in the insert type frame hole 411,412, is spread fast green bag, is carried out multiple worker's methods such as the thick-layer spray is planted or soil moved in to improve the original plants seedlings, counterfort virescence in the sub-district;

6. above the type frame of crisscross mutual linking, plant erosion control airflow fence 61,62, (seeing Fig. 2 D and Fig. 3 A2) are when making rainfall, and overflow water cuts through horizontal airflow fence and is directed at the longitudinal drain ditch in the sub-district, discharges rapidly.

In addition,, during construction, can overlay wire netting, hold back the rubble ability with increase if necessary in bottom when former domatic weathering rubble when slope of being.

For realizing above-mentioned worker's method, required key facility material, details are as follows:

1. hedgehog type frame is strengthened netting gear 30; (with reference to Fig. 3 A2)

(1) structure: hedgehog type frame is strengthened netting gear 30, be called for short the hedgehog netting gear, it is the hard shell body of a semicircle, its shape also can be Jiong shape, the hollow column jacket 302 that gathers the plant radial arrangement and be connected with enclosure interior in its surface, tubing string is suitable for reading to be shut, in the duricrust outer rim, half is highly located about tubing string, is provided with reinforcement guard 303, and it is to be fixed on the net bar of guard that every endowel all interts, to avoid the whitewashing impact and to lose, tubing string length is principle with the type frame cement layer end face that can exceed sprinkling, tubing string diameter and plant angle, the reinforcement mesh-shaped, the distribution situation of holdfast and reinforcing bar, quantity, size all can determine by actual conditions.

(2) material, duricrust and tubing string can be pegged graft and form through cutting, boring with ox-hide paper tube or plastic tube etc., or use the synthetic material global formation, and its intensity can satisfy suffered pressure in the whitewashing.

(3) function:

A. after theing cement solidifies, knock out the tubing string of unnecessary length, a hole gather as honey comb like type frame, can import water, liquid fertilizer etc. to shell from hole.

B. enclosure interior is placed with powerful water-loss reducer and can improves the fertilizer bundle bar (bag) 31 of peat soil, detritus acid, microorganism and the slow granulated fertilizer of geology, scatter and disappear because of it is placed on enclosure interior, moisture content, fertilizer efficiency is difficult, and keep good ground temperature, the good environment of plant root growth is provided really and reaches the effect that improves geology.(repeatedly experiment confirm continues to be attached to all kinds of rock stratum with organic matter, humic acid, water, microorganism etc., can improve gradually domatic physicochemical property make help plant growing).

C. after the water-loss reducer imbibition, make the hole of the bag obstruction tubing string of fiber cotton in the fertile bundle bar, then outside moisture can't enter, thereby effectively keeps proper moisture content.

D. the surface because of cellular type frame has a plurality of holes, required each plantation of bank protection can be given birth to equipment with easy insertion be fixed on domatic on, solved long-term indeterminable problem.

For simplifying operation procedure, the hedgehog netting gear can be by shown in Fig. 3 B1.By inside and outside wire netting 30b, 30a and be to be fixed in the shroud that the hollow column jacket 302 on the wire netting constituted to replace.Fig. 3 B2 is the preceding cross sectional representation of the spray water mud of this shroud, and Fig. 3 B3,3B4 are cross sectional representation behind this shroud spray water mud.

2. adjustable net grid 51(is with reference to Fig. 4 A)

(1) structure: be that a netting gear with one-body molded or knitting forming cuts the mesh grid of making suitable length and width, its edge is bonding jumper or the synthetic plastic bar that suitable intensity is arranged, the bar frame is provided with connecting ring 511, two screen frames are in abutting connection with then being finished by interspersed trip or steel bar in its mutual latch closure, make it be concatenated into the net grid of movable adjustment, utilize net grid two ends outstanding bonding jumper or synthetic plastic bar, insert type frame inside aperture, can adjust net grid height and folding angle thereof, can utilize simultaneously mesh size to change, or on wire side small pieces of cloth used for patches nonwoven shading net 512, increase and decrease the frame number in case of necessity, vertical bracing boom is set to bring into play its multiple function in wire side.

(2) material:

A. the mesh material can be with plastics or the suitable synthetic material of other intensity;

B. screen frame, latch closure, the bar strip of putting more energy into are irony or duroplasts.

(3) function:

Utilize it can be arbitrarily longitudinal folding and the characteristic of Multiple Combination; can implement polythene bagged plant plants and gives birth to or directly plant seedlings; especially environment most evil bad as the high wind burning sun under the area; or on the side slope of reservoir level critical line; the net grid that have sunshade of keeping out the wind or anti-naughty erosion function after the available combination are protected; Fig. 4 C is its inflection is coated the fertile bag of speed, provides a suitable growing environment to seedling.

3. erosion control airflow fence 61(is with reference to Fig. 4 B)

(1) structure: be high about 10 a centimetres strip framework, be provided with horizontal stiffener in the frame and protrude in the outer below of frame and become the Plug Division, remainder then is a fine-structure mesh in the frame, framework has the flexibility bending that can suitably rise and fall, at each grid body two ends, respectively there is the docking groove of a direction inequality to connect so that the grid body can closely be controlled.

(2) material: adopt plastics, rubber or other synthetic material to make.

(3) function: it is solidly plugged on the hole of cellular type frame top, when rainfall forms overflow water in frame, cuts water guide stream and make rapid vertical guide tank of inflow and quick the discharge, prevent that runoff from washing away sub-district in the frame along the cement paving on the framework.

Claims (11)

1, the construction method of a kind of laccolite (it is domatic to contain cement) slope protection greening is characterized in that carrying out according to following operation:

1) with the rock slope of desire greening or cement surface through behind the whole ground of necessity by design setting-out on domatic, mark type frame position, squeeze into holdfast in type frame crosspoint and framework center;

2) reinforcing bar in length and breadth is set, the place is fixed on reinforcing bar on the holdfast with iron wire in the crosspoint;

3) on the reinforcing bar that sets, the shop hangs hedgehog type frame reinforcement netting gear, and netting gear is inner to discharge fertile bundle bar (bag), and its bolt is tied on reinforcing bar, in case of necessity, the type frame template is set, with increase type frame height; In the sub-district that the type frame is surrounded, lay and intercept cloth again;

4) in the type frame template, sprinkling irrigation high-early (strength) cement slurry, and make each tubing string mouth of pipe on the netting gear, protrude from the cement mortar end face, form a semicircle or a square bar frame that is close on domatic at last, treat that cement mortar solidifies after, form removal, intercept cloth, destroy unnecessary length tubing string, promptly closely neatly be separated into separately independently sub-district on domatic by a cellular type frame;

5) with adjustable net grid, in the insert type frame hole of two ends, in the sub-district, spread fast green bag, carry out multiple worker's methods such as the thick-layer spray is planted or soil moved in to improve the original plants seedlings, counterfort virescence;

6) plant erosion control airflow fence above the type frame.

2,, it is characterized in that during construction, can overlaying wire netting if necessary in bottom when former domatic weathering rubble when slope of being according to the construction method of the described laccolite of claim 1 (it is domatic to contain cement) slope protection greening.

3, according to the construction method of claim 1 or 2 described laccolite (it is domatic to contain cement) slope protection greenings, it is characterized in that reserving suitable space, the hedgehog netting gear of pipe in a shape shroud or the nothing is set at the holdfast place of each reinforcing bar intersection, after making filling water mud, this place forms strong pile.

4, according to the construction method of claim 1 or 2 described laccolite (it is domatic to contain cement) slope protection greenings, it is characterized in that described hedgehog type frame reinforcement netting gear, being called for short the hedgehog netting gear is the hard shell body of a semicircle, the densely covered plant radial arrangement in its surface, and the hollow column jacket that is connected with enclosure interior, tubing string is suitable for reading to be shut.

5, according to the construction method of claim 1 or 2 described laccolite (it is domatic to contain cement) slope protection greenings, the duricrust outer rim that it is characterized in that described hedgehog netting gear, half is highly located about tubing string, be provided with the reinforcement guard, it is to be fixed on the net bar of guard that every endowel all interts, and the shape of tubing string diameter and plant angle, reinforcement net, the distribution situation of holdfast and reinforcing bar, quantity, size all can determine by actual conditions.

6,, it is characterized in that described hedgehog netting gear can and be that the shroud that hollow column jacket constituted that is fixed on the wire netting replaces by inside and outside wire netting according to the construction method of claim 1 or 2 described laccolite (it is domatic to contain cement) slope protection greenings.

7, according to the construction method of claim 1 or 2 described laccolite (it is domatic to contain cement) slope protection greenings, it is characterized in that described adjustable net grid are that a netting gear with one-body molded or knitting forming cuts the mesh grid of making suitable length and width, its edge is bonding jumper or the synthetic plastic bar that suitable intensity is arranged, the bar frame is provided with connecting ring, two screen frames are finished in abutting connection with then interting trip or steel bar by it in mutual latch closure, make it be concatenated into the net grid of movable adjustment.

8, according to the construction method of claim 1 or 2 described laccolite (it is domatic to contain cement) slope protection greenings, it is characterized in that described adjustable net grid, but small pieces of cloth used for patches nonwoven shading net on the wire side, and increase and decrease the frame number in case of necessity, vertical bracing boom is set in wire side.

9, according to the construction method of claim 1 or 2 described laccolite (it is domatic to contain cement) slope protection greenings, it is characterized in that the erosion control airflow fence is high about 10 a centimetres strip framework, be provided with horizontal stiffener in the frame and protrude in the outer below of frame, become the Plug Division, remainder then is a fine-structure mesh in the frame.

10, according to the construction method of claim 1 or 2 described laccolite (it is domatic to contain cement) slope protection greenings, it is characterized in that described erosion control airflow fence, suitably the plastics of bending fluctuation, rubber or other synthetic material goods for having flexibility.

11, according to the construction method of claim 1 or 2 described laccolite (it is domatic to contain cement) slope protection greenings, it is characterized in that the grid body two ends of described erosion control airflow fence, the docking groove of a direction inequality is respectively arranged.

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