CN109605842B - 一种船用宽频多层复合吸声结构 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种船用宽频多层复合吸声结构,包括依次层叠的面板层、第一吸声材料层、微穿孔面板、第二吸声材料层、背板层;第一吸声材料层和第二吸声材料层的总厚度为50mm~70mm。本发明提供的船用宽频多层复合吸声结构具有多层结构,同时引入了两层多孔吸声材料层,可以有效的针对宽频带噪声源进行吸声材料层的自由组合,对低频和中高频的噪声均具有较好地吸声效果,具有非常好的军事意义和社会效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及船舶舱室的减振降噪领域,特别是指一种船用宽频多层复合吸声结构。
背景技术
船舶在行驶过程中,由于机械设备的运转会产生较大的噪声。为保护船上人员不受噪声影响,拥有宁静舒适的生活、工作环境,除了需要进行隔声处理外,还需需改进防护结构的形式,提高防护结构的吸声性能。
从吸声的机理来看,一般多孔吸声材料高频段吸声效果较好,而微穿孔结构低频段吸声效果较好。而且任何单质材料对声波频谱的吸收均存在波谷,即当吸声材料质量增大对某种频率声波的吸收效果也没有明显地提高时,这就表明该材料吸声效果作用频率范围就无法再进一步提高了。现有吸声结构大部分是针对特定频率范围具有较好效果,缺少从低到高宽频范围内吸声效果好,且重量和厚度适当的吸声结构。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是:提供一种船用宽频多层复合吸声结构,可以有效的针对宽频带噪声源进行吸声材料层的自由组合,对低频和中高频的噪声均具有较好地吸声效果。
本发明提供的一种船用宽频多层复合吸声结构,包括依次层叠的面板层、第一吸声材料层、微穿孔面板、第二吸声材料层、背板层;第一吸声材料层和第二吸声材料层的总厚度为50mm~70mm。
可选地,面板层与背板层的厚度选为0.6mm~2.5mm。
较佳地,所述面板层和背板层上设有穿孔,穿孔率为10%~40%。
可选地,面板层和背板层的穿孔直径为1mm~3mm。
较佳地,所述微穿孔面板的穿孔直径为0.05mm~1mm,穿孔率为3.5%~14%。
可选地,所述微穿孔面板的板材厚度为0.5mm~3mm。
所述的微穿孔面板为铝合金板材。
所述面板层和背板层选用不锈钢板材制成。
所述第一吸声吸声材料层和第二吸声材料层选用聚酰亚胺、聚氨酯或三聚氰胺制成。
仅使用一种吸声材料时,第二吸声材料层由空气层替代。
本发明的有益效果为:本发明船用宽频多层复合吸声结构具有多层结构,同时引入了两层多孔吸声材料层,可以有效的针对宽频带噪声源进行吸声材料层的自由组合,对低频和中高频的噪声均具有较好地吸声效果。对于频率特性较为单一的噪声源,第二吸声材料层可以为空气层。在同等吸声、隔音性能情况下,本发明提供的复合吸声结构具有结构更简单、更轻薄,安装与使用更为轻便等有益效果,符合安装和应用要求。
附图说明
图1本发明实施例所提供的一种船用宽频多层复合吸声结构示意图;
图2本发明实施例所提供的一种船用宽频多层复合吸声结构三维模型图;
图3本发明实施例与传统夹心吸声结构吸声系数对比曲线;
图中:1-面板层,2-第一吸声材料层,3-微穿孔面板,4-第二吸声材料层,5-背板层。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有付出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。
参照图1、图2所示,本实施例提供的一种船用宽频多层复合吸声结构,包括依次层叠的面板层1、第一吸声材料层2、微穿孔面板3、第二吸声材料层4、背板层5。
所述的面板层1和背板层5可选用强度较大的钢材制成,本实施例中选用不锈钢板材。所述面板层1与背板层5的厚度选为0.6mm~2.5mm,视具体情况而定。所述面板层1和背板层5上进行了穿孔,穿孔直径为1mm~3mm,穿孔率为10%~40%。
所述第一吸声吸声材料层2和第二吸声材料层4主要选用聚酰亚胺、聚氨酯、三聚氰胺等材料制成。仅使用一种吸声材料时,第二吸声材料层2由空气层替代。第一吸声材料层和第二吸声材料层的总厚度约为50mm~70mm,厚度配比可根据噪声源的声波频谱特性进行相应地调整。主要吸声材料的相关参数如下表1所示。
表1主要吸声材料的相关参数
材料 | 密度(kg/m<sup>3</sup>) | 杨氏模量(N/m<sup>2</sup>) | 泊松比 | 阻尼系数 |
聚氨酯 | 22 | 46500 | 0.4 | 0.14 |
三聚氰胺 | 8.8 | 80000 | 0.4 | 0.14 |
聚酰亚胺 | 13.8 | 3×10<sup>9</sup> | 0.34 | - |
所述的微穿孔面板3为铝合金板材,板材厚度为0.5mm~3mm,穿孔直径为0.05mm~1mm,板材的穿孔率为3.5%~14%,可视具体情况而定。
为验证本发明实施例船用宽频多层复合吸声结构对宽频噪声具有良好的吸声性能,将本发明实施例的船用宽频多层复合吸声结构与传统夹芯吸声结构进行对比。参照图3所示,其为在吸声材料层厚度一致的情况下,两种结构的吸声系数对比曲线。从对比曲线中可以看出,在维持中高频吸声系数不变的情况下,整体结构在低频的吸声系数有了明显的提升。
本发明实施例船用宽频多层复合吸声结构可以通过调整吸声材料层的材料和厚度配比,来主动适应噪声源的声波频谱特性。同时选取针对中高频和低频声波的吸声材料,就可有效地对宽频带噪声产生较好的吸声效果。本发明具有吸声系数高、吸声频带宽、高强轻质的特点,是一种优质的船用吸声型结构。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的范围内,可轻易想到的变化或者替换,都应该涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (7)
1.一种船用宽频多层复合吸声结构,其特征在于:包括依次层叠的面板层、第一吸声材料层、微穿孔面板、第二吸声材料层、背板层;第一吸声材料层和第二吸声材料层的总厚度为50mm~70mm;所述面板层和背板层上设有穿孔,穿孔率为10%~40%,面板层和背板层的穿孔直径为1mm~3mm,所述微穿孔面板的穿孔直径为0.05mm~1mm,穿孔率为3.5%~14%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的船用宽频多层复合吸声结构,其特征在于:面板层与背板层的厚度选为0.6mm~2.5mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的船用宽频多层复合吸声结构,其特征在于:所述微穿孔面板的板材厚度为0.5mm~3mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的船用宽频多层复合吸声结构,其特征在于:所述的微穿孔面板为铝合金板材。
5.根据权利要求1所述的船用宽频多层复合吸声结构,其特征在于:所述面板层和背板层选用不锈钢板材制成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的船用宽频多层复合吸声结构,其特征在于:所述第一吸声材料层和第二吸声材料层选用聚酰亚胺、聚氨酯或三聚氰胺制成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的船用宽频多层复合吸声结构,其特征在于:仅使用一种吸声材料时,第二吸声材料层由空气层替代。
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