CN106084749A - 一种聚氨酯吸声材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种聚氨酯吸声材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106084749A
CN106084749A CN201610425445.3A CN201610425445A CN106084749A CN 106084749 A CN106084749 A CN 106084749A CN 201610425445 A CN201610425445 A CN 201610425445A CN 106084749 A CN106084749 A CN 106084749A
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foam
sound absorption
polyurethane
absorption material
rigid
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许晶晶
高琍玲
康健
洪少华
宣君
沈夺魁
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JIANGSU XINGUANG ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENGINEERING Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种聚氨酯吸声材料，包括双层复合聚氨酯泡沫，其中一层为硬质泡沫，另一层为软质泡沫。所述硬质泡沫是硬质闭孔型泡沫、半硬质开孔型泡沫和硬质开孔型泡沫中的任一种。所述软质泡沫为软质开孔型泡沫。采用双层复合形式，通过二次发泡制备得聚氨酯吸声材料。本发明采用两层复合聚氨酯泡沫，克服了柔性吸声材料因泡孔细小，单一样品中高频吸声效果一般的缺点，采用硬质泡沫和软质复合后，增大吸声频段，提高吸声性能同时也提高其力学性能。在实际应用中，双层复合的聚氨酯板材可以根据需要采用不同的复合方式来提高不同频段的吸声性能，具有广阔的前景。

Description

一种聚氨酯吸声材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种的高分子吸声材料，尤其是一种聚氨酯吸声材料。
背景技术
吸声材料是具有较强的吸收声能、减低噪声性能的材料。借自身的多孔性、薄膜作用或共振作用而对入射声能具有吸收作用的材料。吸声材料要与周围的传声介质的声特性阻抗匹配，使声能无反射地进入吸声材料，并使入射声能绝大部分被吸收。在噪声控制工程中，常常需要用到各种各样的吸声材料，而其中应用最广泛的是多孔吸声材料。多孔性材料如纤维材料、泡沫材料、粒状材料等一般用于空气传播噪声和结构噪声的降低。多孔吸声材料具有高频吸声系数大、比重小等优点，是一种广泛采用的吸声降噪材料。聚氨酯泡沫是典型的多孔型声学材料，它综合了聚氨酯的优良高分子材料性能以及多孔材料吸声功能和柔性材料的阻尼吸声功能，具有较好的吸声、隔声性能。现阶段的聚氨酯泡沫主要有硬质和软质两种，软质聚氨酯泡沫为开孔型泡沫，吸声性能好，但是强度不够，而硬质聚氨酯泡沫其吸声有限，但是强度可以满足使用要求，本发明采用双层复合的形式，制备双层复合聚氨酯泡沫，使产品既满足吸声方面的使用要求，又满足力学方面的使用要求。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种增大吸声频段，提高吸声性能、力学性能的聚氨酯吸声材料及其制备方法。
为了实现上述目标，本发明采用如下的技术方案：
一种聚氨酯吸声材料，包括双层复合聚氨酯泡沫，其中一层为硬质泡沫，另一层为软质泡沫。
进一步地，所述硬质泡沫是硬质闭孔型泡沫、半硬质开孔型泡沫和硬质开孔型泡沫中的任一种。
进一步地，所述软质泡沫为软质开孔型泡沫。
上述聚氨酯吸声材料的制备方法，该方法包括如下步骤：
（1）：一次发泡：先将一种泡沫按配方称量各组分，搅拌混合均匀，浇灌入第一厚板式模具中,合模、发泡、成型后,开模，制备出单层泡沫材料;
（2）：二次发泡：组装模具,将步骤（1）得到的单层泡沫材料装入到第二厚板式模具中，再将另一种泡沫按配方称量各组分，搅拌混合均匀，浇灌入第二厚板式模具中，合模、发泡、成型后，开模，得聚氨酯吸声材料。
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明采用两层复合聚氨酯泡沫，克服了柔性吸声材料因泡孔细小，所以单一样品中高频吸声效果一般缺点，采用硬质泡沫和软质复合后，增大吸声频段，提高吸声性能同时也提高其力学性能。在实际应用中，双层复合的聚氨酯板材可以根据需要采用不同的复合方式来提高不同频段的吸声性能，具有广阔的前景。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作具体的介绍。
应理解，这些实施例只是为了举例说明本发明，而非以任何方式限制本发明的范围。在以下的实施例中，未详细描述的各种过程和方法是本领域中公知的常规方法。所用组分的来源、商品名以及有必要列出其组成成分者，均在首次出现时标明，其后所用相同试剂如无特殊说明，均以首次标明的内容相同。
本发明中的聚氨酯吸声材料，采用双层复合形式，通过二次发泡制备，其聚氨酯主链按照分子结构的不同分为软段和硬段。采用聚醚多元醇或聚合物多元醇或者聚碳酸酯二醇作为聚氨酯组分的软段。所述硬段结构单元是由是异氰酸酯和三乙烯二胺、三丁胺、丁二醇等扩链生成。
本发明中异氰酸酯选用的是国药集团化学试剂有限公司生产的分子量为200的异氰酸酯。
实施例1：制备硬质闭孔型泡沫
硬质闭孔型泡沫包括如下重量份数的组分：H4110（聚醚多元醇）为54，BD（1,4-丁二醇）为16，AK8805（硅油）为2.8，TEDA-A33（三乙烯二胺）为0.8，氢氧化铝为14，DMMP（甲基磷酸二甲酯）为16，TCEP（三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯）为15，H2O为0.6，HCFC-141b（一氟二氯乙烷）为27，PAPI（异氰酸酯）为150。
制得一次成型40mm厚的硬质闭孔型聚氨酯泡沫板密度为0.048/g.cm-3，开孔率为5.01 %，平均吸声系数0.15，弹性模量770MPa。
实施例2：制备硬质开孔型泡沫
硬质开孔型泡沫包括如下重量份数的组分：ST-602EL（聚碳酸酯二醇）为60，107胶（端羟基聚硅氧烷）为30，BD（1,4-丁二醇）为22，Wanalink 6200（4,4，-双仲丁氨基二苯基甲烷）为5.0，AK8805（硅油）为2.0，TEDA-A33（三乙烯二胺）为0.8， DMMP（甲基磷酸二甲酯）为22，TCEP（三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯）为22，H2O为2.5， PAPI（异氰酸酯）为100。
制得一次成型40mm厚的硬质开孔型聚氨酯泡沫板密度为0.086/g.cm-3，开孔率为90.11 %，平均吸声系数0.41，弹性模量820MPa。
实施例3：制备半硬质开孔型泡沫
半硬质开孔型泡沫包括如下重量份数的组分：ST-602EL（聚碳酸酯二醇）为40，PS-1752（苯酐聚酯多元醇）为18，Wanalink 6200（4,4，-双仲丁氨基二苯基甲烷）为5.0，PMDA（均苯四酸二酐）为50，AK8805（硅油）为2.0，TEDA-A33（三乙烯二胺）为1.1，三丁胺为2.2，DMMP（甲基磷酸二甲酯）为22，TCEP（三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯）为22，H2O为3.0，HCFC-141b（一氟二氯乙烷）为16，PAPI（异氰酸酯）为70。
制得一次成型40mm厚的半硬质开孔型聚氨酯泡沫板密度为0.025/g.cm-3，1.53开孔率为94 %，平均吸声系数0.48，弹性模量600MPa。
实施例4：制备软质泡沫为软质开孔型泡沫。
TEP-3033（三乙烯二胺）为27，YB-3081（聚合物多元醇）为41，PMDA（均苯四酸二酐）为26，纳米SiO2为12，AK8805（硅油）为0.2，三丁胺为2.5，DMMP（甲基磷酸二甲酯）为19，TCEP（三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯）为19，H2O为3.2，HCFC-141b（一氟二氯乙烷）为16，PAPI（异氰酸酯）为64。制得一次成型40mm厚的聚氨酯泡沫板密度为0.058/g.cm-3，开孔率为92.31%，平均吸声系数0.64，弹性模量80MPa。
实施例5：制备硬质闭孔型泡沫与软质开孔型泡沫的复合聚氨酯吸声材料
该方法包括如下步骤：
（1）：一次发泡：先将硬质闭孔型泡沫按实施例1中配方称量各组分，搅拌混合均匀，浇灌入第一厚板式模具中,合模、发泡、成型后,开模，制备出单层泡沫材料; 其中，各组分原料搅拌均匀后在室温下静置0.5h，加入催化剂搅拌5s，进行发泡，发泡时间为80s，然后在100℃下熟化50s。
（2）：二次发泡：组装模具,将步骤（1）得到的单层泡沫材料装入到第二厚板式模具中，再将软质开孔型泡沫按实施例4中配方称量各组分，搅拌混合均匀，浇灌入第二厚板式模具中，合模、发泡、成型后，开模，得到硬质闭孔型泡沫与软质开孔型泡沫的复合聚氨酯吸声材料。其中，发泡时间为120s，温度为20℃，成型时间为60s，成型温度120℃。
经检测，硬质闭孔型泡沫与软质开孔型泡沫的复合聚氨酯吸声材料的吸声系数为0.68。
实施例6：制备硬质开孔型泡沫与软质开孔型泡沫的复合聚氨酯吸声材料
该方法包括如下步骤：
（1）：一次发泡：先将硬质开孔型泡沫按实施2中配方称量各组分，搅拌混合均匀，浇灌入第一厚板式模具中,合模、发泡、成型后,开模，制备出单层泡沫材料; 其中，各组分原料搅拌均匀后在室温下静置0.5h，加入催化剂搅拌5s，进行发泡，发泡时间为60s，然后在100℃下熟化30s。
（2）：二次发泡：组装模具,将步骤（1）得到的单层泡沫材料装入到第二厚板式模具中，再将软质开孔型泡沫按实施例4中配方称量各组分，搅拌混合均匀，浇灌入第二厚板式模具中，合模、发泡、成型后，开模，得到硬质开孔型泡沫与软质开孔型泡沫的复合聚氨酯吸声材料。其中，发泡时间为180s，温度为30℃，成型时间为30s，成型温度130℃。
经检测，硬质开孔型泡沫与软质开孔型泡沫的复合聚氨酯吸声材料的吸声系数为0.82。
实施例7：制备半硬质开孔型泡沫与软质开孔型泡沫的复合聚氨酯吸声材料
该方法包括如下步骤：
（1）：一次发泡：先将半硬质开孔型泡沫按实施例3中配方称量各组分，搅拌混合均匀，浇灌入第一厚板式模具中,合模、发泡、成型后,开模，制备出单层泡沫材料; 其中，各组分原料搅拌均匀后在室温下静置0.5h，加入催化剂搅拌5s，进行发泡，发泡时间为100s，然后在100℃下熟化60s。
（2）：二次发泡：组装模具,将步骤（1）得到的单层泡沫材料装入到第二厚板式模具中，再将软质开孔型泡沫按实施例4中配方称量各组分，搅拌混合均匀，浇灌入第二厚板式模具中，合模、发泡、成型后，开模，得到半硬质开孔型泡沫与软质开孔型泡沫的复合聚氨酯吸声材料。其中，发泡时间为60s，温度为10℃，成型时间为90s，成型温度100℃。
经检测，半硬质开孔型泡沫与软质开孔型泡沫的复合聚氨酯吸声材料的吸声系数为0.78。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，上述实施例不以任何形式限制本发明，凡采用等同替换或等效变换的方式所获得的技术方案，均落在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种聚氨酯吸声材料，其特征在于，包括双层复合聚氨酯泡沫，其中一层为硬质泡沫，另一层为软质泡沫。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯吸声材料，其特征在于，所述硬质泡沫是硬质闭孔型泡沫、半硬质开孔型泡沫和硬质开孔型泡沫中的任一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的聚氨酯吸声材料，其特征在于，所述硬质闭孔型泡沫包括如下重量份数的组分：聚醚多元醇为54， 1,4-丁二醇为16，硅油为2.8，三乙烯二胺为0.8，氢氧化铝为14，甲基磷酸二甲酯为16，三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯为15，H2O为0.6，一氟二氯乙烷为27，异氰酸酯为150。
4.根据权利要求2所述的聚氨酯吸声材料，其特征在于，所述硬质开孔型泡沫包括如下重量份数的组分：聚碳酸酯二醇为60，端羟基聚硅氧烷为30， 1,4-丁二醇为22，Wanalink6200为5.0，硅油为2.0，三乙烯二胺为0.8，甲基磷酸二甲酯为22，三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯为22，H2O为2.5，异氰酸酯为100。
5.根据权利要求2所述的聚氨酯吸声材料，其特征在于，所述半硬质开孔型泡沫包括如下重量份数的组分：聚碳酸酯二醇为40，PS-1752为18，Wanalink 6200为5.0，PMDA为50，硅油为2.0，三乙烯二胺为1.1，三丁胺为2.2，甲基磷酸二甲酯为22，三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯为22，H2O为3.0，一氟二氯乙烷为16，异氰酸酯为70。
6.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯吸声材料，其特征在于，所述软质泡沫为软质开孔型泡沫。
7.根据权利要求6所述的聚氨酯吸声材料，其特征在于，所述软质开孔型泡沫包括如下重量份数的组分：聚碳酸酯二醇为40，PS-1752为18，Wanalink 6200为5.0，PMDA为50，硅油为2.0，三乙烯二胺为1.1，三丁胺为2.2，甲基磷酸二甲酯为22，三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯为22，H2O为3.0，一氟二氯乙烷为16，异氰酸酯为70。
8.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯吸声材料的制备方法，其特征在于，该方法包括如下步骤：
（1）：一次发泡：先将一种泡沫按配方称量各组分，搅拌混合均匀，浇灌入第一厚板式模具中，合模、发泡、成型后，开模，制备出单层泡沫材料；
（2）：二次发泡：组装模具，将步骤（1）得到的单层泡沫材料装入到第二厚板式模具中，再将另一种泡沫按配方称量各组分，搅拌混合均匀，浇灌入第二厚板式模具中，合模、发泡、成型后，开模，得聚氨酯吸声材料。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种聚氨酯吸声材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）中，各组分原料搅拌均匀后在室温下静置0.5h，加入催化剂搅拌5s，进行发泡，发泡时间为60-100s，然后在100℃下熟化30-60s。
10.根据权利要求8所述的一种聚氨酯吸声材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）中，发泡时间为60-180s，温度为10-30℃，成型时间为30-90s，成型温度100-130℃。
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