CN109686355A - 全频率阻声板 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种全频率阻声板，包括板体，所述板体包括依次层叠设置的隔声背板层、质量颗粒混合层、隔声板层、低频阻尼层、吸声材料层和吸声孔板层，所述板体四周设置有拼接企口，相对的两拼接企口相互配合。通过增加吸声孔板、吸声填充材料、低频阻尼、隔声板、高中低密度质量颗粒与柔性阻尼混合层、微孔薄板和隔声板有效实现全频率噪声降低，阻断高中低频的传播。我们通过技术验证，全频吸隔声板性能稳定、无共振点、吸隔声量可达到50分贝以上，尤其在低频噪声、次声波的控制效果上比常规吸隔声板效果好；有效地解决了高中低频噪声的问题，实现了环保降噪领域的全频噪声的有效降低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及隔音板材领域，尤其涉及一种全频率阻声板。
背景技术
噪声是指发声体做无规则振动时发出的声音。声音以波的形式在一定的介质(如固体、液体、气体)中进行传播。
频率是用Hz作单位。在人耳范围内是在20Hz--250Hz是低频。而高频则是10000Hz--20000Hz的声音加噪音，一般人所能听到的声音在20Hz--20000Hz之间，以下的是次声波，以上的是超声波。
机械设备噪声均为全频率的噪声，根据噪声特性分析，高频、中频、低频声音、次声波占比不尽相同。同样艇船设备噪声均为全频率噪声，根据艇船设备运行工况、负荷的变化，发出的噪声频率也会发生改变，且声波在水中的传播速度比空气中的传播速度更快，且声衰减特性更差，尤其是低频噪声、次声波的衰减难度更大。
对于中高频噪声，其解决办法是根据频率特性、声压级的大小等参数，采用吸声措施和高密度隔声材料进行复合降噪；对于中高频的衰减特性，这类复合降噪材料能够取到非常优秀的降噪效果。
对于低频噪声，其解决办法是根据低频特性、和声压级大小等参数，采用小孔吸声孔板面层，提高内部吸声材料的密度，并在复合吸隔声材料内部增加阻尼层，我们针对不同低频频率特点，根据频率比、阻尼比与传递比关系，采用相应的阻尼复合结构，可以使整个吸隔声板的低频被吸耗量大幅度提高。
由于次声波的穿透力更强、声绕射能力也更强、声衰减特性更差，且声波辐射到水介质中的波长比空气中的波长更长，传播距离更远等因素。须在声波辐射到艇船外壳的过程中和艇船外壳辐射到水中的过程中增加有效超低频降噪措施。本发明提出了一种阻尼二级浮置隔声及质量颗粒耗能降噪结构。
对于降噪的环保意义来说，主要解决人耳能感知的高频、中频、低频噪声污染问题，采用上述1.1和1.2的两项降噪方法可以很好的保护民众的生产生活声环境。
降低高频、中频、低频声音以及次声波的辐射，有利于提高艇船的声隐蔽特性。因此对开发一种全频率阻声板意义重大。
发明内容
本发明为了克服现有技术的不足，提供了一种全频率阻声板，有效地解决了高中低频噪声的问题，实现了环保降噪领域的全频噪声的有效降低。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：一种全频率阻声板，包括板体，所述板体包括依次层叠设置的隔声背板层、质量颗粒混合层、隔声板层、低频阻尼层、吸声材料层和吸声孔板层，所述板体四周设置有拼接企口，相对的两拼接企口相互配合。
作为优选，所述质量颗粒混合层包括依次层叠设置的低密度质量颗粒与柔性阻尼混合层、微孔吸声板层、中高密度质量颗粒与柔性阻尼混合层。
本发明具有以下的特点和有益效果：通过增加吸声孔板、吸声填充材料、低频阻尼、隔声板、高中低密度质量颗粒与柔性阻尼混合层、微孔薄板和隔声板有效实现全频率噪声降低，阻断高中低频的传播。我们通过技术验证，全频吸隔声板性能稳定、无共振点、吸隔声量可达到50分贝以上，尤其在低频噪声、次声波的控制效果上比常规吸隔声板效果好；有效地解决了高中低频噪声的问题，实现了环保降噪领域的全频噪声的有效降低；通过在隔声板后方增加微孔吸声薄板层，实现在低频噪声击穿前置隔声板后的再次低频噪声消耗。针对不同低频频率特点，根据频率比与传递比关系，采用相应的微孔吸声薄板，可以使整个吸隔声板的低频被吸耗量大幅度提高；通过高中低密度质量颗粒与柔性阻尼混合层，实现了复合吸隔声板的浮置，复合吸隔声板的整体浮置可视为整体式吸振体，可实现超低频声波吸振消能，有效提高了超低频的降噪效果；通过内部混合质量颗粒在声波的激发下产生微弱自振效应，进一步消耗各类频率噪声的声能量。应用于艇船时，可实现全频率声能量的有效降低，大幅度减少声波向水中辐射，具有提高艇船声隐形效果。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图中，1-隔声背板层；2-质量颗粒混合层；21-低密度质量颗粒与柔性阻尼混合层；22-微孔吸声板层；23-中高密度质量颗粒与柔性阻尼混合层；3-隔声板层；4-低频阻尼层；5-吸声材料层；6-吸声孔板层；7-拼接企口；8-板体。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明。在此需要说明的是，对于这些实施方式的说明用于帮助理解本发明，但并不构成对本发明的限定。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
如图所示，一种全频率阻声板，包括板体8，板体8包括依次层叠设置的隔声背板层1、质量颗粒混合层2、隔声板层3、低频阻尼层4、吸声材料层5和吸声孔板层6，板体1四周设置有拼接企口7，相对的两拼接企口7相互配合，起到隔音密封的效果。
质量颗粒混合层2包括依次层叠设置的低密度质量颗粒与柔性阻尼混合层21、微孔吸声板层22、中高密度质量颗粒与柔性阻尼混合层23。
以上结合附图对本发明的实施方式作了详细说明，但本发明不限于所描述的实施方式。对于本领域的技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明原理和精神的情况下，对这些实施方式进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，仍落入本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (2)
1.一种全频率阻声板，其特征在于：包括板体，所述板体包括依次层叠设置的隔声背板层、质量颗粒混合层、隔声板层、低频阻尼层、吸声材料层和吸声孔板层，所述板体四周设置有拼接企口，相对的两拼接企口相互配合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的全频率阻声板，其特征在于：所述质量颗粒混合层包括依次层叠设置的低密度质量颗粒与柔性阻尼混合层、微孔吸声板层、中高密度质量颗粒与柔性阻尼混合层。
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113628605A (zh) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-11-09 | 国电投周口燃气热电有限公司 | 一种燃气轮机现场维修用降噪装置 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113628605A (zh) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-11-09 | 国电投周口燃气热电有限公司 | 一种燃气轮机现场维修用降噪装置 |
| CN113628605B (zh) * | 2021-08-02 | 2024-03-12 | 国电投周口燃气热电有限公司 | 一种燃气轮机现场维修用降噪装置 |
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