CN109601158B - Cutting propagation method of magpie tree - Google Patents
Cutting propagation method of magpie tree Download PDFInfo
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cutting propagation method of magpie, which comprises the steps of cutting pool preparation, substrate sterilization, scion strip culture, root promotion treatment, cutting and pressing, post-cutting management, seedling transplantation and the like. The invention draws the mature experience in the asexual propagation technology of trees in forestry production in China, and carries out innovative practice in key technical links such as the design of a cuttage pool, the culture of scion wood, root promotion treatment, cuttage and press, management after cuttage and the like, thereby obtaining obvious effect. Compared with the prior art, the method is simple and easy to operate, has the advantages of fast rooting, high survival rate and the like, can realize fast seedling culture of the silver magpie trees, and has wide application prospect in forestry production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of woody plant propagation, and particularly relates to a cutting propagation method of magpie trees.
Background
In plant taxonomy, magpie (Tapiscia sinensis) belongs to the genus gallnut of the Staphyleaceae, is a quaternary glacier wiggery plant, and is a national level III key protective plant. Although the distribution is wide, the distribution is mostly sporadic. Because the compartment period of the fruiting phase is long, the natural updating capability is weak, and the resources are increasingly reduced due to artificial interference damage, the fruiting phase becomes a unique rare or endangered tree species in China.
The magpie is yellow and fragrant, yellow and bright in autumn leaves, green in spring and summer, purple in fruits and excellent in material, and is an excellent tree species for landscape and timber. In 2016, 0.5kg of plant seeds are introduced into a Huangshan natural protection area from Anhui province, Jiangsu province, forestry science research institute, and Jiangsu province, sowing and breeding tests are carried out, 5000 seedlings are successfully obtained through elaborate cultivation, and systematic research is carried out on the biological characteristics and the ecological habits of the seedlings, so that the Yinquiquan tree is proved to be attractive in posture, rapid in growth, high in ornamental value, resistant to waterlogging, cold and strong in adaptability, and is suitable for being applied and popularized in temperate areas and northern Asia tropical areas in China. The seed is sowed and propagated for multiple purposes in production, but the seed is female and male heterostrain, the seed bearing amount of the mother tree is small, the seed collection is difficult, and the requirement of industrialized production in a short time is difficult to realize. Chuan Cheng et al (2017) tried to perform cuttage propagation by NAA, 911 rooting agent and ABT rooting powder, but the rooting effect is not good, and the requirements of production seedling raising cannot be met. Therefore, efficient breeding methods are needed to meet the practical demands of production for seedling applications.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of adapting to the objective requirements of application and popularization of the current silver magpie tree in agriculture, forestry and production in China and urban and rural environment construction on seedlings, and provides a simple, effective and high-survival-rate asexual propagation technical method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a cutting propagation method of a magpie tree comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a cutting pool: building a cuttage pool and installing a spraying device, paving water-filtered pebbles at the pool bottom, paving a layer of dense-hole sunshade net on the pebbles, paving fresh river sand on the sunshade net to serve as a bottom bed, and uniformly paving cuttage matrixes on the bottom bed;
(2) matrix sterilization: after the cutting pool paved in the step (1) is exposed for 2 weeks, the cutting matrix is alternately sterilized for 2 times by using a polyoxin aqueous solution and a flusilazole aqueous solution so as to thoroughly inhibit the breeding of pathogenic bacteria;
(3) ear strip culture: selecting a 1-2 year old young tree which grows strongly as a breeding mother tree, selecting a strong sprouting branch with the thickness of 0.8-1.3 cm from the mother tree as a branch to be used, marking and carrying out transfusion nourishing;
(4) root promoting treatment: cutting down the branches to be used after 30 days of transfusion and supplementary culture in the step (3), cutting ear strips according to the length of 8-16 cm, washing the lower parts of the ear strips in running water for 6-8 hours, and dipping the lower parts of the ear strips in the mixed rooting agent for 8-10 seconds at a high speed to finish the root promoting treatment;
(5) cutting and pressing: annularly punching on a cuttage substrate according to the average plant row spacing of 3cm < 5 cm >, directly inserting the ear strips obtained in the step (4) into holes by using a direct insertion method, and ensuring that the axillary buds are upward and the top ends are exposed by 2-3 cm; and (3) compacting the matrix after the cuttage is finished to ensure that the matrix is closely connected with the scion, and then thoroughly sterilizing the matrix and the scion for 1 time by using a carbendazim aqueous solution.
(6) Managing after the insertion: and (5) starting a timing spraying device after the step (5) is finished, and carrying out bed surface moisturizing and sterilizing treatment.
(7) Transplanting seedlings: and (5) transplanting seedlings when the roots of the scion branches are rooted at the bottom of the scion branches, the number of the roots is more than 8 and the average root length exceeds 6 cm.
In the step (1), the shape of the cutting pond is circular, the radius of the inner edge of the cutting pond is 1-1.2 cm, a tap water pipeline is buried at the bottom of the cutting pond and is 40-50 cm higher than the ground, a spraying device is erected at the center, and the spraying device slowly rotates around a central bearing to ensure uniform spraying.
The spraying device is a ZXPW type mining automatic rotating spraying device and is connected with an ESP32 intelligent timer to perform timed spraying.
The thickness of the water-filtered pebble layer laid in the cuttage pool is 15-20 cm, and the thickness of the river sand layer is 6-10 cm; the cutting medium is prepared by mixing perlite, peat and vermiculite according to the weight ratio of 2.5:1: 1.
Preferably, in step (2), the polyoxin aqueous solution is composed of 10wt% polyoxin [ formula C ]17H25N5O13]The wettable powder is prepared by adding water to dilute 1000-1500 times according to mass; the flusilazole aqueous solution is prepared from 10w% flusilazole missible oil (molecular formula C)16H15F2N3Si]Adding 8000-10000 times of water according to mass; wherein the alternate sterilization method comprises sterilizing with polyoxin aqueous solution for 1 time, sterilizing with flusilazole aqueous solution for 1 time after 3 days, and the dosage of polyoxin aqueous solution and flusilazole aqueous solution is 450-600 ml.m-2。
In the step (3), the infusion nourishing method adopts a plant nutrient solution hanging bag for injection nourishing, and the formula of the plant nutrient solution is as follows: 1000ml of distilled water was added with 0.62g of ammonium nitrate, 0.70g of potassium nitrate, 0.32g of ammonium sulfate, 0.44g of monopotassium phosphate and VC0.05g and magnesium sulfate 0.10g, and the mixture was used after being stirred and mixed.
In the step (4), the preparation method of the mixed rooting agent comprises the following steps: dissolving 0.3-0.35 g of indolebutyric acid, 0.250g of alpha-phenylacetic acid, 1g of aspirin, 1.5g of bacitracin and 2g of sucrose in 30-40 mL of 95 v/v% ethanol aqueous solution, and then adding 5-10 mg of vitamin B1Adding water to 1kg, and stirring well to obtain the final product.
In the step (5), the carbendazim aqueous solution is prepared by dissolving 0.1kg of 25wt% carbendazim wettable powder in 1kg of water and stirring; wherein the carbendazim aqueous solution is used every timeThe dosage of sterilization is 300-500 ml.m-2。
In the step (6), the moisture preservation of the bed surface is set to spray for 10s every 15min in the daytime and spray for 10s every 45min at night, the temperature in the pool is kept to be 25-36 ℃, and the humidity is more than 70%; the sterilization treatment comprises alternately sterilizing 1 time every 7 days with aqueous solution of prodigiosin and aqueous solution of propamocarb; the formula of the carbendazim aqueous solution is the same as that in the step (5), and the propamocarb aqueous solution is prepared by diluting a propamocarb aqueous solution by 72.2wt% by 800-1000 times with water; the rotation sterilization method comprises the steps of sterilizing for 1 time by using the carbendazim aqueous solution, sterilizing for 1 time by using the propamocarb aqueous solution after 3 days, wherein the using amounts of the carbendazim aqueous solution and the propamocarb aqueous solution are 400-500 ml.m-2The spraying is required to be uniform without dead angles.
A single-layer sunshade net can be properly erected for proper sunshade under continuous high temperature (more than continuous 36 ℃).
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides a magpie vegetative propagation technical method, which draws the mature experience in the vegetative propagation technology of trees in forestry production in China, and carries out innovative practice in key technical links of preparation of a cuttage pool, cultivation of cuttage scion wood, root promotion treatment of the scion wood, cuttage, press bed, management after cuttage and the like, thereby obtaining obvious effect. Compared with the prior art, the method is simple and easy to operate, has the advantages of fast rooting, high survival rate and the like, can realize fast seedling culture of the silver magpie trees, and has wide application prospect in forestry production.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the following examples.
Example 1
In 2018, 4 months to 2018, 6 months, asexual propagation non-public tests of magpie trees are developed in experimental forest farms of scientific research institute of forestry in Jiangsu province, and the processes are as follows:
(1) preparing a cutting pool: leveling and impurity removing operation are carried out on a seedling raising field at the beginning of 3 months, a circular cutting pool is artificially built, the radius of the inner edge of the pool is 1-1.2 cm, the radius of the inner edge of the pool is 40 cm higher than the ground, the wall thickness is 10cm, a layer of water-filtered pebbles with the thickness of 20 cm is firstly paved at the bottom of the pool, a gauze is paved on the pebble layer, and medium-coarse sand with the thickness of 10cm is paved on the gauze. The bottom of the pool is embedded with a tap water pipeline in advance, the center is provided with a ZXPW type automatic rotating spraying device, and an ESP32 timer is installed.
(2) Matrix preparation and sterilization: the cutting medium is prepared from perlite, peat and vermiculite in a weight ratio of 2.5:1:1, and the stacking thickness of the medium is 5 cm from the edge of the pool. And (3) after the substrate is finished, solarizing for 2 weeks, and then performing disinfection and sterilization treatment, namely alternately sterilizing the cutting substrate for 1 time by using polyoxin aqueous solution and flusilazole aqueous solution so as to thoroughly inhibit the breeding of pathogenic bacteria. The sterilization method comprises sterilizing with polyoxin water solution for 1 time, sterilizing with flusilazole water solution for 1 time after 3 days, wherein the dose of polyoxin water solution and flusilazole water solution is 500 ml.m-2Uniform spraying without dead angle is required. The preparation method of the two reagents is that the polyoxin aqueous solution is prepared from 10wt% polyoxin [ molecular formula C17H25N5O13]The wettable powder is prepared by adding water for dilution by 1500 times according to the mass; the flusilazole aqueous solution is prepared from 10w% flusilazole missible oil (molecular formula C)16H15F2N3Si]Adding 10000 times of water by mass.
(3) And (3) culturing spike strips: selecting robust germinated branches with the thickness of 0.8-1.3 cm from robust 1-2 year-old young trees as cutting scions, marking and carrying out infusion and supplementary culture, namely adopting a plant nutrient solution hanging bag for injection and supplementary culture, wherein the formula of the plant nutrient solution is as follows: 1000ml of distilled water was added with 0.62g of ammonium nitrate, 0.70g of potassium nitrate, 0.32g of ammonium sulfate, 0.44g of monopotassium phosphate and VC0.05g and magnesium sulfate 0.10g, and the mixture was used after being stirred and mixed.
(4) Cutting and processing the scions: and shearing the cultured branches to be pruned, pruning according to the length of 12-16 cm, bundling the scion branches, washing the lower parts of the scion branches in running water for 6 hours, and quickly dipping the scion branches in the mixed rooting agent for 8-10 seconds to finish the root promoting treatment. The preparation method of the mixed root growth promoting agent comprises the following steps: dissolving 0.3-0.35 g of indolebutyric acid, 0.250g of alpha-phenylacetic acid, 1g of aspirin, 1.5g of bacitracin and 2g of sucrose in 30-40 mL of 95 v/v% ethanol aqueous solution, and then adding 5-10 mg of vitamin B1Dissolving in water to 1kg, and stirring.
(5) Cutting and pressing: annularly punching on a cuttage substrate according to the average plant row spacing of 3cm < 5 cm >, directly inserting the ear strips obtained in the step (4) into holes by using a direct insertion method, and ensuring that the axillary buds are upward and the top ends are exposed by 2-3 cm; compacting the substrate after the cuttage is finished to ensure the close connection between the substrate and the scion, and then thoroughly sterilizing the substrate and the scion for 1 time by using 300-500 ml.m-2. The carbendazim water solution is prepared by dissolving 0.1kg 25wt% carbendazim wettable powder in 1kg water and stirring.
(6) Managing after the insertion: after the insertion, the timing spraying device is started to carry out bed surface moisturizing and sterilization treatment. Wherein, the moisture-keeping part of the bed surface is arranged to spray for 10s every 15min in the daytime and spray for 10s every 45min at night, the temperature in the pool is kept at 25-36 ℃, and the humidity is more than 70%; the sterilization treatment comprises sterilizing with aqueous solution of carbendazim and propamocarb for 1 time every 7 days. The formula of the carbendazim aqueous solution is the same as that in the step (5), and the propamocarb aqueous solution is prepared by diluting a 72.2wt% propamocarb aqueous solution by 1000 times with water; the rotation sterilization method comprises sterilizing with carbendazim aqueous solution for 1 time, sterilizing with propamocarb aqueous solution for 1 time after 3 days, wherein the dosages of both the carbendazim aqueous solution and the propamocarb aqueous solution are 500ml m-2The spraying is required to be uniform without dead angles. A single-layer sunshade net can be properly erected for proper sunshade under continuous high temperature (more than continuous 36 ℃).
(7) Transplanting seedlings: and (5) transplanting seedlings when the roots of the scion branches are rooted at the bottom of the scion branches, the number of the roots is more than 8 and the average root length exceeds 6 cm.
(8) The practical effect is as follows: experiments show that the cuttings are less rotten, callus begins to generate 20 days after the cuttings are inserted, the cuttings sequentially root after 40 days, tender buds grow from leaf axils, the statistical rooting rate is 78.6% in 60 days, the average root length is 8.8 cm, and the average root number is 8.2. Transplanting the seedlings into the field for culture at the beginning of 6 months, wherein the transplanting survival rate is 98 percent.
Example 2
In 2018, a asexual propagation non-public test of the magpie is synchronously carried out in the same place of the scientific research institute of forestry in Jiangsu province from 4 months to 6 months. The insert bed was sterilized and the matrix was prepared according to the steps (1) to (2) in example 1. Selecting robust branches on 2-year-old young trees as cuttings, wherein the cutting length of the cuttings is 8-10 cm. And (4) carrying out root promoting treatment on the scion wood according to the step (4), and carrying out cuttage and management after cuttage according to the steps (5) to (6). The result shows that after 60 days, the rooting rate is checked to be 62%, the average root length is 7.8 cm, the average root number is 6.4, and the transplanting survival rate of the rooted seedlings reaches 95%.
Comparative example
In 2018, a asexual propagation non-public test of the magpie is synchronously carried out in the same place of the scientific research institute of forestry in Jiangsu province from 4 months to 6 months. The beds were sterilized and the media was formulated according to the procedures (1) to (2) of example 1. Selecting robust branches on 2-year-old young trees as cuttings, wherein the cutting length of the cuttings is 12-16 cm. And (4) soaking the cutting slips in tap water for 4 hours, then directly cutting the cutting slips on a seedling bed, and performing conventional management on the cutting slips and the management after the cutting slips according to the steps (5) to (6). The result shows that the cutting callus is slowly formed, the rooting rate is detected to be less than 10 percent after 40 days, the average root length is 4.8 cm, the average root number is 3, and the transplanting survival rate of the rooted seedling is lower than 20 percent.
The invention provides a thought and a method for cutting and breeding a magpie, and a method and a way for realizing the technical scheme are many, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, a plurality of improvements and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the invention, and these improvements and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the invention. All the components not specified in the present embodiment can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (1)
1. A cutting propagation method of a magpie tree is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a cutting pool: building a cuttage pool and installing a spraying device, paving water-filtered pebbles at the pool bottom, paving a layer of dense-hole sunshade net on the pebbles, paving fresh river sand on the sunshade net to serve as a bottom bed, and uniformly paving cuttage matrixes on the bottom bed;
(2) matrix sterilization: after the cutting pool paved in the step (1) is exposed for 2 weeks, the cutting matrix is alternately sterilized for 2 times by using a polyoxin aqueous solution and a flusilazole aqueous solution so as to thoroughly inhibit the breeding of pathogenic bacteria;
(3) ear strip culture: selecting a 1-2 year old young tree which grows strongly as a breeding mother tree, selecting a strong sprouting branch with the thickness of 0.8-1.3 cm from the mother tree as a branch to be used, marking and carrying out transfusion nourishing;
(4) root promoting treatment: cutting down the branches to be used after 30 days of transfusion and supplementary culture in the step (3), cutting ear strips according to the length of 8-16 cm, washing the lower parts of the ear strips in running water for 6-8 hours, and dipping the lower parts of the ear strips in the mixed rooting agent for 8-10 seconds at a high speed to finish the root promoting treatment;
(5) cutting and pressing: annularly punching on a cuttage substrate according to the average plant row spacing of 3cm < 5 cm >, directly inserting the ear strips obtained in the step (4) into holes by using a direct insertion method, and ensuring that the axillary buds are upward and the top ends are exposed by 2-3 cm; compacting the substrate after the cuttage is finished to ensure that the substrate is closely connected with the scion, and then thoroughly sterilizing the substrate and the scion for 1 time by using a carbendazim aqueous solution;
(6) managing after the insertion: starting a timing spraying device after the step (5) is finished, and carrying out bed surface moisturizing and sterilizing treatment;
(7) transplanting seedlings: transplanting seedlings when the roots of the scion roots are more than 8 and the average root length is more than 6 cm;
in the step (1), the thickness of the water-filtered pebble layer laid in the cutting pond is 15-20 cm, and the thickness of the river sand layer is 6-10 cm; the cutting medium is prepared by mixing perlite, peat and vermiculite according to the weight ratio of 2.5:1: 1;
in the step (3), the infusion nourishing method adopts a plant nutrient solution hanging bag for injection nourishing, and the formula of the plant nutrient solution is as follows: 1000ml of distilled water was added with 0.62g of ammonium nitrate, 0.70g of potassium nitrate, 0.32g of ammonium sulfate, 0.44g of monopotassium phosphate and VC0.05g and 0.10g of magnesium sulfate, and the components are uniformly stirred and used;
in the step (4), the preparation method of the mixed rooting agent comprises the following steps: dissolving 0.3-0.35 g of indolebutyric acid, 0.250g of alpha-phenylacetic acid, 1g of aspirin, 1.5g of bacitracin and 2g of sucrose in 30-40 mL of 95 v/v% ethanol aqueous solution, and then adding 5-10 mg of vitamin B1Adding water to 1kg, and stirring uniformly to obtain the product;
in the step (1), the shape of the cuttage pool is circular, the radius of the inner edge of the cuttage pool is 1-1.2 cm, the cuttage pool is 40-50 cm higher than the ground, a tap water pipeline is buried at the bottom of the cuttage pool, a central spraying device is erected, and the spraying device slowly rotates around a central bearing to ensure uniform spraying;
in the step (1), a ZXPW type mining automatic rotary spraying device is selected as the spraying device, and an ESP32 intelligent timer is connected to perform timed spraying;
in the step (2), the polyoxin aqueous solution is prepared by diluting 10wt% polyoxin wettable powder by adding water for 1000-1500 times according to the mass; the flusilazole aqueous solution is prepared by adding 8000-10000 times of 10w% flusilazole missible oil by mass; wherein the alternate sterilization method comprises sterilizing with polyoxin aqueous solution for 1 time, sterilizing with flusilazole aqueous solution for 1 time after 3 days, and the dosage of polyoxin aqueous solution and flusilazole aqueous solution is 450-600 ml.m-2；
In the step (5), the carbendazim aqueous solution is prepared by dissolving 0.1kg of 25wt% carbendazim wettable powder in 1kg of water and stirring; wherein the dosage of the carbendazim aqueous solution for each sterilization is 300-500 ml.m-2；
In the step (6), the moisture preservation of the bed surface is set to spray for 10s every 15min in the daytime and spray for 10s every 45min at night, the temperature in the pool is kept to be 25-36 ℃, and the humidity is more than 70%; sterilizing by alternately sterilizing 1 time every 7 days with carbendazim aqueous solution and propamocarb aqueous solution; the formula of the carbendazim aqueous solution is the same as that in the step (5), and the propamocarb aqueous solution is prepared by diluting a propamocarb aqueous solution by 72.2wt% by 800-1000 times with water; the rotation sterilization method comprises the steps of sterilizing for 1 time by using the carbendazim aqueous solution, sterilizing for 1 time by using the propamocarb aqueous solution after 3 days, wherein the using amounts of the carbendazim aqueous solution and the propamocarb aqueous solution are 400-500 ml.m-2。
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