CN109563727A - 具有聚碳酸酯层的双层窗户 - Google Patents

具有聚碳酸酯层的双层窗户 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109563727A
CN109563727A CN201780049717.7A CN201780049717A CN109563727A CN 109563727 A CN109563727 A CN 109563727A CN 201780049717 A CN201780049717 A CN 201780049717A CN 109563727 A CN109563727 A CN 109563727A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
layer
polycarbonate
vacuum
window
glassy
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN201780049717.7A
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English (en)
Inventor
金宽镐
郑相秀
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of CN109563727A publication Critical patent/CN109563727A/zh
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Abstract

本发明涉及具有聚碳酸酯层的双层窗户，具体地涉及通过由外部玻璃层及内部聚碳酸酯层形成来提高绝热性及耐震性的具有聚碳酸酯层的双层窗户。具有聚碳酸酯层的双层窗户包括：玻璃层(11)，用于形成外部层；聚碳酸酯层(12)，用于形成内部层；真空层(VL)，形成于玻璃层(11)与聚碳酸酯层(12)之间；以及密封单元(13a、13b)，使玻璃层(11)与聚碳酸酯层(12)相结合，并密封真空层(VL)。

Description

具有聚碳酸酯层的双层窗户
技术领域
本发明涉及具有聚碳酸酯层的双层窗户，具体地，涉及通过由外部玻璃层及内部聚碳酸酯层形成来提高绝热性及耐震性的具有聚碳酸酯层的双层窗户。
背景技术
作为室内换气及采光单元的窗户可由能够确保透光性及绝热性的多种材料形成，通常，可由作为透明材料的玻璃形成。但是，玻璃材料的绝热性低，因此，为了弥补这种不足之处，能够以双层结构制造窗户。例如，在两个玻璃层之间形成干燥空气层，形成有银涂膜的双层结构窗设置于多种结构物。另一方面，玻璃材料的窗在建筑物内部的制冷或制热过程中会导致热量损失大。为了解决上述问题，可使用低辐射(Low-Emissivity)玻璃，低辐射玻璃在玻璃表面涂敷类似金属的物质，以此提高红外线反射率来降低热量的移动。并且，为了防止因玻璃破损而引起安全事故，可以使用钢化玻璃等的通过特殊方法制作的玻璃。
专利授权号第10-0996657号揭示了多层玻璃结构体，即，上述多层玻璃结构体包括：水平框架及垂直框架，形成窗框；支撑杆，在上述水平框架及垂直框架的外壁面沿着垂直方向突出，支撑形成有间隔的状态下的双玻璃；以及四边形剖面的托架形状固定部，以与上述双玻璃隔着规定间隔设置一个以上的追加玻璃的方式使得水平框架及垂直框架沿着长度方向平行突出的一侧面开放。
专利授权号第10-1660517号揭示了绝热方法玻璃，即，上述绝热方法玻璃包括：第一玻璃板；合成树脂板，与第一玻璃板隔开设置；第二玻璃板，与合成树脂板隔开设置；杆棒材料，介于在第一玻璃板与合成树脂板之间及合成树脂板与第二玻璃板之间的外围边缘侧，用于使玻璃板与合成树脂板隔开规定间隔。
专利公开号第10-2013-0108501号揭示了多层窗结构，上述多层窗结构包括：由玻璃形成的一侧窗板；中空环形态的隔板，由聚碳酸酯形成，沿着上述一侧窗板及另一侧窗板的各自的周围配置，在上述一侧窗板与上述另一侧窗板之间，在空气层侧的侧壁形成孔；以及第一次密封材料，沿着上述一侧窗板及上述另一侧窗板的周围配置，由配置于上述一侧窗板与上述隔板之间及上述另一侧窗板与上述隔片之间的厚度为0.5mm以上且宽度为6mm以上的弹性体形成。
上述现有技术或公知的多层结构或双重结构窗的结构复杂，制作成本上升，与此同时，耐震性或耐冲击性差。
本发明用于解决现有技术中所存在的问题，本发明具有如下目的。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明的目的在于，提供如下的一种具有聚碳酸酯层的双层窗户，即，通过在玻璃层与聚碳酸酯层之间形成真空层来提高绝热性、施工效率、耐冲击性及耐震性。
解决问题的方案
根据本发明的适当实施方式，具有聚碳酸酯层的双层窗户包括：玻璃层，用于形成外部层；聚碳酸酯层，用于形成内部层；真空层，形成于玻璃层与聚碳酸酯层之间；以及密封单元，使玻璃层与聚碳酸酯层相结合，并密封真空层。
根据本发明的再一适当实施方式，真空层由多孔性真空材料层形成。
根据本发明的另一适当实施方式，本发明还包括形成于聚碳酸酯层的一侧面的氧化铝层。
根据本发明的还有一适当实施方式，聚碳酸酯层由密度为0.35g/cm3至1.10g/cm3且泡孔(cell)的大小为5.0μm至18.0μm的聚碳酸酯微泡(foam)形成。
发明的效果
本发明的窗户呈现出玻璃材料所具有的优点和聚碳酸酯材料所具有的优点。由于内部层由聚碳酸酯材料形成，因而，本发明的窗户的制作及施工变得简单。本发明的窗户通过在玻璃层与聚碳酸酯层之间形成真空层来提高绝热性。并且，本发明的窗户通过玻璃及聚碳酸酯微泡材料形成窗户来提高耐震性及耐冲击性。
附图说明
图1示出本发明的窗户的实施例。
图2示出本发明的窗户的再一实施例。
图3示出适用于本发明的窗户的真空吸入设备的实施例。
具体实施方式
以下，通过参照图中揭示的实施例，详细说明本发明，实施例用于明确理解本发明，而本发明并不局限于此。在以下的说明中，由于在不同附图中的具有相同附图标记的结构要素具有类似的功能，因此，为了理解本发明，在不必要的情况下不会重复说明，公知的结构要素可以被简单说明或被省略，但并不表示从本发明的实施例中排除。
图1示出本发明的窗户的实施例。
参照图1，具有聚碳酸酯层的窗户包括：玻璃层11，用于形成外部层；聚碳酸酯层12，用于形成内部层；真空层VL，形成于玻璃层11与聚碳酸酯层12之间；以及密封单元13a、13b，使玻璃层11与聚碳酸酯层12相结合，并密封真空层VL。
本发明的窗户可适用于多种形态的建筑物，可呈多层或双层窗户结构。窗户可以开闭或者可以被固定，窗户可设置于具有多种结构的窗框。
通常，玻璃层11可由普通玻璃、钢化玻璃或复合玻璃等的用于窗户的多种形态的材质形成，且可具有适当透明度。玻璃层11可形成与外部环境(OUT)相接触的外部层，可具有适当厚度。形成与室内环境(IN)相接触的内部层的聚碳酸酯层12可通过聚碳酸酯或聚碳酸酯微泡形成。聚碳酸酯可以是密度为1.20～1.22g/cm3、导热系数为0.19～0.22W/(m·K)、线性膨胀系数为65-70×10-6/K、折射率为1.584～1.586及比热为1.2～1.3kJ/(kg·K)的合成树脂材料。聚碳酸酯的机械强度高，与玻璃相比，重量较轻，且具有透明性和耐热性。只是，因表面强度低而会容易产生裂痕。
适用于本发明的窗户的聚碳酸酯层12的厚度可以为1mm至15mm，通过玻璃层11，可呈现薄的厚度，例如，玻璃层11的厚度为4/5至1/10，但并不局限于此。为了弥补聚碳酸酯的表面硬度，通过具有透光性的金属涂敷聚碳酸酯的表面或者通过金属膜来保护聚碳酸酯表面。例如，聚碳酸酯的表面被1.0μm至100μm的氧化铝(Al2O3)涂敷，或者通过氧化铝膜涂敷。例如，氧化铝涂敷通过平均直径为0.1μm至0.9μm的粉末形态的氧化铝来实现，氧化铝膜通过在透明合成树脂材料涂敷具有在上述内容中提及的直径的氧化铝粉末而成。对于聚碳酸酯的表面的金属涂层的形成或金属膜层的形成可通过多种方法实现，但并不局限于本发明所揭示的实施例。
根据本发明，聚碳酸酯层12可由聚碳酸酯微泡形成，聚碳酸酯微泡可通过以二氧化碳使将聚碳酸酯粒子发泡而成。例如，在20℃至30℃的饱和温度和2MPa至6MPa的压力中，通过超临界二氧化碳发泡，密度变为0.35g/cm3至1.10g/cm3，并形成泡孔的大小为5.0μm至18.0μm的聚碳酸酯微泡。在聚碳酸酯层12由聚碳酸酯微泡形成的情况下，聚碳酸酯层12相对变薄并实现轻量化。泡孔的大小越大，形成聚碳酸酯层12的聚碳酸酯微泡的绝热性增加且导热系数降低。并且，气孔越大，可视光线透过性增加。例如，在玻璃层11的厚度为1/3至1/2，密度变为0.70g/cm3至0.80g/cm3，泡孔的大小或直径为8μm至12μm的情况下，绝热性及透光性相对优秀。并且，通过30μm至80μm的氧化铝涂敷聚碳酸酯层12的内部面，从而使表面硬度得到提高。可在玻璃层11与聚碳酸酯层12之间形成真空层VL，例如，真空层VL的厚度可以为0.1mm至1.0mm。在本说明书中，例如，真空层意味着维持0.1bar以下的气体压力的状态，优选地，维持0.01bar以下的压力的状态，更优选地，维持0.001bar以下的压力的状态。真空状态可通过对玻璃层11和聚碳酸酯层12的两侧边缘进行密封的密封单元13a、13b维持。对应地，真空层VL可以与聚碳酸酯层12一同形成。例如，聚碳酸酯层12的外部与多孔气相二氧化硅等的材料层相结合，从而形成真空层VL并进行密封。而且，真空层VL的一侧面与玻璃层11相结合，从而可形成本发明的双层窗户。
参照图1中的(二)部分，外部光L透过玻璃层向真空层VL传递。而且，通过真空层VL实现绝热，使得热量不会向聚碳酸酯层传递，使得光的一部分被反射，大部分的光透过聚碳酸酯层12向室内传递。根据需要，可在聚碳酸酯层12的外侧配置光吸收层14。例如，光吸收层14可由能够吸收紫外线或红外线的膜或光散射结构形成。例如，光吸收层14可呈压花结构，由此，紫外线或红外线被散射并变换为热量，在聚碳酸酯层12的前侧形成热帘。由此，提高绝热性。
玻璃层11及聚碳酸酯层12以多种结构相互结合来形成提高绝热效果的真空层VL。
图2示出本发明的窗户的另一实施例。
参照图2中的(一)部分，玻璃层11与聚碳酸酯层12之间的真空层可由气相二氧化硅层等的真空材料层21形成。真空材料层21可由形成多个气孔的气相二氧化硅(FumedSilica)材料形成，例如，可通过具有通过包含Al、Mg或Fe等的金属的黏土质的粘结剂来相互结合的1nm至200nm的空隙或具有0.1μm至1.0μm的平均直径的气相二氧化硅形成。如上所述，真空材料层21的厚度可以为0.1mm至1mm，在通过气相二氧化硅等的多孔性材料形成真空层的情况下，真空材料层21的厚度可以为0.3mm至2.0mm。若形成真空材料层21，则可在真空材料层21的表面形成多孔粘结层AL。例如，多孔粘结层AL可由合成树脂材料形成，可形成分离合成树脂材料的粘结剂的形状，或通过形成分离粘结区域来形成。多孔粘结层AL可以不受限制地透光，可具有能够粘结玻璃层11的性质。而且，可在多孔粘结层AL粘结玻璃层11，在周围面可配置密封单元13a、13b。例如，可通过使得形成于密封单元13a、13b的真空形成通路131与泵等的单元相连接并进行工作，以此形成真空材料层21的空气。之后，通过真空形成通路131的密封，使得真空材料层21的内部处于真空状态。而且，如上所述，光吸收层14可形成于聚碳酸酯层12的外部。
参照图2中的(二)部分，两个吸光层141、142可形成于聚碳酸酯层12的外部。例如，吸光层141、142可由红外线吸收层和紫外线吸收层形成，可具有不同形态的压花等的表面突出结构。而且，通过不同表面突出结构，光的散射特性增加，由此，吸光层141、142可具有热帘功能。吸光层141、142可与真空材料层21相结合，真空材料层21可通过具有之前说明的填充功能的气相二氧化硅材料形成。若具有填充功能的气相二氧化硅材料的真空材料层21与吸光层141、142相结合，真空材料层21的一侧面具有透光性，与此同时，可通过无法使气体透过的二氧化硅或丙烯酸粘合剂等的阻断粘结剂CL密封。而且，聚碳酸酯层12、吸光层141、142及真空材料层21的周围面可被密封粘结剂22a、22b密封。与此同时，真空材料层21处于真空状态，同时，真空材料层21可以被密封。阻断粘结剂CL或密封粘结22a、22b具有气体不透性，阻断粘结剂CL可由透明材料形成。阻断粘结剂CL或密封粘结剂22a、22b的厚度可以为1μm至20μm，但并不局限于此。若通过上述方法来以使得聚碳酸酯12与真空层相结合的形态形成真空聚碳酸酯模块，则可以与玻璃层11相结合。玻璃层11可通过阻断粘结剂CL来与真空材料层21相结合，之后，通过密封单元13a、13b坚固地结合。密封单元13a、13b可由合成树脂或金属材料形成，可呈可与窗框相结合的结构。而且，如上所述，通过内部层由聚碳酸酯材料形成，来提高耐冲击性或耐震性，与此同时，可通过真空层或粘结层来提高这种功能。
本发明的真空层可呈多种结构，并不局限于所揭示的实施例。
图3示出适用于本发明的窗户的真空吸入设备的实施例。
参照图3，形成于玻璃层11与聚碳酸酯层12之间的真空层VL通过真空吸入设备形成真空状态或者可维持真空状态。
真空吸入设备可包括：密封本体31，呈气缸形状，在内部形成气缸空间311；工作活塞32，以可移动的方式与气缸空间311相结合；固定部件34，与工作活塞32的前侧相结合；长度变形弹性单元33，与长度变形弹性单元32的前侧相结合；以及流入调节单元35、35a，配置于长度变形弹性单元33的末端部分，被固定部件34限制移动。
在密封本体31的外部周围面可形成紧贴叶片312，向气缸形状的工作活塞32的长度方向，沿着中心线形成气体流动路径AP。气体流动路径AP的两侧末端处于开启状态，以可使气体流动的方式与形成于密封本体31的排出空间313相结合。固定部件34与工作活塞32可形成为一体，固定部件34的壁面一侧末端部分可紧贴于连接模块CM的壁面W，例如，可由伸缩性材料形成。可在固定部件34的内部形成气体流动路径，可通过球形的第一流入调节单元35或第二流入调节单元35a进行开闭。
可在玻璃层11的一侧末端部分配置真空形成块VB，真空形成块VB的一侧壁面W与真空层VB相接。可通过固定部件34的一侧末端壁面W向真空层VL的内部流入。在未从外部施加压力的状态下，通过第一流入调节单元35或第二流入调节单元35a来使固定部件34处于开启状态。在此状态下，通过真空泵等的单元来使排出空间313、气缸空间311与工作活塞32之间的结合空间、其他流动路径AP处于真空状态。而且，由此，存在于真空层VL的内部的空气向第一流入调节单元35或第二流入调节单元35a施加压力并经过气体流动路径AP来通过气体排出空间313向外部排出。第二流入调节单元35a的一侧部分呈圆锥形，沿着圆锥形的末端部分，以气缸形状延伸，呈在固定部件34的气体流动路径的内部形成缝隙并被收容的结构。
真空吸入设备的整体或一部分可固定于窗户。并且，真空吸入设备可呈多种结构，真空层VL也可通过多种方法形成。
本发明的窗户呈现出玻璃材料所具有的优点和聚碳酸酯所具有的优点。由于内部层由聚碳酸酯材料形成，因此，本发明的窗户的制作及施工变得容易。本发明的窗户通过在玻璃层与聚碳酸酯层之间形成真空层来提高绝热性。并且，本发明的窗户通过由玻璃及聚碳酸酯微泡材料形成，从而提高耐震性及耐冲击性。
以上，参照所揭示的实施例，详细说明了本发明，本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员可在不脱离本发明的技术思想的范围内参照实施例来进行多种变形及修改。本发明并不局限于如上所述的变形及修改发明，只是被本发明的发明要求保护范围限定。
产业上的可利用性
本发明的窗户呈现玻璃材料所具有的优点和聚碳酸酯所具有的优点。

Claims (4)

1.一种具有聚碳酸酯层的双层窗户，其特征在于，包括：
玻璃层(11)，用于形成外部层；
聚碳酸酯层(12)，用于形成内部层；
真空层(VL)，形成于玻璃层(11)与聚碳酸酯层(12)之间；以及
密封单元(13a、13b)，使玻璃层(11)与聚碳酸酯层(12)相结合，并密封真空层(VL)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有聚碳酸酯层的双层窗户，其特征在于，真空层(VL)由多孔性真空材料层(21)形成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有聚碳酸酯层的双层窗户，其特征在于，还包括形成于聚碳酸酯层(12)的一侧面的氧化铝层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的具有聚碳酸酯层的双层窗户，其特征在于，聚碳酸酯层(12)由密度为0.35g/cm3至1.10g/cm3且由泡孔的大小为5.0μm至18.0μm的聚碳酸酯微泡形成。
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