CN109553411A - 一种高击穿场强钛酸铜锶钙介电陶瓷材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高击穿场强钛酸铜锶钙介电陶瓷材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109553411A
CN109553411A CN201910095081.0A CN201910095081A CN109553411A CN 109553411 A CN109553411 A CN 109553411A CN 201910095081 A CN201910095081 A CN 201910095081A CN 109553411 A CN109553411 A CN 109553411A
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张建花
吝伶艳
刘玉倩
李卓晓
郑杰诚
宋建成
李媛媛
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Abstract

本发明公开一种高击穿场强钛酸铜锶钙(CSCTO)介电陶瓷材料及其制备方法。本陶瓷材料的组成为Ca1‑xSrxCu3Ti4O12(0<x<1)。CSCTO粉体用溶胶凝胶法合成。具体工艺为:以硝酸铜、硝酸钙、硝酸锶、钛酸四丁酯为原料,按照各化学元素的计量比进行称量配料;以无水乙醇为溶剂;调节溶液的pH值为3~5;将上述溶胶置于水浴锅中,不断搅拌至形成干凝胶;利用电炉和马弗炉除去干凝胶中的有机物,形成CSCTO前驱体粉末;之后进行加胶、研磨、造粒、压片,制成陶瓷胚体,再把胚体放入马弗炉内烧结;在炉内自然冷却至室温,得到CSCTO介电陶瓷。该CSCTO陶瓷的击穿场强可提高至52.50 kV/cm,在高压电容等领域具有广泛的应用前景。

Description

一种高击穿场强钛酸铜锶钙介电陶瓷材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于电介质陶瓷合成技术领域,具体涉及一种高击穿场强钛酸铜锶钙介电陶瓷材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前,随着电子技术对器件高集成度和高可靠性要求的进一步提高,高介电常数材料成为人们关注的热点。钛酸铜钙(CaCu3Ti4O12,简称CCTO)为钙钛矿立方晶系结构,是近年来最具有代表性的新型高介电常数材料,该材料的介电常数高达到104~105,在很宽的温度和频率范围内保持稳定,且CCTO不会出现铁电-顺电相变;另外,CCTO制备工艺简单,烧结温度不高,具有工业化生产的潜在优势。良好的综合性能,使CCTO很有希望替代传统的介电陶瓷材料,在高密度能量存储、高介电电容器等一系列高新技术领域中具有很好的应用前景。
目前,国内外的许多研究结果表明:室温下,CCTO的击穿场强较低,普遍在2 kV/cm以下。(B. Cheng, Y.H. Lin, W. Deng, J.N. Cai, J.L. Lan, C.W. Nan, X. Xiao,J.L. He, Dielectric and nonlinear electrical behaviors of Ce-doped CaCu3Ti4O12ceramics, J Electroceram (2012) 29:250-253.)。国内外的学者的相关研究中,一种钛酸锆铜镉巨介电陶瓷材料CdCu3Zr0.05Ti3.95O12的击穿场强达到1530 V/cm,同时1 kHz下,其相对介电常数为15082 (晁小练,彭战辉,杨祖培,梁朋飞.一种高击穿场强钛酸锆铜镉巨介电陶瓷材料及其制备方法:中国, 201710593564.4 [P].2017.09.29.)。另外,一种双钙钛矿复相陶瓷Y2x/3Ca1-xCu3Ti4O12的击穿场强达到了11.24 kV/cm(J.Y. Li, K.N. Wu, R.Jia, L.L. Hou, L. Gao, S.T. Li, Towards enhanced varistor property and lowerdielectric loss of CaCu3Ti4O12 based ceramics, Mater. Des. (2016) 92:546-551.)。而固相烧结法制备的Ca0.5Sr0.5Cu3Ti4O12陶瓷的击穿场强达到了24.52 kV/cm,但其介电常数1kHz下大幅度下降至1000以下 (Z. Tang, Y. Huang, K.N. Wu, J.Y. Li,Significantly enhanced breakdown field in Ca1-xSrxCu3Ti4O12 ceramics bytailoring donor densities, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. (2018) 38:1569-1575. )。
然而,在实际应用中,电介质材料的击穿场强一般需要控制在10 kV/cm以上。过低的击穿场强必然会限制CCTO陶瓷的应用范围,严重制约CCTO 陶瓷的应用前景。因此,在保持高介电常数的同时,如何有效地提高击穿场强成为目前CCTO材料研究领域一个亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
针对上述现有CCTO产品击穿场强较低的技术问题,本发明提供了一种高击穿场强钛酸铜锶钙(CSCTO)介电陶瓷材料,并且提供了该CSCTO介电陶瓷的制备方法,可在保持介电常数仍处于较高水平时,显著提高CCTO陶瓷的击穿场强。
为达到以上目的,本发明是采取如下技术方案予以实现:
(1) 一种高击穿场强CSCTO巨介电陶瓷材料,其化学式为Ca1-xSrxCu3Ti4O12,其中0<x<1。优选的,0.3≤x≤0.6。更优选的,x=0.5。
(2) 上述CSCTO材料的制备步骤为:
A.CSCTO陶瓷前驱体粉末的制备。根据Ca1-xSrxCu3Ti4O12的化学计量比称取硝酸铜、硝酸钙、硝酸锶与柠檬酸等原料,倒入无水乙醇中,不断搅拌使原料充分溶解,形成A溶液。将钛酸四丁酯倒入无水乙醇中,不断搅拌使其充分溶解,形成B溶液。保持A溶液不断搅拌的同时,将B溶液缓慢倒入A溶液中,形成溶胶。将聚乙二醇加入到溶胶中,搅拌至完全溶解;把溶液放入恒温80 ℃的水浴锅中不断搅拌,加入氨水调节溶液的pH值为3~5,后使之形成凝胶。将凝胶放入到蒸发皿中,用电炉对其进行去除有机物处理,形成CSCTO陶瓷前驱体粉末;所述柠檬酸物质的量为硝酸铜、硝酸钙、硝酸锶和钛酸四丁酯中金属阳离子(Ca2+、Cu2+、Ti4+,Sr2+)摩尔数之和。经试验测量,前述氨水调节溶液pH值下的CSCTO陶瓷具有最小损耗。柠檬酸的用量是经过大量实验总结出的,确保CSCTO陶瓷具有较高的击穿场强;柠檬酸不足或者过量均可导致CSCTO陶瓷击穿场强下降。
B. CSCTO陶瓷的制备。把前驱体粉末倒入玛瑙研钵中,并加入前驱体粉末3%质量的PVA粘合剂,充分研磨,过筛造粒,后放入干燥箱中干燥。称取制得的适量粉末放入模具中压片,制得CSCTO陶瓷胚体。陶瓷胚体放入马弗炉中,在1000~1100 ℃保温烧结。烧结结束后,在炉内自然冷却至室温。所述烧结温度既能使得晶粒开始均匀生长,又不会使得晶粒过度长大或者熔融。
本发明采用溶胶凝胶法制备与CCTO结构及性能相近的CSCTO介电陶瓷,制备方法操作简单、重复性好、成品率高,且所制备的CSCTO陶瓷的击穿场强可提高至11~52 kV/cm,同时室温下介电常数在1kHz时为3900~6200,具有高击穿场强与高介电常数的特点,综合性能优良,可以实现电容元器件的小型化,也可以用于过电压保护装置,在高压电容等领域具有广泛的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为不同配比的CSCTO介电陶瓷试样的XRD图;
图2为不同配比的CSCTO介电陶瓷试样的J-E曲线;
图3为不同配比的CSCTO介电陶瓷试样的介电常数频谱图;
图4为不同配比的CSCTO介电陶瓷试样的介电损耗频谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进一步说明。下述说明仅仅是实例性的,而不限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
根据Ca1-xSrxCu3Ti4O12中,x取值0.3,称取硝酸钙、硝酸锶、硝酸铜、柠檬酸分别为6.6790 g、2.5398 g、29.2848 g、67.5827 g,将其倒入装有300 ml无水乙醇的烧杯中,不断搅拌使其充分溶解,形成A液。用烧杯称取55.0012 g钛酸四丁酯,然后向此烧杯中加入100ml的无水乙醇,搅拌使其充分溶解,形成B液。在不断搅拌A液的同时,沿着玻璃棒缓慢加入B液,形成溶胶;待其混合均匀后,加入1.8 ml的聚乙二醇;然后把溶胶放到80 ℃的水浴锅中,保持搅拌棒150~200 rpm进行搅拌,形成凝胶。在此期间加入氨水调节溶液的pH值为3~5。把凝胶倒入蒸发皿中再放到电炉上保持300~400 ℃除去凝胶中的有机物;然后再放入到马弗炉中750 ℃高温预烧2 h,形成CSCTO陶瓷前驱体粉末。
把CSCTO陶瓷前驱体粉末放入玛瑙研钵中,并加入前驱体粉末3%质量的PVA粘合剂,研磨2~3 h,再把其过120目筛,最后将其放入120℃干燥箱中干燥10 min;称取3.2 g粉体放入模具中,用300 MPa压强压制成圆片。把压好的圆片放入马弗炉中内,先以2 ℃/min的升温速率上升到100 ℃保温10 min进行除湿干燥,然后以5 ℃/min的升温速率上升到600 ℃保温1 h进行排胶,最后以10 ℃/min的升温速率上升到1050 ℃保温12 h进行烧结。烧结结束后,在炉内自然冷却至室温,得到CSCTO陶瓷。
在烧结好的CSCTO陶瓷样品表面涂上银浆,然后在马弗炉内500℃保温0.5 h完成镀银,最后进行介电性能的测量。得到了高击穿场强CSCTO介电陶瓷材料,其击穿场强可提高至11.50 kV/cm,同时室温下介电常数在1kHz时为6200。如表1所示。
实施例2
根据Ca1-xSrxCu3Ti4O12中,x取值0.4,称取硝酸钙、硝酸锶、硝酸铜、柠檬酸分别为5.7248 g、3.3864 g、29.2848 g、67.5827 g,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到高击穿场强CSCTO介电陶瓷材料,其击穿场强可提高至26.00 kV/cm,同时室温下介电常数在1kHz时为4892。如表1所示。
实施例3
根据Ca1-xSrxCu3Ti4O12中,x取值0.5,称取硝酸钙、硝酸锶、硝酸铜、柠檬酸分别为4.7707g、4.2330 g、29.2848 g、67.5827 g,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到高击穿场强CSCTO介电陶瓷材料,其击穿场强可提高至52.50 kV/cm,同时室温下介电常数在1kHz时为3902。如表1所示。
实施例4
根据Ca1-xSrxCu3Ti4O12中,x取值0.6,称取硝酸钙、硝酸锶、硝酸铜、柠檬酸分别为3.8166g、5.0796 g、29.2848g、67.5827g,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到高击穿场强CSCTO介电陶瓷材料,其击穿场强可提高至91.40 kV/cm,同时室温下介电常数在1kHz时为2045。如表1所示。

Claims (5)

1.一种高击穿场强钛酸铜锶钙介电陶瓷材料,其特征在于,其化学式为:Ca1- xSrxCu3Ti4O12,其中0<x<1。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种高击穿场强钛酸铜锶钙介电陶瓷材料,其特征在于,0.3≤x≤0.6。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种高击穿场强钛酸铜锶钙介电陶瓷材料,其特征在于,x=0.5。
4.一种高击穿场强钛酸铜锶钙介电陶瓷材料的制备方法,用于制备如权利要求1~3任一项所述的高击穿场强钛酸铜锶钙介电陶瓷材料,其特征在于,所述制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
(1)根据Ca1-xSrxCu3Ti4O12的化学计量比称取硝酸铜、硝酸钙、硝酸锶与柠檬酸原料,倒入无水乙醇中,不断搅拌使其充分溶解,形成A溶液;将钛酸四丁酯倒入无水乙醇中,不断搅拌使其溶解均匀,形成B溶液;保持A溶液不断搅拌的同时,将B溶液缓慢倒入A溶液中,形成溶胶;将聚乙二醇加入到溶胶中,搅拌至完全溶解;把溶液放入恒温水浴锅中不断搅拌,加入氨水调节溶液的pH值为3~5,使之形成凝胶;将凝胶放入到蒸发皿中,用电炉对其进行去除有机物处理,再用马弗炉进行高温预烧,形成CSCTO陶瓷前驱体粉末;所述柠檬酸物质的量为硝酸铜、硝酸钙、硝酸锶和钛酸四丁酯中金属阳离子摩尔数之和;
(2)把前驱体粉末倒入玛瑙研钵中,并加入前驱体粉末3%质量的PVA粘合剂,充分研磨,过筛造粒,后放入干燥箱中干燥;称取制得的适量粉末放入模具中压片,制得CSCTO陶瓷胚体;陶瓷胚体放入马弗炉中在1000~1100 ℃进行烧结;在烧结结束后,在炉内自然冷却至室温,得到Ca1-xSrxCu3Ti4O12(0<x<1)介电陶瓷。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种高击穿场强钛酸铜锶钙介电陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中将凝胶放入到蒸发皿中,用电炉保持300~400 ℃对其进行去除有机物处理,再放到马弗炉进行750 ℃高温预烧2 h,形成CSCTO陶瓷前驱体粉末;
步骤(2)中研磨2~3 h,再把研磨产物过120目筛,最后将过筛后的粉体放入120℃干燥箱中干燥10 min;称取适量粉体放入模具中,用300 MPa压强压制成圆片;把压好的圆片放入马弗炉中内,先以2 ℃/min的升温速率上升到100 ℃保温10 min进行除湿干燥,然后以5℃/min的升温速率上升到600 ℃保温1 h进行排胶,最后以10 ℃/min的升温速率上升到1050 ℃保温12 h进行烧结。
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