CN1095468C - 从大豆豆粕中分离并精制大豆异黄酮的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种从大豆豆粕中分离并精制大豆异黄酮的方法,首先将大豆豆粕粉碎,以食用酒精为萃取剂,对豆粕进行三级逆流萃取,对萃取液用减压蒸馏法进行浓缩,用层析法对浓缩后的萃取液进行纯化和精制,将精制后的萃取液进行减压浓缩,干燥,粉碎,即为成品。本发明的方法操作简便,设备要求低,经济效益高,适合工业化生产。
Description
本发明涉及从大豆豆粕中分离、精制总大豆异黄酮的方法。所得到的纯度较高的大豆异黄酮产品可以进一步开发为国家中药及保健食品产品,属人类生活必需品技术领域。
大豆异黄酮广泛存在于豆科植物中,包括大豆异黄酮甙和大豆异黄酮甙元两部分,主要有染料木素(Genistein),染料木甙(Genistin),大豆黄酮(Daidzein),大豆黄酮甙(Daidzin)等,它们的结构式如下:
大豆中异黄酮类化合物的化学结构式,如表1所示:
表1
化合物名称 | R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 |
DaidzeinGenisteinGlyciteinDaidzinGenistinGlycitin | H H OH OH HOH H OH OH HH OCH3 OH OH HH H O-glucoside OH HOH H O-glucoside OH HH OCH3 O-glucoside OH H |
流行病学调查研究表明,一些疾病,如乳腺癌、前列腺癌、结肠癌、心脏病和骨质疏松症等在西方(欧美)国家的发病率,远远高于东方(亚洲)国家。科学家们对这种现象进行了分析之后认为:东、西方的饮食结构的差异是造成这些疾病发病率差异的主要原因。如在中国、日本等东方国家,人们大量食用豆制品,大豆制品的人均消耗量是西方国家的20-50倍。芬兰科学家Adlecreutz等人发现:亚洲人食物中含有大量的异黄酮类物质,亚洲人血或尿中异黄酮类物质及其代谢产物的水平约是西方人的20-40倍左右。在做了大批对照性实验之后,他们提出:饮食中异黄酮类物质具有预防和治疗乳腺癌、前列腺癌、结肠癌、心血管病和骨质疏松症等疾病的功效。证实异黄酮类化合物是造成这种差异的原因之一。
近几年,人们对大豆异黄酮的生理活性进行大量研究。1994年,Messina等(Mwssina M.J,Persky V,et al,Soy intake and cancer risk:a review of the in vitro and invivo data.Nutrition and Cancer,21:113,1994.)综述了大豆或大豆异黄酮的抗肿瘤作用,包括体内和体外实验结果。其中,65%的动物实验报告显示大豆或大豆异黄酮对与激素有关的癌症有明显的抑制作用。本发明研究者之一张荣庆教授等(JiangtaoYu,Liping Xie and Rongqing Zhang,Effects of Genistein and Daidzein on membranecharacteristics of HCT cells,Nutrition and Cancer,33:100,1999.)研究发现染料木素(Genistein)和大豆黄酮(Daidzein)能够抑制HCT等细胞系的生长(EC50分别为15μM、40μM)。并对大豆异黄酮的作用机制进行初步研究,发现IPE能明显上调雌、孕激素受体,调节下丘脑,β-内啡肽和垂体生长激素等的分泌,同时,能明显提高动物机体的免疫功能(Zhang Rongqing and Li Yi,Enhancement of immune function inmice fed high doses of soy daidzein.Nutrition and Cancer,29:24,1997.)。上述研究结果表明,大豆异黄酮具有明显的抗癌、抑癌作用。
此外,大豆异黄酮还具有预防骨质疏松,调节血脂,降低胆固醇与预防心血管疾病的作用。
有关大豆异黄酮提取工艺的研究,如美国专利US 5679806公开的分离和纯化大豆异黄酮的方法,该方法以大豆糖蜜或脱脂大豆粉为原料,经过三步反应分别得到较纯的大豆异黄酮甙和大豆异黄酮甙元,没有得到纯度较高的总大豆异黄酮,且该工艺存在以下不足;
1.用甲醇进行浸提,浸提后大豆废渣不能再做饲料或他用。
2.柱层析时用甲醇作淋洗剂,残余甲醇对人健康有害。
3.用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯进行柱层析,价格较高,不适宜于工业化生产。
公开号为CN 1174839A的中国专利公开了从大豆废糖蜜中回收异黄酮的方法。该方法主要目的是得到大豆异黄酮甙元,但该工艺采用离心分离进行浓缩,用昂贵的酶水解,工业化不宜实现。公开号为CN 1211573的中国专利公开了一种提取大豆异黄酮的方法,该方法以大豆粉为原料,用正己烷脱去脂肪,再经过两步水解得到纯度较高的大豆异黄酮甙和大豆异黄酮甙元单体,主要目的为得到不同的甙和甙元。
本发明主要涉及从大豆豆粕中分离并精制大豆异黄酮的方法,主要目的在于得到和天然大豆成分一致的大豆异黄酮产品,而不是单个的大豆异黄酮甙和大豆异黄酮甙元单体。
本发明第二个目的在于使得到的大豆异黄酮能够符合国家中药生产的要求,进而开发出国家中药产品。因为国家II类中药要求必须保持完整的天然成分,且总有效成分大于50%,上述专利都不能符合该要求。
本发明第三个目的在于以已经榨过油的大豆豆粕为原料,而不是大豆粉。这样,可以使大豆得到充分利用,获取更好的经济效益。
本发明第四个目的在于研究出一种操作简单、经济效益高、适合于工业化生产的方法。
本发明提出的从大豆豆粕中分离并精制大豆异黄酮的方法,包括以下各步骤:
1、原料的处理:将大豆豆粕粉碎,过40-60目筛,备用;
2.以食用酒精为萃取剂,对豆粕进行三级逆流萃取,其中萃取剂和大豆粕的体积重量比为:3-7∶1,食用酒精浓度为40-80%,萃取温度为30-60℃,萃取时间为3-5小时;
3.对上述第二步所得的萃取液,用减压蒸馏法进行浓缩,温度为60-70℃,浓缩时间为3-5小时;
4、用层析法对浓缩后的萃取液进行纯化和精制,其中填料为大孔阴离子交换树酯,用食用酒精溶液进行淋洗,洒精浓度为50-90%,室温操作,精制时间为15-20小时;
5、将精制后的萃取液进行减压浓缩,减压浓缩温度为60-70℃,时间为3-5小时,得到大豆异黄酮浓缩液;
6、最后将浓缩液加热至50-60℃,干燥7-10小时,粉碎,过60-80目筛,即为本发明的大豆异黄酮。
本发明的方法操作简便,设备要求低。生产工艺中采用乙醇/水进行淋洗,价格较低,且离子交换树脂再生简单,可以多次重复利用。实验证明,经再生后树脂的交换率与新树脂相当。纯化后大豆异黄酮的含量在55%左右,因此本发明的方法经济效益高,适合工业化生产。
下面介绍本发明的实施例。
实施例一:称取500克大豆豆粕,粉碎,过40-60目筛,加至带有搅拌器2500ml三口烧瓶中。然后量取1500ml 60%酒精于反应瓶中,在搅拌下升温至30℃,在此温度下萃取3小时。过滤,滤渣重复上述实验步骤两次。前两次滤液合并,最后一次滤液返回至反应瓶中,加入新鲜的大豆豆粕,重复上述实验步骤,进行下一轮的萃取。合并滤液,减压浓缩,柱层析分离,流动相为50%的酒精。合并流出液,在60℃下减压浓缩,60℃下真空干燥,粉碎,过60-80目筛,得大豆异黄酮产品2.1g。
实施例二:称取100克大豆豆粕,粉碎,过40-60目筛,加入至1000ml三口烧瓶中。然后量取400ml 60%酒精于反应瓶中,在搅拌下升温至50℃,在此温度下萃取5小时。其他操作同实施例一。然后合并滤液,减压浓缩,柱层析分离,流动相为70%的酒精。合并流出液,在60℃下减压浓缩,60℃下干燥,粉碎,过60-80目筛,得大豆异黄酮产品0.51g。
实施例三:称取250克大豆豆粕,粉碎,过40-60目筛,加入至2000ml三口烧瓶中。然后量取1250ml 70%酒精于反应瓶中,在搅拌下升温至30℃,在此温度下萃取3小时。其他操作同实施例一。然后合并滤液,减压浓缩,柱层析分离,流动相为90%的酒精。合并流出液,在60℃下减压浓缩,60℃下干燥,粉碎,过60-80目筛,得大豆异黄酮产品1.25g。
实施例四:称取250克大豆豆粕,粉碎,过40-60目筛,加入至2000ml三口烧瓶中。然后量取1250ml 70%酒精于反应瓶中,在搅拌下升温至60℃,在此温度下萃取5小时。其他操作同实施例一。然后合并滤液,减压浓缩,柱层析分离,流动相为70%的酒精。合并流出液,在60℃下减压浓缩,60℃下干燥,粉碎,过60-80目筛,得大豆异黄酮产品1.31g。
Claims (1)
1、一种从大豆豆粕中分离并精制大豆异黄酮的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下各步骤:
(1)原料的处理:将大豆豆粕粉碎,过40-60目筛,备用;
(2)以食用酒精为萃取剂,对豆粕进行三级逆流萃取,其中萃取剂和大豆粕的体积重量比为:3-7∶1,食用酒精浓度为40-80%,萃取温度为30-60℃;
(3)对上述第二步所得的萃取液,用减压蒸馏法进行浓缩,温度为60-70℃;
(4)用层析法对浓缩后的萃取液进行纯化和精制,其中填料为大孔阴离子交换树酯,用食用酒精溶液进行淋洗,洒精浓度为50-90%,室温操作;
(5)将精制后的萃取液进行减压浓缩,减压浓缩温度为60-70℃,得到大豆异黄酮浓缩液;
(6)最后将浓缩液加热至50-60℃,干燥,粉碎,过60-80目筛,即为大豆异黄酮。
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