CN109527268A - 一种缓释型益生菌虾饲料的生产方法 - Google Patents
一种缓释型益生菌虾饲料的生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种缓释型益生菌微胶囊虾饲料的制备方法。所述的缓释型益生菌微胶囊虾饲料的制备方法包括，本发明的益生菌微胶囊是由双歧杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、德氏乳杆菌、戊糖片球菌等菌种进行混合发酵培养作为芯材，采用海藻酸钠丙二醇酯和谷朊粉水解肽作为壁材，对混合益生菌进行包埋，制成一种饲用微胶囊。此发明所制备的益生菌微胶囊可作为多种动物饲料添加剂，搅拌均匀后按常规饲料加工方法进行制粒，不仅提高了复合菌种对不良环境的耐受能力，使其安全度过胃部酸性环境，而且能够在肠道中迅速释放，使复合菌种迅速增殖为优势菌群，发挥出更大效力。此种饲料中无任何激素成分，营养价值高，易消化吸收，且原料来源广泛，成本低廉，具有广泛的市场应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于饲料领域，具体涉及一种缓释型益生菌虾饲料制备方法。
背景技术
当前我国水产养殖业中，水产饲料主要以鱼粉等作为优质蛋白的来源，成本较高，因此长期以来众多养殖大户及研究人员致力于寻找其他配料取代动物蛋白粉。近年来有研究认为发酵豆粕是一种鱼粉类成分的良好替代物，不仅可提供优质蛋白，且成本低廉，来源广泛。但试验证明，若一次性将动物类蛋白粉全部替换，影响虾的生长，尤其对于处于繁殖期的虾类不利，会使其繁殖率降低。
抗生素曾在饲料领域发挥重要作用，因其带来的耐药性扩散、药物残留和生态破坏等负面影响越来越严重，人们逐渐开始寻找新的替代物。随着环保意识和食品安全意识的加强，迫切需要新型绿色饲料添加剂来提高饲料产品品质。微生态类制剂如乳酸菌近年来因其广泛重视，因其本身常驻动物体内，调节动物消化道微生物菌群，增强免疫力，是一种安全又高效的微生物制剂。
但因乳酸菌抗逆性差，在不良条件下极易失活，丧失原有生理活性，严重影响其实用价值。例如，很多微生物制剂被服用后，到达胃部酸性环境难以存活，只有极少量微生物能到达肠道，因此益生效果微乎其微。
微胶囊化是一种将固、液、气体等物质包埋在微小封闭胶囊内的方法。该方法不但能够有效保护和隔离物质，减少氧化反应发生，钝化光敏性和热敏性，还能有效屏蔽芯材的不良气味，控制芯材的释放速度，改变芯材的理化性质（如分散性、颜色、形状、密度），提高芯材贮存稳定性。
为了解决以上问题，在饲料加工和畜禽养殖业中常通过加大益生菌的用量来解决，但这种方法不但不能从根本上解决问题，而且成本高。因此研发包埋技术，对益生菌进行包埋的方法应运而生。如中国专利CN1276009A中，公开了一种对乳酸菌进行二次包衣的技术，提高了乳酸菌对胃酸的耐受能力，但因其不能在肠道中迅速释放，不能有效控制病原菌，乳酸菌无法发挥最大效力。中国专利CN1569043中采用海藻酸钠作为壁材，是目前微胶囊包被中常用的壁材，但海藻酸钠本身持水能力差，微胶囊失水易硬化破碎，因此不能有效保护益生菌，使其发挥最大效力。
现有各种方法大多存在不能有效保护益生菌群，成本过高或制得的益生菌微胶囊菌种活力低等弊端，不适于在微利的饲料工业和畜禽养殖生产中广泛应用。
发明内容
基于以上现存问题，本发明的主要目的在于提供一种缓释型益生菌虾饲料的制备方法，用益生菌微胶囊来调节营养均衡，提高以发酵豆粕为主要蛋白源的虾饲料的产品品质。
本发明为实现上述目的，采用以下技术方案：
一种缓释型益生菌虾饲料，所述的复合益生菌为双歧杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、德氏乳杆菌、戊糖片球菌等菌种进行混合发酵培养制得。
所述的缓释型益生菌虾饲料的制备方法包括复合发酵液的制备、壁材水溶液的制备、胶状微胶囊的制备以及真空冻干制得成品微胶囊。
所述益生菌微胶囊的芯材为复合微生物菌液；壁材为海藻酸丙二醇酯；所述的微胶囊的芯材和壁材的比例为：0.05-0.15:1。
所述缓释型益生菌虾饲料的制备，接种各种乳酸菌到液体培养基中，于30-40℃摇床培养12-24小时，转速100-150 r/min，得到种子液；将种子液按接种量5-15% 的接种量接种到一级种子培养基中，于相同温度培养6-10小时，转速100-150 r/min，得到一级种子液；将一级种子液按5-15% 的接种量接种到二级发酵培养基中，于30-40℃摇床培养15-22小时，转速100-150 r/min， 发酵液的活菌数达到1×109 cfu/mL以上时停止发酵，得到复合菌种发酵液。
所述壁材水溶液的制备，将海藻酸丙二醇酯溶解于水中，配制成质量分数为25%-35%的水溶液，加入10%-20%的谷朊粉水解肽，制得壁材水溶液。
所述胶状微胶囊的制备，复合微生物原液作为芯材，将海藻酸钠和谷朊粉水解肽作为壁材，分散在有吐温80的植物油作为油相，添加氯化钙作为固化剂，采用乳化法进行反应，离心后弃去上清，得到胶状微胶囊。
所述真空冻干，真空冷冻干燥机在-60℃--50℃，冻干24-36小时，得到复合益生菌微胶囊。
所述的虾饲料包括以下主要成分：发酵豆粕40-50％，鱼粉发8-15％，面粉20-25％，米糠麦麸5-10％，油脂2-3％，虾壳粉2-3％，预混料1％，微胶囊0.3-1％。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1.本发明在虾饲料中加入了复合益生菌微胶囊，以多菌种复合为芯材，海藻酸丙二酸酯和谷朊粉水解肽为壁材；海藻酸丙二酸酯不仅能够耐受胃部酸性环境，提高微胶囊稳定性，有效保存菌种活力，且能够在肠道中迅速释放，使复合菌种发挥最大效力。同时，海藻酸丙二酸酯本身是一种有效乳化剂，在制备微胶囊时无需再添加额外乳化剂，使工艺简化且成本降低。
2.本发明的微胶囊壁材中加入了谷朊粉水解肽，因其具有控制胆固醇、血糖和血压的作用，可作为营养强化剂。同时谷朊粉水解肽因谷氨酰胺含量高，通常呈鲜味，可发挥诱食作用，增加饲料适口性。
3.本发明的虾饲料，营养搭配合理，无任何激素成分，营养价值高，同时用发酵豆粕取代传统鱼粉，蚌壳粉等动物性蛋白粉，原料来源广泛，成本低。与复合益生菌微胶囊配合使用，可弥补单一豆粕营养不足，具有增强免疫力、扩张血管、降压、改善内循环、增强心脑血管功能等作用。
具体实施方式
如前所述，鉴于现有技术缺陷，本案发明人经长期研究和大量实践，得以提出本发明的技术方案。为了使本技术领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合最佳实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
实施例1
一种缓释型益生菌虾饲料，具体包括如下步骤：发酵豆粕50份，面粉20％，米糠9.4％，鱼粉15％，虾壳粉2％，鱼油2％，预混料1％，微胶囊0.6％。所述微胶囊芯材为双歧杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、德氏乳杆菌复合菌液，微胶囊的壁材为海藻酸丙二醇酯；所述的微胶囊的芯材和壁材比例为0.05：1。将微胶囊壁材配制成质量浓度为30%的水溶液，加入复合微生态制剂混合均匀制成混合液，随后加入氯化钙作为凝固剂制得胶状微胶囊，送入真空冻干设备中制得微胶囊粉末。最后按常规饲料加工方法，将粉碎过80目的粉状与鱼油及微胶囊粉末混合后制粒，制得粒径为2-5mm的颗粒，即得一种缓释型益生菌虾饲料。
实施例2
一种缓释型益生菌虾饲料，具体包括如下步骤：发酵豆粕45％，花生粕10％，鱼粉10％，面粉20％，麦麸10份，虾壳粉1.7％，鱼油2％，预混料1％，微胶囊0.3％。所述微胶囊芯材为双歧杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、德氏乳杆菌复合菌液，微胶囊的壁材为海藻酸丙二醇酯；所述的微胶囊的芯材和壁材比例为0.1：1。将微胶囊壁材配制成质量浓度为35%的水溶液，加入复合微生态制剂混合均匀制成混合液，随后加入氯化钙作为凝固剂制得胶状微胶囊，送入真空冻干设备中制得微胶囊粉末。最后按常规饲料加工方法，将粉碎过80目的粉状与鱼油及微胶囊粉末混合后制粒，得粒径为2-5mm的颗粒，即得一种缓释型益生菌虾饲料。
此外，本案发明人还参照实施例1～3的方式，以本说明书中列出的其它原料和条件等进行了试验，并同样制得了成本低、产品品质高的缓释型益生菌虾饲料。
应当理解，上述实施例仅为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种缓释型益生菌虾饲料制备方法，其特征在于，所用菌种为双歧杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、德氏乳杆菌、戊糖片球菌等菌种进行混合发酵培养，获得复合益生菌作为芯材，将海藻酸钠和谷朊粉水解肽作为壁材，分散在含吐温80的植物油作为油相，添加氯化钙作为固化剂，采用乳化法进行反应，离心后弃去上清，得到胶状微胶囊，真空冷冻干燥，得到缓释型益生菌微胶囊。
2.根据权利要求1所述的缓释型益生菌微胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于所述复合益生菌中双歧杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、德氏乳杆菌、戊糖片球菌等菌种的活菌数均大于1×108 CFU/mL，得到的复合益生菌微胶囊呈球形或扁圆形，粒径介于30-50μm之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的缓释型益生菌微胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于所述多菌种混合发酵培养，接种各种乳酸菌到液体培养基中，于30-40℃摇床培养12-24小时，转速100-150 r/min，得到种子液；将种子液按接种量5-15% 的接种量接种到一级种子培养基中，于相同温度培养6-10小时，转速100-150 r/min，得到一级种子液；将一级种子液按5-15% 的接种量接种到二级发酵培养基中，于30-40℃摇床培养15-22小时，转速100-150 r/min， 发酵液的活菌数达到1×109 cfu/mL以上时停止发酵，得到复合菌种发酵液。
4.根据权利要求1所述的缓释型益生菌微胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于所述的虾饲料为常规满足营养需要的配合饲料，其中微胶囊微生态制剂添加量为0.3-1%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的缓释型益生菌微胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于所述虾饲料的制备方法，质量组分如下：微胶囊0.3-1份，所述微胶囊的芯材为复合菌种益生菌，壁材为海藻酸钠丙二醇酯和谷朊粉水解肽；所述的微胶囊的芯材和壁材的比例为：0.05-0.15:1.。
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