CN109526876B - Breeding method and application of Panonychus malabaricus carne - Google Patents

Breeding method and application of Panonychus malabaricus carne Download PDF

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CN109526876B
CN109526876B CN201811381636.XA CN201811381636A CN109526876B CN 109526876 B CN109526876 B CN 109526876B CN 201811381636 A CN201811381636 A CN 201811381636A CN 109526876 B CN109526876 B CN 109526876B
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伍祎
曹阳
贺培欢
董震
崔淼
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M17/00—Apparatus for the destruction of vermin in soil or in foodstuffs
    • A01M17/008—Destruction of vermin in foodstuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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Abstract

The invention discloses a feeding method and application of Pantoea malabarica. According to the invention, the prey mite is firstly fed, and then the predatory mites of the malarial six-shell are fed, so that the massive and cheap feeding of the predatory mites of the malarial six-shell is realized. In addition, the invention also provides application of the Pantoea malayi in preventing and controlling grain storage pests and pest mites. Thereby effectively utilizing the xylaria malabarica carnivorous mites to prevent and control the grain storage pests and the pest mites.

Description

Breeding method and application of Panonychus malabaricus carne
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological control, and particularly relates to a feeding method of Pantoea malabarica.
Background
The stored grain mites are widely distributed and various, and the mites of the aleyrodids, the spider mites, the panonychus and the first mite sub-orders are important components of the stored grain mites and live in places such as storage, grain storage and processing plants, traditional Chinese medicinal materials, dry branches and fallen leaves and the like. The stored grain mites not only have harmful mites which harm the quality of stored grains, but also have predatory mites which prey on harmful mites and pests. The Saraca malabarica carnivorous mite is the most common predatory mite species with wide distribution and large quantity in grain depots in China, is an ideal biological natural enemy resource for grain storage pests (pest mites), mainly eats phytophagous mites (such as flour mites, caseous mites and the like), small insects (such as book lice) and eggs and low-age larvae of the grain storage pests, has certain control effects on pest mites, rust-red and flat grain steamers, booklice tropicalis and the like, and can achieve the effect of controlling mites by using mites and controlling insects by using mites.
Although the Saraca malabaricus has a very good application space in the aspect of biological control, a method for artificially breeding a large number of Saraca malabaricus at home and abroad is not provided at present, so that the application of the technology for preventing and controlling grain storage pests by using the natural enemies is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for feeding Panonychus manihot, a local dominant natural enemy in China, for biological control of grain storage pests and mites. The breeding method can realize the low-cost breeding of the Panonychus malabaricus.
The invention also aims to provide an application method for biological control of the Pantoea malabarica.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for feeding Panonychus malabaricus, which comprises the following steps:
1) prey mite feeding: inoculating 10-5000 prey mites per g of feed, and feeding the prey mites at a temperature of 15-35 ℃ and a humidity of 30-100% until the density of the prey mites reaches at least 10000 heads/g; wherein the prey mites comprise one or more of Acarus sibiricus (Acarus srio L.), Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank)), Tyroporus litchii (Tyroporus linux), Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Troupeau)), Lepidoptera (Lepidoglyphus destractor (Schrank)), Glycyrrhiza domestica (De Geer)), and Glyphus edulis (L.);
2) feeding the Paliurus ramosissimus: in a feeding medium, the ratio of the number of the predatory mites on the Paliumet grunniens to the number of the predatory mites on the Paliumet grunniens is 1: putting the predacious malanychus urticae and the prey in a ratio of more than or equal to 1:10000, feeding the predacious malanychus urticae and the prey at the temperature of 28 +/-1 ℃ and the humidity of 75 +/-2%, and identifying the growth and development stages of the predacious malanychus urticae in the feeding process, so that the number of nymphs and adult mites after the predacious malanychus urticae at least accounts for more than 50%, and the egg laying amount is more than 350 mites per head on average, wherein the prey comprises the prey mites fed in the step (1);
further, in the step (1), the feed is a mixture of whole wheat flour, oat flour and yeast, and may be whole wheat flour. Preferably, the whole wheat flour, oat flour, yeast 5:5: 1.
Further, in the step (2), the rearing medium refers to a substance capable of providing survival, air-permeable space and egg laying for the Sargassu equi or its prey, such as wheat, rice or lettuce seeds.
In the step (2), the prey also comprises one or more of mites, insects, beneficial bacteria, insect eggs and pupae except the prey mites listed in the step (1).
The invention also provides application of the seriopaea malabarica obtained by the breeding method of the seriopaea malabarica to prevention and control of grain storage pests and pest mites, which comprises the following steps:
(1) monitoring the density of pests and mites on the grain surface of a raw grain bin according to GB/T29890 'grain and oil storage technical Specification', and monitoring the density of pests and mites in an empty bin and a feed processing plant by adopting light or a pest sticking plate;
(2) according to the density of pests and harmful mites, putting the predacious malarial mites obtained by the feeding method, wherein the putting proportion is that the number of the predacious malarial malaxatus is 1:100-10: 1; e.g., 1:80, 1:60, 1:50, 1:20, 1:10, 1:1, 5:1, etc.
(3) The specific putting method comprises the following steps: setting a throwing point every 5-10 m on the grain surface of the raw grain warehouse or the ground of the empty warehouse; the feed processing factory puts the feed along the wall, and a putting point is arranged every 5 to 10 meters; the humidity of the throwing environment is 20-100%, and the temperature is 15-38 ℃; when the feed is put in, the medium containing the predatory mites of malachite into a release container;
(4) monitoring the quantity of pests and mites in the control places, and checking the control effect.
Further, according to the variation trend of the population number of the pests and the mites, the supplementary feeding is carried out every 20-60 days.
Further, in the step (3), the release container is a release bag, a release cup or a release box.
Further, in the step (4), the pest and pest mite density is detected every 3 days, 7 days, 15 days or a custom time according to the pest and pest mite density.
Further, the pests include, but are not limited to, anthurium buge, anthurium longicornutum, turkey anthurium, psyllid, tribolium castaneum, Indian meal moth or tobacco beetle; the pest mites include, but are not limited to, aleyrodids, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Tyrophagus linearis, Aleuropa ovalis, Lepidoptera pest, or Glycyrrhynchus domesticus.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for feeding the Panonychus manihot increases the identification of each mite state of the Panonychus manihot, so that the growth and development of each stage of the Panonychus manihot can be controlled, and a shorter life history, a longer mite forming period (because the mite forming period is the period with the largest predation amount) and the highest oviposition amount can be obtained. Thereby realizing the large-scale feeding of the Sargassu equi, and laying a technical support for popularizing and using the Sargassu equi biological control technology.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 shows a morphological diagram of the respective development phases of the meat mites of malachite sida, in which a: and (3) egg B: young mite C: d, Procyenopsis D: and (3) nymph E: rest period F: female adult mite G: male mites.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following will describe embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1 growth and development of the status of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus
The growth and development of the predatory mites of the malaria sericata are subjected to 5 stages of eggs, young mites, protonymphs, nymphs and adult mites, wherein the male mites have no nymphs, the morphological characteristics of the mite states are shown in figure 1, and the growth and development conditions are shown in table 1. According to the conventional conditions of pest occurrence in grain depots, the trialeurodes vaporariorum is taken as a feed, the growth and development of the sargassum malabaricus under the conditions of different temperatures (24 ℃, 28 ℃) and relative humidities (65 +/-2%, 75 +/-2%, 85 +/-2% and 95 +/-2%) are researched, and basic data are provided for the breeding and propagation of the sargassum malabaricus.
The egg has a development period of 1.5d-3d, and is elliptical in shape of 133x 94 μm in size, changes to 143x 96 μm in shape at mid-term of development, and is milky white in color.
The young mites have 3.8-6.6 d of growth period, three pairs of feet and milk white color, and gradually molt to become protonymous mites after about 1-2 days of rest.
The original nymphs have a development period of 3.3d-5.7d, four pairs of feet and a light yellow body color compared with the former mite state.
The later nymph, the development period is 4d-5.4d, the body is longer and darker than the former mite state, only the female adult mite experiences the later nymph state, and becomes an adult mite after molting.
Female adult mites undergo three resting periods and become adult mites, and male mites only need to undergo two resting periods.
The large-scale feeding of the predatory mites of the malarial six-shell beetles is more beneficial to the control of natural enemies, and requires shorter life history, longer adult mite period (because the adult mite period is the period with the largest predation amount), and the highest oviposition amount. As can be seen from the table 1, the growth and development, the life history, the adult mite period and the total egg laying amount of each mite state are the best feeding conditions of the Pacific acid red mites under the conditions of the temperature of 28 ℃ and the humidity of 75 +/-2%, the life history of the female mites is 14 days, the adult mite period is 66 days, the maximum egg laying amount can reach 557 eggs, and the male mites are also in more ideal feeding and breeding conditions.
TABLE 1 growth and development of Panonychus malabaricus under different temperature and humidity conditions
Figure BDA0001872024900000041
Note: the data listed in the table are the mean ± standard error, and the capital letters indicate the significance of the difference of the development history of the euonymus manii carnivorous mites in different stages under different temperature conditions under certain relative humidity; lower case letters indicate the significance of the difference of development histories of different stages of Sarcophaga malabarica in different relative humidity conditions under a certain temperature condition
Example 2 prey raising
The method for preparing the feed for feeding the prey such as the trialeurodes vaporariorum and the like by utilizing one or more grains such as wheat and the like comprises the following specific operations: mixing the whole wheat flour, the oat flour and the yeast in a ratio of 5:1 to prepare a feed; weighing a proper amount of feed, and putting the feed into a ventilated culture device to ensure that the feed in the culture device is flatly laid to reach a thickness of 80 mm; then, accessing according to 100 and 1000 preys per g of feed; after inoculation, the mixture is placed in a full-dark environment with the temperature of 28 +/-1 ℃ and the humidity of 75 +/-2% for cultivation for about 20-40 days; when the density of prey reaches 10000 heads/g, the prey can be used for feeding the equine predatory mites, and the enlargement culture can also be carried out according to the method; facilities for preventing the game from escaping are arranged around the breeding device during the breeding process, such as isolation by white oil or water.
Example 3 feeding of Sarcophaga malayi
Selecting and culturing the spider mites in a dark environment at the temperature of 20-28 ℃ and the relative humidity of 75-85 percent; according to the oat flour: whole wheat flour: mixing yeast 5:5:1 to prepare feed; and a separate ventilating and breathable feeding chamber is arranged, so that safety protection is well performed, and the feeding chamber is prevented from escaping.
Propagating Sargassu horneri, culturing in dark environment at 28 + -1 deg.C and 75 + -2% humidity by using Trionycis rouxii as feed and rice or wheat as medium; and a separate ventilating and breathable feeding chamber is arranged, so that safety protection is well performed, and the feeding chamber is prevented from escaping.
Preparing for throwing, wherein the ratio of the predatory mites on the malachite and the tetranychus urticae is 1:5, sieving with 70 mesh sieve, pouring the obtained Sargassu malabaricus into a transport cylinder filled with wheat/rice (ensuring certain space and ventilation), and preparing for no more than 2 days from preparation to throwing.
Example 4 control of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus on the major grain storage pests mite
1 crimson beetle larva, former nymph, latter nymph or female adult mite is added into each rearing device, 10 grains of stored grain pest eggs (or 1-instar larvae (nymphs), which are all larvae (nymphs) hatched on the same day) are picked. The rearing device is placed at 28 ℃ and 75% RH for culture, each group of experiments are repeated for 12 times, and the death amount of the stored grain pest mites, the insect eggs of the pests and 1-year-old larvae (nymphs) is checked, recorded and calculated after 24 hours.
The predation of 4 acarids of the Paliumet meat mite is different for eggs of 9 grain storage pests, 1-instar larvae (nymphs) and the Onychidae, young mites, nymphs and adult mites. The young mites of the Paliurus ramosissimus can prey on 3 larvae of the Palyratus and the Palyratus at 1 st age, eggs of the booklice and the booklice addicted to the insects, and eggs, young mites and nymphs of the Amyda tetranychii; the Pacific predatory mite such as Pronychus equisimilis, Denychus hominis, and female adult mite can prey on ovum and 1-instar larva (nymph) of 9 kinds of grain storage pests; all mite states of predatory aleyrodids, nymphs and adult female mites of predatory aleyrodids of the predatory mites of the meat mites of the malachite are detailed in table 2.
TABLE 2 prey on eggs and 1 st larvae (nymphs) of grain storage pests with young, former, latter and adult equine mites
Figure BDA0001872024900000051
Figure BDA0001872024900000061
Example 5 prevention of Tetranychus malabaricus against Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann in farmer's barn filled with wheat
The rusted brown paddy steams are grain storage pests which frequently burst in grain depots, and are harmful in most provincial and municipal grain depots in China, and recent investigation finds that secondary pests are promoted to be main pests, the phosphine resistance of the secondary pests is enhanced, and the secondary pests are easy to burst repeatedly after fumigation treatment. The meat mites of the malabaricus have good control effect on the rust red paddy steamers, and are ideal natural enemy resources of the paddy steamers.
The method utilizes the Paliurus ramosissimus to control the stealing of the red and flat paddy caused in the farmer house with wheat, aiming at 2 farmer houses damaged by the stealing of the red and flat paddy, 1 ton of wheat is filled in the farmer house, the Paliurus ramosissimus is put in,
detecting the density of pests and mites by using a manual sampling method, wherein the main pests are the rusty brown paddy beetles, and the density is 10 heads/kg; the maximum estimation of 1 ton of wheat is about 10000 heads of rusty red flat grain steamers;
the farmer house is circular, 1.5 meters high and 1 meter in diameter, and 1 throwing point is selected at the center of the grain flour;
feeding Pachyrhizus equi (Pachyrhizus equi: about 1: 2) with wheat as matrix and Pachyrhizus equi as feed into a feeding point release box; the number of the thrown liquid is about 10000;
the humidity of the throwing environment is 40-60%, and the temperature is 20-28 ℃;
selecting the density of the pests and the predacious mites of the malabaricus, which are checked in a sampling mode every 20 days, monitoring the control effect, and detecting for 3 times in total;
control effect (%). 100-.
As can be seen from Table 3, the Panonychus malabaricus has a good inhibitory effect on the population density of the Thelephora scabrosus, and the control effect of the farmer house is on the rise after the Panonychus malabaricus is thrown in the farmer house and reaches 84% after 60 days of the throwing.
Through the measurement of the quality of the wheat before and after the prevention and treatment, the water content, protein, starch and wet gluten of the wheat are not obviously changed; meanwhile, no difference of the bacteria carrying amount of the wheat is found through the test of the bacteria carrying amount, which indicates that the quality of the wheat is not influenced before and after the Panonychus malabaricus is used for preventing and treating the rust red and flat Valley steatozoa.
TABLE 3 Density changes of Sarcophaga malabarica and Pseudocercosporella rusticana population
Figure BDA0001872024900000071
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other variations or modifications may be made on the basis of the above description, and all embodiments may not be exhaustive, and all obvious variations or modifications may be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The application of the Panonychus malabaricus in preventing and treating stored grain pests and pest mites is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) prey mite feeding: inoculating 10-5000 prey mites per g of feed, and feeding the prey mites at a temperature of 15-38 ℃ and a humidity of 30-100% until the density of the prey mites reaches at least 10000 heads/g; wherein the prey mites comprise one or more of aleyrodids destructor, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Tyrophagus lineariiformis, aleyrophagidae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Amycolatopsis domesticus and Pectinophagus acidilactici;
(2) feeding the Paliurus ramosissimus: in a feeding medium, the ratio of the number of the predatory mites on the Paliumet grunniens to the number of the predatory mites on the Paliumet grunniens is 1: putting the predacious malanychus urticae and the prey in a ratio of more than or equal to 1:10000, feeding the predacious malanychus urticae and the prey at the temperature of 28 +/-1 ℃ and the humidity of 75 +/-2%, and identifying the growth and development stages of the predacious malanychus urticae in the feeding process, so that the sum of the number of nymphs and adult malanychus urticae after the predacious malanychus urticae accounts for at least more than 50%, and the egg laying amount is more than 350 per head on average, wherein the prey comprises the prey mites fed in the step (1); the breeding medium is wheat or rice;
(3) monitoring the density of pests and mites on the grain surface of a raw grain bin according to GB/T29890 'grain and oil storage technical Specification', and monitoring the density of pests and mites in an empty bin and a feed processing plant by adopting light or a pest sticking plate;
(4) putting the predacious malarial mites obtained in the step (2) according to the density of the pests and the harmful mites, wherein the putting proportion is that the number of the predacious malarial mala;
considering the control difference of the predacious mites on the stored grain pests, the 1 st larva of the predacious mites can prey on the rust red paddy beetles, the long-horn paddy beetles, the turkey paddy beetles, the red paddy beetles and the heteropolybuty beetles, the eggs of the booklice and the insect-philic booklice, and the eggs, the young mites and the nymphs of the trialeurodes vaporariorum; the predatory mites of the meat mites protonymph, nymphs and adult female mites of the Paget beetles can prey on eggs and 1-instar larvae of Indian meal moth, tobacco beetle, Russian lusterling beetle, Petasites albus, Pseudoglutelinus ferrugineus, Heteropanax farinosus, Toxoplasma psyllium and Pediculus psyllium; all mite states of predatory spider mites of protonymphs, nymphs and adult female mites of the predatory mites of the Pachyrhizus;
(5) the specific putting method comprises the following steps: setting a throwing point every 5-10 m on the grain surface of the raw grain warehouse or the ground of the empty warehouse; the feed processing factory puts the feed along the wall, and a putting point is arranged every 5 to 10 meters; the humidity of the throwing environment is 20-100%, and the temperature is 15-38 ℃; when the feed is put in, the medium containing the predatory mites of malachite into a release container;
(6) detecting the density of the pests and the harmful mites every 3 days, 7 days and 15 days or in a self-defined time according to the density of the pests and the harmful mites, monitoring the number of the pests and the harmful mites in a control place, and checking the control effect;
and performing supplementary feeding every 20-60 days according to the change trend of the population quantity of the pests and the mites.
2. Use according to claim 1, wherein in step (1) the feed is whole wheat flour or a mixture of whole wheat flour, oat flour and yeast.
3. The use of claim 2, wherein the whole wheat flour, oat flour and yeast, is 5:5: 1.
4. The use of claim 1, wherein in step (2), said prey further comprises one or more of mites, insects, beneficial bacteria, insect eggs and pupae other than the prey mites listed in step (1).
5. Use according to claim 1, wherein in step (5) the release receptacle is a release pouch, a release cup or a release cartridge.
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