CN115413517A - Method for preventing and treating thrips by predatory mites - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating thrips by predatory mites Download PDFInfo
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- CN115413517A CN115413517A CN202211128174.7A CN202211128174A CN115413517A CN 115413517 A CN115413517 A CN 115413517A CN 202211128174 A CN202211128174 A CN 202211128174A CN 115413517 A CN115413517 A CN 115413517A
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- frankliniella occidentalis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and treating thrips by predatory mites, belonging to the technical field of biological pest prevention and treatment. The method takes Amblyseius swirskii female adult mite as a medium, carries out predation tests on the nymphs of first and second instar of the flower pests, namely thrips, researches to obtain the predation preference of the Amblyseius swirskii female adult mite to the nymphs of different insect states of the thrips, and fits through a density gradient test, a Holling disc equation and a Watt interference and competition model equation to determine the optimal prevention and control quantity of different insect states of the thrips and the optimal release quantity of the Amblyseius swirskii, provides a scientific basis for the Amblyseius swirskii to control the pests, and provides a scientific basis for green biological prevention and control of the thrips.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological control of pests, and particularly relates to a method for controlling thrips by predatory mites.
Background
Franklinie occidentalis (Pergande), a type of insect in the thrips family of Thysanoptera, has a short growth cycle and a strong adaptability to the environment, and has become an invasive pest worldwide. The Frankliniella occidentalis is not only harmed by hiding a nymph, a 2-second-instar nymph and an adult in buds, pistils and other tender parts of flowers, but also can transmit various viruses such as tomato spotted wilt virus, impatiens necrotic virus, tomato chlorosis virus and the like; in addition, the reproductive capacity of the seed is very strong, and the offspring can be propagated by parthenogenesis and bisexual reproduction, so that the seed is very easy to cause disasters. At present, the Frankliniella occidentalis is mainly prevented and controlled by chemical methods such as pesticide spraying, but the drug resistance of Frankliniella occidentalis is continuously enhanced, and researches show that the Frankliniella occidentalis has drug resistance to organic phosphorus, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids and other medicaments, so that the harm of Frankliniella occidentalis can not be effectively controlled by a single pesticide type at present. Meanwhile, a large amount of pesticides can pollute water, atmosphere and soil, so that the pesticide components under the environmental pressure can enter human bodies through food chains, and the health of human bodies is harmed. Therefore, the reduction of the damage of frankliniella occidentalis to flowers by a biological control method has become one of the research hotspots at present.
Predatory mites are star products for internationally controlling pest mites, are listed as green prevention and control main promotion technologies by the department of agriculture in China, wherein Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) is a multi-predatory mite of Amblyseius in phytoseiidae, is widely used for controlling pests such as thrips, whiteflies and the like on greenhouse vegetables and flowers, and becomes an important natural enemy for biological control of pests in most countries of Europe, north America, north Africa, china, japan, argentina and the like. In 2011, the institute for plant protection, academy of agricultural sciences, officially introduced amblyseius swirskii from the netherlands, but since the introduction time is relatively late, the amblyseius swirskii is not used for biologically controlling frankliniella occidentalis in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preventing and controlling thrips by predatory mites, which is to perform biological prevention and control on flower pest thrips crocodile by utilizing amblyseius swirskii.
Preferably, the control is that the amblyseius swirskii adult female mite preys one-year nymph or two-year nymph of the Frankliniella occidentalis.
Preferably, the control comprises any one of:
(1) The amblyseius swirskii female adult mite is thrown according to the insect quantity ratio of the amblyseius swirskii female adult mite to the first-instar nymph of the Frankliniella occidentalis of 1 to 5-30, and the amblyseius swirskii female adult mite is thrown according to the more preferable insect quantity ratio of the amblyseius swirskii female adult mite to the first-instar nymph of the Frankliniella occidentalis of 1 to 10-15;
(2) And (3) administering the amblyseius swirskii female adult mite according to the insect quantity ratio of the amblyseius swirskii female adult mite to the second-instar nymph of the Frankliniella occidentalis of 1.
Preferably, the amblyseius swirskii is put after the female adult mites are hungry for 24h, and the environmental temperature is kept at 25 +/-1 ℃ and the humidity is kept at 70% +/-5%.
The invention also provides a method for screening the amblyseius swirskii adult female mite to prevent and control frankliniella occidentalis, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Constructing a predation function reaction device in a glass culture dish by using kidney bean leaves;
(2) Putting the same number of nymphs of the first-instar and the second-instar of the Frankliniella occidentalis into the predation function reaction device;
(3) Starving the amblyseius swirskii for 24h, putting into a predation function reaction device, and placing the device in a climatic chamber, wherein the temperature is set to be 25 +/-1 ℃, and the humidity is set to be 70% +/-5%;
(4) And observing and counting under a stereo microscope after 24h, counting the daily capture amount of the amblyseius swirskii adult female mite on the nymphs of the first and second instars of the Frankliniella occidentalis, and calculating the preference selection coefficient.
The invention also provides a method for calculating the optimal prevention and control amount of the amblyseius swirskii on different insect states of Frankliniella occidentalis, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Constructing a predation function reaction device in a glass culture dish by using kidney bean leaves;
(2) Respectively putting different numbers of nymphs of first-age or second-age of Frankliniella occidentalis into the predation function reaction device;
(3) Hungry for 24h, putting the amblyseius swirskii into a predation function reaction device, and putting the device into a climatic chamber, wherein the temperature is set to be 25 +/-1 ℃, and the humidity is 70% +/-5%;
(4) And observing and counting under a stereomicroscope after 24h, counting the daily average capturing amount of the amblyseius swirskii female adult mites on the first-instar nymphs and the second-instar nymphs of the Frankliniella occidentalis with different densities, and fitting the data by utilizing a Holling disc equation to respectively obtain a predation function reaction model of the amblyseius swirskii mites on the first-instar nymphs and the second-instar nymphs of the Frankliniella occidentalis.
Preferably, the Holling disc equation is Na = aTN/(1 + aThN), wherein Na is the number of thrips caught, a is the instantaneous attack coefficient of predatory mites, T is the total time of the predatory functional response test, N is the initial number of thrips, and Th is the time of predatory mite treatment of one-head thrips.
The invention also provides a method for calculating the optimal release amount of the female adult mites of the amblyseius swirskii, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Constructing a predation function reaction device in a glass culture dish by using kidney bean leaves;
(2) Putting the same amount of frankliniella occidentalis into the predation function reaction device;
(3) Hungry for 24h, putting different numbers of amblyseius swirskii into a predation function reaction device, and putting the device in an artificial climate box, wherein the temperature is set to be 25 +/-1 ℃, and the humidity is set to be 70% +/-5%;
(4) And observing and counting under a stereomicroscope after 24h, counting the daily average predation amount of the amblyseius swirskii adult female mites with different densities on the Frankliniella occidentalis, fitting the data by using the interference and competition model equation of Watt to obtain the interference and competition equation of the predatory mites, and calculating the optimal release amount.
Preferably, the interference and competition model equation of Watt is a = aX –b Wherein a is the attack rate of the predatory mites under the non-competitive condition, X is the predatory mite density, and b is the intra-species competition parameter of the predatory mites.
Advantageous effects
According to the invention, the control work of the Frankliniella occidentalis is carried out by utilizing the predation characteristic of the Blyseius swirsoni to the Frankliniella occidentalis, and the predation palatability data and the predation quantity data of the Blyseius swirsoni female adult mite to nymphs of different insect states of the Frankliniella occidentalis are obtained through research on predation reaction, so that the optimal throwing insect quantity ratio of the Blyseius swirsoni female adult mite to the nymphs of first instar of the Frankliniella occidentalis is determined to be 1-10, and the optimal throwing insect quantity ratio of the Blyseius swirsoni female adult mite to the nymphs of second instar of the Frankliniella swirsonii is determined to be 1. And then fitting the obtained data by using a formula to further obtain a preference selection coefficient, a predation function reaction model and an interference and competition model of the amblyseius swirskii adult female mite on the nymphs of the first and second instars of the Frankliniella occidentalis, wherein the data and the model provide scientific basis for the amblyseius swirskii adult female mite to prevent and control the flower pest Frankliniella occidentalis, and help to guide green prevention and control of the Frankliniella swirskii.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a predation function reaction device.
FIG. 2 is a line graph of theoretical daily predation and actual daily predation of predatory mites on first instar nymphs of Frankliniella occidentalis at different densities.
FIG. 3 is a line graph of theoretical daily predation and actual daily predation of predatory mites on the second instar nymphs of Frankliniella occidentalis at different densities.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the broken line relationship of predatory mite density to predation amount of predatory mites.
In the figure, 1 is a glass culture dish, 2 is water, 3 is a water-absorbing sponge, 4 is water-absorbing absorbent cotton, 5 is black cloth, and 6 is a leaf.
Detailed Description
The predation function reaction device disclosed by the invention is shown in figure 1, and has a specific structure that circular sponge with the diameter of 6cm is placed in a glass culture dish with the diameter of 9cm after water absorption, then circular black cloth with the diameter of 6cm is laid on the sponge, fresh kidney bean leaves with the diameter of about 5cm are placed in the center above the black cloth, and then absorbent cotton after water absorption is used for surrounding the leaves, so that predation mites and frankliniella occidentalis are prevented from separating from leaf areas.
Test materials
The predatory mite is Amblyseius swirskii and is provided by Guannong bioscience, fuzhou, and the whole test process adopts adult female mites.
Frankliniella occidentalis: collecting the Frankliniella occidentalis on flowers, and culturing to obtain the first-age nymphs and the second-age nymphs of the Frankliniella occidentalis.
Individual insect status of frankliniella occidentalis:
first-instar nymphs: small, transparent or milky white;
second-instar nymphs: large body size, light yellow.
Example 1
Predatory mites are used for predating the Frankliniella occidentalis nymphs to obtain the preference data of the predatory mites on different insect states of the Frankliniella occidentalis nymphs, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) 30 heads of nymphs of the first age and 30 heads of nymphs of the second age are thrown into the predation function reaction device by a wet small brush pen;
(2) Then putting predatory mites hungry for 24 hours at one end, putting the predatory functional reaction device into an artificial climate box, and controlling the temperature to be 25 +/-1 ℃ and the humidity to be 70% +/-5%;
(3) Taking out the predation function reaction device after 24 hours, and placing the predation function reaction device under a stereoscopic microscope to observe and record the number of nymphs of the first age and the second age of nymphs of the Frankliniella occidentalis;
(4) By using
Calculating preference selection coefficient of predatory mites on Frankliniella occidentalis nymphs with different insect states by a formula, wherein A i The percentage of the number of prey eaten in the ith prey to the total number of food eaten, B i The percentage of the number of the i-th prey to the total number of the prey is; q i =1 represents the predator's random predation of prey of i-th prey; q i >1 indicates predators who like to eat prey on prey of the ith species; q i <1 indicates that the predator did not like to eat the i < th > prey.
And repeating the steps for 5 times, and averaging the acquired data to reduce the error.
TABLE 1 predatory mites preference for different insect states of Frankliniella occidentalis
Where "+" indicates that the difference is significant.
The data in Table 1 show that the daily average predation amount of predatory mites on first-instar nymphs is remarkably higher than that of second-instar nymphs, and meanwhile, the preference selection coefficient of the predatory mites on the first-instar nymphs of Frankliniella occidentalis is 1.36 +/-0.04, which shows that the predatory mites are addicted to the first-instar nymphs of Frankliniella occidentalis, while the preference selection coefficient of the predatory mites on the second-instar nymphs of Frankliniella occidentalis is 0.63 +/-0.04 and is far less than 1, which shows that the predatory mites are not addicted to the second-instar nymphs of Frankliniella occidentalis. Therefore, when the amblyseius swirskii adult female mite is selected to control Frankliniella occidentalis, the control effect is best in the outbreak period of the first-instar nymph of Frankliniella occidentalis or when the number of the first-instar nymphs is large.
Example 2
The method comprises the following steps of utilizing predatory mites to respectively carry out predation research on first-age nymphs and second-age nymphs of Frankliniella occidentalis, and obtaining the optimal control amount of the predatory mites on different insect states of the Frankliniella occidentalis, wherein the steps are as follows:
(1) Respectively connecting a nymph of first-instar and a nymph of second-instar of the Frankliniella occidentalis in the predation function reaction device by using a wet small brush pen, and setting a quantity gradient; wherein the number gradient of nymphs of one year is 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30; the number gradient of second instar nymphs was 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15;
(2) Then, a predatory mite starving for 24 hours is inoculated into the predatory functional reaction device and placed in an artificial climate box (the temperature is 25 +/-1 ℃, and the humidity is 70% +/-5%);
(3) After 24 hours, respectively counting the number of nymphs of the first and second instars of the Frankliniella occidentalis under a stereoscopic microscope; 5 repetitions are set per gradient to reduce the error.
(4) Fitting by using a Holling disc equation Na = aTN/(1 + aThN), wherein Na in the equation is the thrips capture number, a is the instant attack coefficient of predatory mites, T is the total time of the predatory function reaction test (24 h and 1d in the test), N is the initial number of the thrips, and Th is the time for treating one-head thrips by the predatory mites.
TABLE 2 daily predation of predatory mites on varying densities of Frankliniella occidentalis nymphs
Wherein, letters represent significance of difference, letters with the same meaning are considered as insignificant difference, and letters with different meaning are considered as significant difference.
The data in table 2 show that the female predatory mites have different daily predation amounts for different densities of first and second instar nymphs of frankliniella occidentalis, wherein the difference between the daily predation amounts is significant when the density of the first instar nymphs of frankliniella occidentalis increases from 5 to 25, but the trend of the daily predation amount increases slowly and the difference is insignificant when the density of the first instar nymphs continues to increase. When the density of the second-instar nymphs of western flower thrips increases from 3 to 9, the daily predation amount increases remarkably, and when the density of the second-instar nymphs continues to increase, the daily predation amount increases slowly, and the data difference is not remarkable. In conclusion, when the control is carried out, the ratio of the predatory mites to the nymphs of first-instar western flower thrips is controlled to be 1:3-12 are preferred.
And calculating the predation function reaction parameters of the predatory mites on the nymphs of the first and second instars of the Frankliniella occidentalis by using the data in the table 2 through a Holling disc equation, wherein the parameters are shown in the table 3:
TABLE 3 predatory mite response parameters to different insect states of Frankliniella occidentalis
Wherein a/Th is the predation capacity of the predatory mites, and 1/Th is the theoretical maximum daily predation amount of the predatory mites.
The predation function reaction model of the predatory mites on the first-instar nymphs of the Frankliniella occidentalis is 0.8258N/(1 + 0.0757N) and the predation function reaction model of the predatory mites on the second-instar nymphs of the Frankliniella occidentalis is 0.2926N/(1 + 0.0748N) obtained by fitting the data in the table 3, and then line graphs of the actual daily predation amount and the theoretical daily predation amount are drawn together with the data in the table 2 (fig. 2 and 3).
The results (table 3, fig. 2 and fig. 3) show that the predatory mites have large differences in the transient attack coefficient, treatment time, predation capacity and maximum predation amount of first-instar nymphs and second-instar nymphs of frankliniella occidentalis. The daily maximum theoretical capture amount of the predatory mites on the first-instar nymphs of the Frankliniella occidentalis is 10.9051 heads, and the daily maximum theoretical capture amount of the second-instar nymphs is 3.9108 heads, which shows that the predatory mites can capture the first-instar nymphs and the second-instar nymphs of the Frankliniella occidentalis, and meanwhile, within a certain range, the theoretical capture amount and the actual capture amount of the predatory mites on different insect states of the Frankliniella occidentalis can be increased along with the increase of the density of the Frankliniella occidentalis, but when the density of the Frankliniella occidentalis is continuously increased, the theoretical capture amount and the actual capture amount are not increased remarkably and tend to be gentle. In conclusion, the insect quantity ratio of predatory mites to first-instar nymphs of frankliniella occidentalis is 1:10-25 is proper, and the ratio of the predatory mites to the second-instar nymphs of Frankliniella occidentalis is 1:3-9 are preferred.
Example 3
Predatory mites with different densities are respectively used for predating nymphs of the Frankliniella occidentalis at one age, interference response data of the predatory mites on the Frankliniella occidentalis are obtained, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) 30 nymphs of first-instar of Frankliniella occidentalis are connected into the predation function reaction device by using a small wet writing brush;
(2) Respectively connecting different numbers of predatory mites hungry for 24 hours into the predatory function reaction device, and putting the predatory mites into an artificial climate box (the temperature is 25 +/-1 ℃, and the humidity is 70% +/-5%); wherein the number of predatory mites is 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively;
(3) Taking out 24h later, observing and recording the number of nymphs of the first-age frankliniella occidentalis under a stereoscopic microscope, setting 5 repetitions for each density test, and showing data in a table 4;
(4) Interference and competition model equation a = aX using Watt -b And (4) fitting the data obtained in the step (3), wherein A is the predatory number of the thistles, a is the attack rate of the predatory mites under the uncompetitive condition, X is the predatory mite density, and b is the intraspecific competition parameter of the predatory mites.
TABLE 4 average predation of predatory mites on first instar nymphs of Frankliniella occidentalis at different densities
From the data in table 4, the self-interference equation of predatory mites on the first instar nymphs of frankliniella occidentalis was found to be a =8.3985X -0.2062 。
Using the above equation and the data in table 4, a line plot of predatory mite density versus the amount of nymphs of frankliniella occidentalis at one age was plotted. The results show (table 4) that when the number of first-instar nymphs of western flower thrips is the same, the average predation number of predatory mites on the first-instar nymphs of western flower thrips gradually decreases with the increase of the predatory mite density; when the number of the nymphs of the first-instar of the western flower thrips is 30, and the density of predatory mites is 1, 2, 3 and 4, the average predation number of the nymphs of the first-instar of the western flower thrips is remarkably reduced, and when the density of the predatory mites is increased from 4 heads/dish to 5 heads/dish, the average predation density is not remarkably reduced; as seen from fig. 4, the average food capture data of the interference and competition model equation obtained by fitting tended to agree with the actual average food capture data. In conclusion, when the predatory mites are used for controlling the first-instar nymphs of the frankliniella occidentalis, the predatory mites and the first-instar nymphs of the frankliniella occidentalis can be predated to the maximum extent when the insect quantity ratio of the predatory mites to the first-instar nymphs of the frankliniella occidentalis is controlled to be 1-3 (namely 1-10-30), and the interference and competition of the predatory mites are reduced.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preventing and treating thrips by predatory mites is characterized by comprising the following steps: the amblyseius swirskii predates on the frankliniella occidentalis to prevent and treat.
2. The method for controlling thrips by predatory mites as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the control method comprises the step of preying the nymphs of the first or second instar of the Frankliniella occidentalis by utilizing the female adult mites of the Amblyseius swirskii.
3. The method for controlling thrips by predatory mites as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the control comprises one or more of the following:
(1) 5-30 parts of amblyseius swirskii female adult mite according to the insect quantity ratio of the amblyseius swirskii female adult mite to the nymph of first-instar of Frankliniella occidentalis of 1;
(2) And (3) putting the amblyseius swirskii female adult mites according to the insect quantity ratio of the amblyseius swirskii female adult mites to the two-instar nymphs of Frankliniella occidentalis of 1.
4. The method for controlling thrips by predatory mites as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the control comprises one or more of the following:
(1) According to the insect quantity ratio of the amblyseius swirskii to the nymph of the first instar of the Frankliniella occidentalis of 1;
(2) And (3) putting the amblyseius swirskii female adult mites according to the insect quantity ratio of the amblyseius swirskii female adult mites to the two-instar nymphs of Frankliniella occidentalis of 1.
5. The method for controlling thrips by predatory mites as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the Amblyseius swirskii is subjected to hunger treatment for 24h and then put in the container, and the environmental temperature is kept at 25 +/-1 ℃ and the humidity is kept at 70% +/-5%.
6. A method for screening the best age of Amblyseius swirskii adult female mite for preventing and treating Frankliniella occidentalis is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Constructing a predation function reaction device;
(2) Putting nymphs of different insect states of the frankliniella occidentalis into the predation function reaction device;
(3) And putting the amblyseius swirskii adult mites hungry for 24h, keeping the environmental temperature at 25 +/-1 ℃ and the humidity at 70% +/-5%, observing and counting after 24h, and calculating the preference selection coefficient.
7. A method for calculating the optimal prevention and control amount of Amblyseius swirskii on different insect states of Frankliniella occidentalis is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: different numbers of frankliniella occidentalis are connected into the predation function reaction device; and then putting the amblyseius swirskii adult mites hungry for 24h, keeping the environmental temperature at 25 +/-1 ℃ and the humidity at 70% +/-5%, observing and counting after 24h, and calculating the optimal prevention and control amount.
8. A method for calculating the optimal release amount of female adult mites of Amblyseius swirskii is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps: putting frankliniella occidentalis in the predation function reaction device; and then putting different numbers of amblyseius swirskii adult mites which are hungry for 24h, keeping the environmental temperature at 25 +/-1 ℃ and the humidity at 70% +/-5%, observing and counting after 24h, and calculating the optimal release amount.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116035036A (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-05-02 | 中国农业大学 | Application of neoseiulus neoseius in prevention and treatment of leguminous plants, namely, bean thistle and horse |
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| CN101111149A (en) * | 2004-12-31 | 2008-01-23 | 科伯特有限公司 | Mite composition and its use, method for breeding predatory phytoseiidae mite such as Pagumogonimus cucumeris and breeding system used for breeding the same, method for biotic control of pest on crop |
| CN105210732A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2016-01-06 | 云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司 | A kind of method utilizing Predatory Mites to prevent and treat tobacco-plant pest-insect |
| CN108605719A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-10-02 | 四川国光农化股份有限公司 | A kind of control method of caraway Frankliniella occidentalis |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116035036A (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-05-02 | 中国农业大学 | Application of neoseiulus neoseius in prevention and treatment of leguminous plants, namely, bean thistle and horse |
| CN116035036B (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-05-30 | 中国农业大学 | Application of neoseiulus neoseius in prevention and treatment of leguminous plants, namely, bean thistle and horse |
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