CN117296803B - Method for large-scale propagation of sectional type halimasch mites and application - Google Patents
Method for large-scale propagation of sectional type halimasch mites and application Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for large-scale propagation of sectional type halimasch mites and application thereof. According to the method, firstly, a plurality of low-cost and easily-raised prey mites are used for propagating the horsetail mites, then sweet fruit mites which cannot colonize and grow in raw grains are selected for propagating the horsetail mites, on the basis of realizing the large-scale propagation of the horsetail mites, the situation that harmful natural enemy prey is not present in the raw grains except for the natural enemy horsetail mites after application and throwing is ensured, beneficial and harmful separation is realized, and the feeding prey which cannot colonize the natural enemy in a grain depot is laid for the popularization and application of the biological control technology of the horsetail mites.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological control, and particularly relates to a method for large-scale propagation of sectional type halimasch mites and application thereof.
Background
The technology for preventing and controlling grain storage pests by using the malus baceus (Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans) is a natural enemy biological prevention technology, and the technology is used for culturing predatory mites, namely the malus baceus predatory mites, in a standardized way, releasing the predatory mites to a grain depot or a storage place before large-scale occurrence of the pests, and timely supplementing and putting the predatory mites, so that an effective population is established by natural enemies, and eggs and low-age larvae of the predatory pests; achieving the aims of inhibiting pest population density and controlling pests for a long time. The technology is a sustainable treatment technology which is green, environment-friendly, economical and long-acting, and does not harm grains. The technology supports medicament decrement and serves green storage and lifting actions.
The method has wide application space in the aspect of biological control of grain storage pests, and the key to popularization and application of the technology is that natural enemies and harmful prey are separated when the method is used for large-scale feeding and throwing of the malus asiatica. At present, a large amount of large-scale breeding is realized, and powder-feeding mites which are easy to propagate and low in breeding cost are mostly adopted to breed the six-fingered white mites, such as the Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank)), the white mites (Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Troupeau)) and the coarse foot white mites (Acarus siro L.), the powder-feeding mites can harm grains, and when natural enemies are put into a grain depot, the powder-feeding mites enter the grain depot along with the natural enemies and colonize and survive in the grain depot, so that although the large-scale propagation is realized, the application of the natural enemy prevention and control technology is limited because the powder-feeding mites cannot be effectively separated from the natural enemies (the six-fingered white mites).
Therefore, the establishment of the efficient artificial feeding method for the malus asiatica rapidly realizes population growth of the malus asiatica, and meanwhile, the effective separation of beneficial and harmful effects can be realized during application, so that the method is a key link of the current application of the technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sectional feeding method of a local dominant natural enemy-malus mandshurica for controlling grain storage pests and pest mites. The feeding method ensures that harmful feeding prey of natural enemies cannot be colonized in a grain depot during application on the basis of realizing mass feeding of the six-fingered meat mites.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a biological control application of the above method to obtain the mites of the meat of the six hawks.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for large-scale propagation of sectional type halimasch mites, which comprises the following steps:
the first stage: a prey mite feeding stage of the malus haliotidis; putting the malus asiatica and the prey mites into a feeding medium according to the proportion that the number of the malus asiatica is more than or equal to 1:10 and more than or equal to 1:150, feeding the malus asiatica and the prey mites at the temperature of 28+/-1 ℃ and the humidity of 75+/-2%, and feeding the malus asiatica in the next stage when the number of the rear malus asiatica and adult mites is at least more than 50%, and the density of the malus asiatica is at least more than 10 heads/g; wherein the prey mites are one or more of aleyrodes elliptica, aleyrodes crudes, tyrophagus putrescentiae, tyrophagus linens, lepidoptera and sweet mite;
And a second stage: a sweet fruit mite feeding stage of the malus asiatica; after the first-stage feeding is finished, sweet fruit mites are placed in a feeding medium according to the proportion that the number of the sweet fruit mites is more than or equal to 1:10 and more than or equal to 1:300, the feeding is continued under the conditions that the temperature is 28+/-1 ℃ and the humidity is 75+/-2%, when the number of the rear-stage and adult mites of the sweet fruit mites is at least more than 50%, the density of the sweet fruit mites of the sweet fruit is at least more than 10 heads/g, and when the number of the prey mites of the first stage is lower than 2 heads/g, the large-scale propagation of the sweet fruit mites is finished. The six-fingered meat mites cultivated in the stage usually have a small amount of sweet fruit mites coexisted with the six-fingered meat mites, and do not need to be separated, but the quantity of the prey mites remained in the first stage needs to be controlled, so that the six-fingered meat mites have good biocontrol effect during application and throwing.
In the present invention, the inventors found through a large number of studies that: the sweet fruit mites are dominant prey of the six-fingered meat mites, do not harm the environment released by the growing crops and predatory mites, and are not easy to colonize and grow in the raw grain. However, the sweet fruit mites have special feeding habits compared with other mites, and are favored to eat foods with high sugar content, including white sugar, brown sugar, fruit sugar, biscuits, cakes and the like, and compared with common mites, the feeding cost and difficulty of the sweet fruit mites are high. Therefore, aiming at the mites of the malus asiatica, the invention adopts a sectional feeding mode, in the first stage, the rapid population expansion is realized by using common mites easy to raise in the feeding stage of the broad-feeding prey mites of the six-fingered meat mites; in the second stage of sweet fruit mite feeding of the sweet fruit mites, the characteristics that sweet fruit mites like food with higher sweetness and cannot survive in a grain depot are utilized, the population of the sweet fruit mites is kept, and meanwhile, when the sweet fruit mites are applied and put in, the sweet fruit mites cannot survive in the grain depot after being put in the grain depot along with the sweet fruit mites, so that beneficial and harmful separation is realized, and harmful feeding prey of natural enemies cannot be colonized in the grain depot, and efficient and harmless application is realized.
Further, in the present invention, the feeding method of the prey mites or the sweet fruit mites is as follows: according to 100-1000 prey mites or sweet fruit mites per g of feed, the feed is inoculated, and the feed is fed to the feed until the density of the prey mites or sweet fruit mites reaches at least 10000 heads/g under the conditions of the temperature of 25-28 ℃ and the humidity of 60-90%.
Further, the feed for feeding the prey mites is one or more of wheat bran, whole wheat flour and oat flour. Preferably, the feed for feeding the prey mites can be added with one or more of yeast, soft white sugar or amino acid.
Illustratively, the feed for feeding the prey mites is wheat bran, and beer yeast, soft white sugar and L-valine are added, wherein the addition amounts of the three components are 15%,17% and 1% of the mass of the wheat bran respectively.
Further, the feed for feeding the sweet mites is yeast; preferably, the feed for feeding the sweet mites is Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Further, in the present invention, the feeding medium is one or more of wheat bran, wheat, rice or lettuce seeds, which can provide survival, ventilation, and spawning space for the gulfweed or its prey.
The invention also provides application of the sectional type marshland mite with the sweet fruit mites in controlling grain storage pests and pest mites in a granary.
Further, the number of days of feeding in the second stage should be not less than 7 days before the granary is put in.
Furthermore, during the throwing, the quantity of the sweet fruit mites carried by the malus asiatica is controlled to be more than or equal to 1:5 and more than or equal to 1:100. Therefore, when the application and the throwing are ensured, the malus asiatica is a population carrying only a small amount of sweet fruit mites, and the sweet fruit mites cannot survive in a grain depot after being thrown into the grain depot along with the malus asiatica, so that the beneficial and harmful separation is realized, and the harmful feeding prey of natural enemies cannot be colonized in the grain depot.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
According to the method, by raising the malformation mite in stages, the rapid growth of the malformation mite population is realized, the situation that harmful natural enemy prey cannot colonize when the malformation mite is applied to a granary to prevent and control pests is ensured, the beneficial and harmful separation is indirectly realized, the effective utilization of the natural enemy is ensured, and technical support is laid for popularization and application of the malformation mite biological control technology.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows population age-characteristic survival rate (lx), female mite age-characteristic fertility (fx, 4), population age-characteristic fertility (mx), and population age-characteristic fertility value (lxmx) of the marshlik feeding sweet fruit mites.
Fig. 2 shows population age-characteristic survival rate (lx), female mite age-characteristic fertility (fx, 4), population age-characteristic fertility (mx), and population age-characteristic fertility value (lxmx) of the white mites feeding on the white mites.
Fig. 3 shows population age-characteristic survival (lx), female mite age-characteristic fertility (fx, 4), population age-characteristic fertility (mx), and population age-characteristic fertility value (lxmx) of the feeding tobacco first eggs of the malus baccata.
Fig. 4 shows population age-characteristic survival (lx), female mite age-characteristic fertility (fx, 4), population age-characteristic fertility (mx), and population age-characteristic fertility value (lxmx) of the bark beetle eggs fed by the malus reesei.
Fig. 5 shows population age-characteristic survival rate (lx), female mite age-characteristic fertility (fx, 4), population age-characteristic fertility (mx), and population age-characteristic fertility value (lxmx) of a six-fingered meat mite feeding on a valia azedarach egg.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical scheme and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 15 Effect of prey on growth and development of Methanomycota equi
In order to clearly determine the influence of the white mite, the sweet fruit mite and the representative storage pest eggs on the growth and development of the six-fingered white mites, the living history is observed in a single-head feeding mode, and a foundation is laid for the screening of dominant prey.
From a stable laboratory population of the six-fingered mites, eggs laid after collection of the 100 female adult mites for 24 hours were randomly selected, transferred to a standard feeding device (20×20×2 mm) for single-head feeding, and 60 replicates were set for each prey. After eggs are hatched, flour mites, sweet fruit mites, tobacco beetle eggs, cereal beetle eggs and long-angle flat cereal thieving eggs are respectively selected for feeding. In order to record the duration of the stage before the mites do not form, the development progress of the mites is observed once every 12h under an ST70 binocular stereo microscope, and parameters such as the egg period, young mites, the development calendar period of the mites, sex ratio and death condition, the life span of male and female mites, the pre-spawning period, spawning quantity and the like are recorded. Under laboratory conditions, an age-age amphoteric life chart was established for different prey mites feeding marsix meat. All the different experimental groups are placed in a MEMMERT HPP-type constant temperature and constant humidity incubator with the temperature of 28 ℃ and the RH of 75% and the photoperiod of 0L to 24D for feeding.
As can be seen from Table 1 and FIG. 1, these 5 prey species all allowed the six-fingered meat mites to complete their entire life cycle and develop normally. From the important parameters of population expansion, namely fertility and fertility curve, except tobacco first eggs of stored pests, the egg laying amount of the Pinus elliptica and the sweet fruit mites is higher, and the egg laying amount is 325 grains and 369 grains respectively; the change curve of fertility and survival rate with time also shows that the white mites and the sweet fruit mites are dominant prey of the sea beetles, and the large-scale propagation of the sea beetles can be realized. In addition, when the same method is adopted to test that the white mites, the Tyrophagus putrescentiae, the Tyrophagus linetis, the Lepidoptera and the sweet mite are prey, the growth and development of the Malus asiatica are carried out, and a similar conclusion is obtained, namely that the population expansion of the Malus asiatica can be realized by the common pest mites.
Table 1 development calendar and reproductive ability of feeding 5 prey mites, marsix-shell meat
Note that: data in the table are mean ± standard error. The different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) as tested by Duncan's new complex polar error method.
Example 2 population development and predation of stage feeding of Malus baccata
Eggs of the six-fingered white mites of the same day old are taken to be fed in a single head in a feeding device, and 60 repetitions are set. After eggs are hatched, the white mites and the sweet fruit mites are adopted to feed the white mites in stages, and the white mites are placed in a fully dark environment at 28+/-1 ℃ and with 75+/-2% of humidity for cultivation. The result shows that after the white mites are bred for 30 days and then the sweet fruit mites are bred for 10 days, the population of the white mites has vigorous fertility, the white mites begin to spawn about 20 days, the average daily spawning quantity is about 20 grains, and the spawning quantity is not influenced after the white mites are replaced by the sweet fruit mites. In the predatory capacity of the malus asiatica, 18 heads of the elliptical food mites are predated on average, and about 15 heads of the sweet fruit mites are predated on average. After 40 days of staged feeding, simulated application and feeding are carried out, common storage pest eggs are adopted for feeding, the predation condition of the malus asiatica on pests is observed, and the result shows that the malus asiatica can normally predate the tobacco first eggs, the bark beetle eggs and the long-angle flat-grain pirate eggs, and the daily predation amount is between 3 and 8 grains. The method shows that after the malus asiatica is bred in stages, the population of the malus asiatica can be rapidly propagated, and meanwhile, the efficient predatory capacity of the malus asiatica is maintained.
Example 3 determination of survival of Pinus elliptica and Tetranychus urticae in raw grain and crude products thereof
The white mites are the common storage mites in China and harm various stored grains and foods.
The sweet fruit mites belong to the general order of the real mites, the no-valve order and the fruit mite family, are widely distributed, are different from other flour mites in food selection, and are favored to eat sugar foods containing lactic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid and the like.
The wheat, the rice, the wheat bran and the rice husk are used as single feeds, the wheat bran (mass ratio of 67%), the brewer's yeast (mass ratio of 15%), the soft sugar (mass ratio of 17%) and the L-valine (mass ratio of 1%) are used as mixed feeds for feeding the white mites and the sweet mites, and the sweet mites fed by the yeast are used as controls (the feeds for normally feeding the sweet mites), whether the white mites and the sweet mites survive in grains or not is observed, and a support is provided for feeding and application after feeding of the meat mites of the six horses in the second stage.
Weighing a proper amount of the feeds respectively, and putting the feeds into a breathable culture device, so that the thickness of the feeds in the culture device reaches 80mm after the feeds are tiled; then 200 heads of the feed per g are respectively inoculated with the flour mites and the sweet fruit mites; after the inoculation, the strain is placed at 28+/-1 ℃ and 75+/-2% of humidity and cultured for 30 days in a fully dark environment, and the population quantity of the Pinus ellipticus and the sweet fruit mites is observed. Facilities for preventing the hunting from escaping, such as white oil or water, are arranged around the breeding device during the breeding process.
The results show that the flour mites can survive in wheat, rice, wheat bran, rice hulls and mixed feed, wherein the population is the largest in the mixed feed, and the wheat bran, wheat, rice hulls and rice are the next most. However, the sweet fruit mites are not able to establish an effective population except for yeasts having relatively high sugar content. In the staged culture, the sweet fruit mites are selected as the feed of the second stage of the malus baceus, can effectively realize that a small amount of sweet fruit mites brought in by the application of the malus asiatica in the granary can not colonize, and the grain safety can not be influenced.
Example 4 application of a Methan mite in a solid warehouse raised in stages
The grain bin filled with wheat is controlled by utilizing the malus asiatica fed in stages, 2 similar wheat grain bins are subjected to the Fujian Zhangzhou, one is used as a comparison bin, the other is used as an experimental bin, the malus asiatica fed in stages and carrying a small amount of sweet fruit mites are fed in the experimental bin, half a year of continuous feeding is carried out in the real bin, and the initial pest occurrence condition is the common pest grain grade, namely 1-3 heads/kg of grains. And the density of the pests and mites is detected by using a manual sampling method. After 2 years, grain samples of 3 layers (upper, middle and lower) at 5 positions (four corners and middle) of 2 solid bins are sampled, only a small amount of the malformation mite is found in the experimental bins, but no harmful elliptical powder mites and sweet fruit mites are found, so that the malformation mite solid bins raised in stages are used without bringing in raised prey, and the separation of natural enemies and harmful prey is realized.
The 5400 tons of wheat reserves are put in 15 ten thousand for a single time, continuously put in for 6 months, and the 90 ten thousand predatory mites count 500 yuan, so that fumigation is avoided in one year in the two-year storage period, and the sulfuryl fluoride is locally fumigated in one year, and the dosage is 6kg; the control bin is fumigated by sulfuryl fluoride once a year, 80kg of the total medicine is used for two years, 65 yuan/kg of sulfuryl fluoride is used, and the cost is 5200 yuan. In pest control effect, as can be seen from table 2, before the control bin adopts chemical sulfuryl fluoride for fumigation, the pest population density is the maximum time, the experimental bin and the control bin generate corn weevil and rust red flat grain theft, the pest densities of the two pests are sampled and screened, the density of the control bin fumigated by the chemical is found to be 10-15 heads/kg, serious pest grains are reached, the predatory mites are 1-5 heads/kg, and the pest population density belongs to common pest grains (the classification of the pest grain grade is according to GB/T29890 grain and oil storage technical specification), and fumigation treatment is not needed.
Therefore, the marjoram mites raised in stages can effectively prevent grain storage pests, are economical and long-acting, and have no natural enemy raising prey colonization hazard.
Table 2 pest control experiment data recording table
It should be understood that the foregoing examples of the present invention are provided merely for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and that various other changes and modifications may be made therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The application of the malus asiatica in controlling grain storage pests and mites in a granary is characterized in that the malus asiatica is obtained by a sectional large-scale propagation method, and the sectional large-scale propagation method comprises the following steps:
the first stage: a prey mite feeding stage of the malus haliotidis; putting the malus asiatica and the prey mites into a feeding medium according to the proportion that the number of the malus asiatica is more than or equal to 1:10 and more than or equal to 1:150, feeding the malus asiatica and the prey mites at the temperature of 28+/-1 ℃ and the humidity of 75+/-2%, and feeding the malus asiatica in the next stage when the number of the rear malus asiatica and adult mites is at least more than 50%, and the density of the malus asiatica is at least more than 10 heads/g; wherein the prey mites are one or more of aleyrodes elliptica, aleyrodes crudes, tyrophagus putrescentiae, tyrophagus linens, lepidoptera and sweet mite;
And a second stage: a sweet fruit mite feeding stage of the malus asiatica; after the first-stage feeding is completed, the meat mites of the six hawk are fed in a feeding medium according to the quantity of 1:10: putting sweet fruit mites in a ratio of more than or equal to 1:300, continuously breeding under the conditions of the temperature of 28+/-1 ℃ and the humidity of 75+/-2%, and completing large-scale propagation of the sweet fruit mites when the number of the sweet fruit mites and adult mites is at least more than 50% after the sweet fruit mites are eaten by the sweet potato mites, the density of the sweet fruit mites is at least more than 10 heads/g, and the number of the prey mites in the first stage is lower than 2 heads/g;
Before the granary is put in, the number of days of feeding in the second stage is not less than 7 days;
When the composition is put in, the quantity of the sweet mites carried by the sweet mites is controlled to be more than or equal to 1:5, and the quantity of the sweet mites carried by the sweet mites is more than or equal to 1:100.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the feeding method of the prey mites or the sweet fruit mites is as follows: according to 100-1000 prey mites or sweet fruit mites per g of feed, the feed is inoculated, and the feed is fed to the feed until the density of the prey mites or sweet fruit mites reaches at least 10000 heads/g under the conditions of the temperature of 25-28 ℃ and the humidity of 60-90%.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the feed for feeding prey mites is one or more of wheat bran, whole wheat flour, oat flour.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the feed for feeding prey mites is additionally supplemented with one or more of yeast, white soft sugar or amino acids.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the feed for feeding prey mites is wheat bran, and beer yeast, soft white sugar and L-valine are added; the addition amount of each component is 15% of beer yeast, 17% of soft white sugar, 1% of L-valine and the balance of wheat bran.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the feed for feeding the spider mites is yeast; preferably, the feed for feeding the sweet mites is Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the feeding medium is one or more of wheat bran, wheat, rice, or lettuce seeds.
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| CN101961000A (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2011-02-02 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Method for breeding large amount of Stratiolaelaps scimitus and Hypoaspis aculeifer (Canestrini) manually |
| CN106071076A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-09 | 崔玉宝 | A kind of method utilizing dust mite to raise Cheyletus eruditus |
| CN109526876A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-03-29 | 国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院 | The method for breeding of Cheyletusmoorei and application |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101961000A (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2011-02-02 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Method for breeding large amount of Stratiolaelaps scimitus and Hypoaspis aculeifer (Canestrini) manually |
| CN106071076A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-09 | 崔玉宝 | A kind of method utilizing dust mite to raise Cheyletus eruditus |
| CN109526876A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-03-29 | 国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院 | The method for breeding of Cheyletusmoorei and application |
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