CN109526455B - Strawberry three-dimensional planting device and cultivation method - Google Patents
Strawberry three-dimensional planting device and cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109526455B CN109526455B CN201811486802.2A CN201811486802A CN109526455B CN 109526455 B CN109526455 B CN 109526455B CN 201811486802 A CN201811486802 A CN 201811486802A CN 109526455 B CN109526455 B CN 109526455B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/022—Pots for vertical horticulture
- A01G9/023—Multi-tiered planters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G27/00—Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, and discloses a stereoscopic strawberry planting device which comprises a main support column and a water bath box, wherein the main support column is provided with an upper groove frame, an upper matrix groove, a middle groove frame, a middle matrix groove, a lower groove frame, a lower matrix groove, a support frame, a side reflector, a water layer chamber, a transverse water pipe, a vertical water pipe, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a sliding block, a sliding rail and a light reflecting surface; the invention also discloses a three-dimensional cultivation method using the strawberry three-dimensional planting device. The invention also solves the illumination requirement of the strawberries at each position on the planting device on the basis of utilizing the space occupied by the planting device, efficiently utilizes the space, is convenient for manually treating the strawberries in the middle of the device, can prevent waterlogging, increases the heat transfer efficiency, improves the quality of the strawberries, can meet the light quantity and temperature required by the growth of the strawberries, is more environment-friendly, and can reduce the transpiration amount at the roots of the strawberries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a strawberry three-dimensional planting device and a strawberry cultivation method.
Background
The planting technology of the strawberries is high in requirement, and the planting of the strawberries is greatly influenced by temperature, illumination and soil moisture. When the temperature is low, the time from flowering to maturity is long, and the fruit size is large; when the temperature is high, the fruit development time is short, the fruit is small and premature, no yield exists, the temperature difference between day and night is large, the photosynthetic product accumulation is large, the respiration consumption is low, the formed fruit is large, and the fruit quality is good; the fruit vinegar has the advantages that the fruit vinegar is sufficient in illumination, vigorous in light and effect, high in assimilation (converting other substances into substances required by the fruit vinegar), high in carbohydrate supply to fruits, rapid in fruit expansion, and capable of obviously reducing the sugar content and the vitamin C content in the fruits in the mature period of the fruits in rainy days to influence the fruit quality; the water content in fresh strawberries is generally 88-93%, the soil moisture is sufficient, fruits are fast to expand, the quality is good, the moisture is insufficient, the fruits are shriveled and lightless, the fruits are small, the transpiration of root moisture is particularly reduced in the strawberry planting process due to the fact that the root systems of the strawberries are distributed shallowly and the transpiration amount is large, the root moisture is supplemented in time, and actually, the strawberries grow better in a relatively humid environment.
The traditional strawberry planting method is to plant strawberries on the ground at present, the space utilization rate of the method is low, the yield of unit area and unit space is greatly limited, particularly, the strawberries are planted in greenhouses and greenhouses, the production profit is greatly reduced due to high management and maintenance cost, in addition, as the aging of agricultural population in China is getting worse and the production and labor cost is continuously improved, the strawberry planting profit is urgently needed to be increased from the aspects of the quality and the yield of the strawberries, and the operation efficiency is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems, the invention provides the strawberry three-dimensional planting device which is simple in structure, can maximize the utilization of unit space area, can enhance illumination, creates an environment beneficial to the growth of strawberries and improves economic benefits.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a stereoscopic strawberry planting device comprises a main support column and a water bath box, wherein the main support column is sequentially provided with an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer from top to bottom; the upper layer is provided with an upper groove frame, the upper groove frame is arranged on the outer side of the main support column, and an upper substrate groove is formed in the upper groove frame; the middle layer is provided with a middle-arranged groove frame which is provided with a medium groove; the lower layer is provided with a lower slotted frame, the lower slotted frame is provided with a lower matrix slot, the lower layer is provided with at least two layers, support frames are arranged between the upper slotted frame and the lower slotted frame and between the lower slotted frame and the lower slotted frame, and two ends of the lower slotted frame are provided with side reflecting plates;
the utility model discloses a solar water heater, including water bath tank, main tributary strut, water layer room, water outlet pipe, slider and slide rail, the water bath tank is equipped with water pump and control valve outward, the side that the water bath tank is close to the reflector panel is equipped with illumination device, it all is equipped with the water layer room to go up matrix groove, well matrix groove and lower matrix groove bottom, be equipped with horizontal water pipe between the water layer room, the main tributary strut is equipped with vertical water pipe, vertical water pipe links to each other with the water layer room, be equipped with the inlet tube between the water layer room of water pump and bottom, be equipped with the outlet pipe between the water layer room of control valve and bottom, the lower tank tower of bottom has slider and slide rail, the slider is located in the slide rail, the bottom of going.
Further, well matrix groove, put the cell holder in, matrix groove, put the cell holder down, water layer room, slider and the intermediate position of slide rail all are equipped with the baffle, the baffle is with well matrix groove, put the cell holder in, matrix groove, put the cell holder down, water layer room, slider and slide rail are separated into about and two parts of separation and symmetry, during strawberry plant growth, if will handle strawberry plant or strawberry, can pull open this planting device along the slide rail respectively left and right, this moment staff alright with walk the empty space processing who goes out on the water bath and be located the middle strawberry plant of whole planting device, both high-efficient the utilization space, the manual handling strawberry of being convenient for again.
Furthermore, both ends of the slide rail extend out of both sides of the water bath box, so when the whole device is separated from the middle, the whole device is suspended outside the water bath box, and the section of the slide rail extending out of the water bath box plays a role in bearing.
Furthermore, the number of the water pumps and the control valves is two, the water pumps and the control valves are symmetrically arranged on the water bath tank and are used for respectively supplying water and draining water in the water layer chamber separated by the partition plate.
Furthermore, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are telescopic water pipes, and when the whole device slides towards the two sides of the water bath tank relative to the water bath tank, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe cannot obstruct the operation process.
Furthermore, the bottom of the upper substrate groove, the middle substrate groove and the lower substrate groove is provided with a layer of separation net higher than the bottom, the surface of the separation net is in a sawtooth shape, the separation net forms an independent space at the bottom of the upper substrate groove, the middle substrate groove and the lower substrate groove, excessive water in the substrate can be leaked into the independent space, and the function of preventing waterlogging is achieved; in addition, the separation net and the water layer chamber can be combined to present another effect, when excessive water in the substrate drops into the space below the separation net, a water chamber is formed in the space below the separation net, the temperature in the water layer chamber can be transferred to the space, so that the water under the separation net is changed in temperature, and compared with cold water, warm water can easily form water vapor, so that a relatively humid space is formed below the separation net, the substrate is further positioned in a humid environment, and the humid environment is more beneficial to the growth of strawberries.
Meanwhile, based on the problems, the invention provides the strawberry three-dimensional cultivation method which can effectively enhance the illumination required by the growth of the strawberries, reduce the transpiration amount of the root systems of the strawberries, preserve moisture, ventilate and preserve heat.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a strawberry three-dimensional cultivation method is based on the strawberry three-dimensional planting device and comprises the following steps:
1) installation of strawberry three-dimensional planting device
The upper layer, the middle layer, the lower layer, the main supporting column, the sliding block and the sliding rail are assembled on the water bath box, then the side reflecting plates are arranged at the two ends of the lower slotted frame, the angle between the side reflecting plates and the lower slotted frame is 155-163 degrees, the middle substrate groove is bilaterally symmetrical by taking the center of the middle groove frame as a symmetrical point, the lower substrate groove is bilaterally symmetrical by taking the center of the lower groove frame as a symmetrical point, the lower substrate tank is divided into three sections by the main support columns, which are respectively defined as S1, S2 and S3, the length of S1 is the same as that of S3, the distance between the middle trough frame and the lower trough frame is the same as that between the lower trough frame and the lower trough frame, and is defined as S4, the length of the side reflector is defined as S5, S2, (S1/S3), the length ratio of S4 to S5 is (3-3.3): (2-2.4): (1.5-2): (0.8 to 1); then placing the illumination device on the water bath tank and on the side of the side reflector, wherein the included angle between the illumination device and the horizontal plane on the side of the water bath tank is 39-43 degrees;
2) filling the substrate and planting the seedling
Laying a layer of metal balls with the diameter of 0.5cm on the separation net of the upper substrate groove, the middle substrate groove and the lower substrate groove, laying a substrate on the metal ball layer, then laying a drip irrigation pipe, taking out strong seedlings from a seedling pot, lightly shaking off the root substrate, removing old leaves, and then planting; two rows are planted on the upper matrix groove and the middle matrix groove, and four rows are planted on the lower matrix groove; after planting, inserting one straw into every two planting seedlings at intervals, then paving ceramic balls on the substrate and the drip irrigation pipe, wherein the ceramic balls are tightly connected and paved, the diameter of the ceramic balls in the range of 4cm around the roots of the planting seedlings is 0.5cm, the paving thickness is two layers, the diameter of the ceramic balls at other places is 1cm, the paving thickness is one layer, the planting seedlings and the straw are exposed out of the surfaces of the ceramic balls in the paving process of the ceramic balls, and the stacking of the metal balls, the substrate and the ceramic balls is lower than the edges of the upper substrate groove, the middle substrate groove and the lower substrate groove where the metal balls, the substrate and the ceramic balls are located;
3) water bath insulation
And (3) turning on a water pump, pumping warm water into the vertical water pipe and the water layer chamber through a water inlet pipe, enabling the temperature of the warm water pumped out of the water bath tank to be higher than 3 ℃ of the temperature required by the growth of the roots of the strawberries, turning off the water pump after the water layer chamber, the vertical water pipe and the transverse water pipe are filled with the water, simultaneously turning on the water pump and the control valve every 8 hours to discharge the water in the water layer chamber, the vertical water pipe and the transverse water pipe, and simultaneously continuously pumping the warm water into the water layer chamber, the vertical water pipe.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention also solves the illumination requirement of strawberries at each position on the planting device on the basis of utilizing the space occupied by the planting device, efficiently utilizes the space and is convenient for manually processing the strawberries in the middle of the device; meanwhile, the separation net in the substrate groove can prevent waterlogging, and the contact area between the separation net and the bottom of the substrate is increased, so that the heat transfer efficiency is increased, a relatively humid space is provided for the growth of the strawberries, and the quality of the strawberries is improved; the light reflection angle can be adjusted to the best by adjusting the angles of the side reflecting plates and the illumination device and adjusting the length ratio of the main supporting column and the lower slotted frame so as to meet the light quantity required by the growth of the strawberries; meanwhile, the ceramic ball not only keeps warm, but also is breathable and moisturized, replaces the traditional plastic cloth, is more green and environment-friendly, can reduce the transpiration amount of the root of the strawberry, is beneficial to the better growth of the strawberry, and can be used under the conditions that the outdoor temperature is lower or the temperature difference between day and night needs to be increased to form large and good-quality fruits by the water bath heat preservation function.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a strawberry three-dimensional planting device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic bottom structure view of a lower substrate trough of a strawberry three-dimensional planting device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a separation net in a lower substrate groove of the strawberry three-dimensional planting device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the structure of the portion A of the present invention;
wherein: 1. a main support column; 2. a water bath tank; 3. an upper layer; 4. a middle layer; 5. a lower layer; 6. a groove frame is arranged on the upper part; 7. an upper substrate groove; 8. a middle trough frame; 9. a mesogen groove; 10. a groove frame is arranged below; 11. a lower substrate tank; 12. a support frame; 13. a side reflector; 14. a water pump; 15. a control valve; 16. an illumination device; 17. a water layer chamber; 18. a transverse water pipe; 19. a vertical water pipe; 20. a water inlet pipe; 21. a water outlet pipe; 22. a slider; 23. a slide rail; 24. a partition plate; 25. and (4) isolating nets.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples, fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, wherein the exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used for explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example (b):
referring to fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, a strawberry three-dimensional planting device includes upper 3, middle 4, lower 5 and water bath 2 from top to bottom in proper order, and through main tributary dagger 1 fixed connection between upper 3, middle 4 and the lower 5, main tributary dagger 1 sets up on water bath 2 through welded fastening, and main tributary dagger 1 is two.
The upper layer 3 is provided with an upper groove frame 6 and an upper substrate groove 7, the upper groove frame 6 is obliquely arranged on the outer side of the main support column 1, the upper groove frame 6 is connected with the main support column 1 in a detachable connection mode such as clamping connection, and the upper substrate groove 7 is directly placed on the upper groove frame 6; the middle layer 4 is provided with a middle trough rack 8 and a middle matrix trough 9, the middle trough rack 8 and the main support column 1 are integrally manufactured or are connected in a detachable connection mode such as clamping connection, and the middle matrix trough 9 is directly placed on the middle trough rack 8; lower floor 5 is equipped with down and puts cell-rack 10 and lower matrix groove 11, lower cell-rack 10 is connected through detachable connected modes such as joint with main tributary support column 1 for the integration preparation or, lower matrix groove 11 directly places on lower cell-rack 10, lower floor 5 sets up two-layerly at least, it all is equipped with support frame 12 between upper cell-rack 6 and the lower cell-rack 10 and between lower cell-rack 10 and the lower cell-rack 10 to put, support frame 12 and upper cell-rack 6 and the lower integrated preparation of cell-rack 10 position or through detachable connected modes such as joint, the both ends of lower cell-rack 10 all are equipped with side reflector 13, side reflector 13 is connected through the connected mode of joint with lower cell-rack 10.
A lighting device 16 is arranged on the side surface of the water bath tank 2 close to the reflector 13, a fluorescent lamp is arranged in the lighting device 16, a water pump 14 and a control valve 15 are arranged on one surface of the water bath tank 2 adjacent to the lighting device 16, and the water pumps 14 and the control valves 15 are two pairs and are respectively and symmetrically arranged; go up matrix groove 7, well matrix groove 9 and 11 bottoms in matrix groove down and all be equipped with water layer room 17, water layer room 17 and last matrix groove 7, well matrix groove 9 and matrix groove 11 preparation as an organic whole down, water layer room 17 sets up at intervals each other, be equipped with horizontal water pipe 18 between the water layer room 17, preparation as an organic whole between horizontal water pipe 18 and the water layer room 17, be equipped with vertical water pipe 19 on the main tributary pillar 1, be connected through the mode of pipe connector between vertical water pipe 19 and the water layer room 17, vertical water pipe 19 and horizontal water pipe 18 are makeed by insulation material.
A water inlet pipe 20 is arranged between the water pump 14 and the water layer chamber 17 at the bottommost layer, the outlet and the inlet of the water pump 14 are respectively connected with the water bath tank 2 and the water inlet pipe 20, a water outlet pipe 21 is arranged between the control valve 15 and the water layer chamber 17 at the bottommost layer, the water inlet pipe 20 and the water outlet pipe 21 are both telescopic water pipes, and when the whole device slides towards the two sides of the water bath tank 2 relative to the water bath tank 2, the water inlet pipe 20 and the water outlet pipe 21 cannot obstruct the operation process.
A sliding block 22 and a sliding rail 23 are arranged below the lower tank bracket 10 at the bottommost layer, the sliding block 22 is fixedly connected with the lower tank bracket 10 at the bottommost layer by welding, the sliding block 22 is arranged in the sliding rail 23, the sliding rail 23 is connected with a water bath kettle by welding, a layer of reflective surface is arranged at the bottoms of the upper substrate tank 7, the middle substrate tank 9, the lower substrate tank 11 and the water layer chamber 17, and the reflective surface can be a mirror or a reflective surface coated by reflective paint.
The middle positions of the medium matrix groove 9, the middle trough frame 8, the lower matrix groove 11, the lower trough frame 10, the water layer chamber 17, the slide block 22 and the slide rail 23 are all provided with a partition plate 24, and the partition plate 24 divides the medium matrix groove 9, the middle trough frame 8, the lower matrix groove 11, the lower trough frame 10, the water layer chamber 17, the slide block 22 and the slide rail 23 into two parts which are separated from each other left and right and are symmetrical.
When handling the strawberry during the strawberry plant growth period, pull open the device along slide rail 23 left respectively and right, because the both ends of slide rail 23 all extend outside 2 both sides of water bath tank, when whole device is partly hung in the 2 outsides of water bath tank, slide rail 23 extends that section of water bath tank 2 and has played the effect of a bearing, the staff can walk the strawberry that the space processing that vacates on water bath tank 2 was located in the middle of the whole planting device this moment, both high-efficient the utilization of space, the manual handling strawberry of being convenient for again.
The bottoms of the upper substrate groove 7, the middle substrate groove 9 and the lower substrate groove 11 are respectively provided with a layer of separation net higher than the bottom, the surface of each separation net is in a saw-toothed shape, the separation net forms an independent space at the bottoms of the upper substrate groove 7, the middle substrate groove 9 and the lower substrate groove 11, excessive water in the substrate can be enabled to leak into the independent space, and the effect of preventing waterlogging is achieved.
The method for planting the strawberries on the strawberry three-dimensional planting device comprises the following steps:
(1) installation of strawberry three-dimensional planting device
The upper layer 3, the middle layer 4, the lower layer 5, the main supporting column 1, the sliding block 22 and the sliding rail 23 are assembled on the water bath box 2, then, the side reflecting plates 13 are installed at two ends of the lower slot rack 10, the angle between the side reflecting plates 13 and the lower slot rack 10 is between 155 degrees and 163 degrees, the middle matrix slot 9 is bilaterally symmetrical by taking the center of the middle slot rack 8 as a symmetrical point, the lower matrix slot 11 is bilaterally symmetrical by taking the center of the lower slot rack 10 as a symmetrical point, the lower matrix slot 11 is divided into three sections by the main support column 1, which are respectively defined as S1, S2 and S3, the length of S1 is the same as that of S3, the distance between the middle slot rack 8 and the lower slot rack 10 is the same as that between the lower slot rack 10 and is both defined as S4, the length ratio of the side reflecting plates 13 is defined as S5, S2, (S1/S3), S4 and S5 is (3-3.3): (2-2.4): (1.5-2): (0.8 to 1); then the illumination device 16 is placed on the water bath tank 2 and positioned at the side of the side reflector 13, and the included angle between the illumination device 16 and the horizontal plane at the side of the water bath tank 2 is 39-43 degrees.
Since strawberries are of the photopic type, sufficient light is required during the growth of strawberries. In the installation process, the angle between the side reflector 13 and the lower groove frame 10 is 158 degrees, the length ratio of S2, S1/S3, S4 and S5 is 3:2:1.5:0.8, and when the included angle between the illumination device 16 and the horizontal plane of the side of the water bath box 2 is 40 degrees, the light reflection effect is best, the whole light reflection system comprises the side reflector 13, the illumination device 16, the upper matrix groove 7, the middle matrix groove 9, the lower matrix groove 11 and the light reflection surface at the bottom of the water layer chamber 17, and the illumination at the top of the whole device can be reflected to the light reflection surface at the bottom of the upper matrix groove 7, the middle matrix groove 9, the lower matrix groove 11 and the water layer chamber 17 through the side reflector 13 and then reflected to the lower matrix groove 11; the required illumination intensity is different in different growth periods of the strawberries, when strong illumination is required, the illumination device 16 can be opened, the illumination device 16 under each stereoscopic planting device can illuminate the light to the light reflecting surfaces at the bottoms of the upper matrix groove 7, the middle matrix groove 9, the lower matrix groove 11 and the water layer chamber 17 on the adjacent stereoscopic planting devices, and then the light is reflected into the lower matrix groove 11.
(2) Filling matrix and planting seedling
A layer of metal balls is laid on the separation net of the upper substrate groove 7, the middle substrate groove 9 and the lower substrate groove 11, the diameter of the metal balls is 0.5cm, then the substrate is laid on the metal ball layer, the metal ball layer can reduce the bulk materials in the substrate from falling to the bottom of the groove through the separation net, and meanwhile, the metal balls have excellent heat conductivity and cannot influence the efficiency of transferring the temperature of the water layer chamber 17 to the inside of the substrate; then laying a drip irrigation pipe, taking out strong seedlings from a seedling pot, lightly shaking off root matrixes, removing old leaves, and then planting; two rows are planted on the upper matrix groove 7 and the middle matrix groove 9, and four rows are planted on the lower matrix groove 11; after planting, inserting one straw into every two planting seedlings at intervals to facilitate ventilation and moisture preservation, then paving ceramic balls on the substrate and the drip irrigation pipe, wherein the ceramic balls are closely connected and paved, the diameter of the ceramic balls within 4cm around the roots of the planting seedlings is 0.5cm, the paving thickness is two layers, the diameter of the ceramic balls at other places is 1cm, the paving thickness is one layer, the planting seedlings and the straw are exposed out of the surfaces of the ceramic balls in the paving process of the ceramic balls, and the stacking total height of the metal balls, the substrate and the ceramic balls is lower than the edges of the upper substrate groove 7, the middle substrate groove 9 and the lower substrate groove 11.
The ceramic material has good heat preservation property, and a certain gap is formed between the ceramic balls, so that the ceramic balls are paved to preserve heat, ventilate and preserve water, the growth requirement of the strawberries is facilitated, the grown strawberries are separated from the matrix layer, and the strawberries are prevented from being stained with water and soil to be rotten, so that the economic benefit is prevented from being influenced; in addition, the roots of the strawberries are distributed shallowly, and the transpiration amount is large, so that the ceramic balls with small diameters are paved at the roots of the strawberries, and two layers are paved, so that the transpiration amount of the roots is reduced while the air permeability is ensured, and the strawberries can grow better.
The ceramic balls and the metal balls are of hollow structures, so that the bearing load of the three-dimensional planting device can be reduced, the ceramic balls replace the conventional plastic cloth, and the ceramic balls can be recycled, so that the ceramic ball planting device has the green and environment-friendly effects compared with the disposable plastic cloth.
(3) Water bath heat preservation
The water pump 14 is started, warm water is pumped into the vertical water pipe 19 and the water layer chamber 17 through the water inlet pipe 20, the temperature of the warm water pumped out of the water bath tank 2 is 3 ℃ higher than the temperature required by the growth of the roots of the strawberries, the water layer chamber 17, the vertical water pipe 19 and the transverse water pipe 18 are filled with water, the water pump 14 is closed, the water pump 14 and the control valve 15 are started at the same time every 8 hours, the water in the water layer chamber 17, the vertical water pipe 19 and the transverse water pipe 18 is discharged, and meanwhile, the warm water is continuously pumped into the water layer chamber 17, the vertical water pipe 19 and the transverse water pipe 18; since the temperature is transferred from the water layer chamber 17 to the substrate in a relatively slow process and a small part of the temperature is lost, the temperature is adjusted to be 3 ℃ higher than the required temperature, so that the temperature in the water layer chamber 17 is accelerated to be transferred into the substrate, the temperature transferred to the root of the planted seedling is ensured to be in the required temperature range, and the temperature of the substrate below the root is slightly higher than the temperature of the root, the relatively long continuous heat preservation effect can be realized on the temperature of the root, and the water in the water layer chamber 17 can be replaced after the heat preservation is continuously carried out for 8 hours.
The water layer chamber 17 in combination with the spacers on the upper substrate tank 7, the middle substrate tank 9 and the lower substrate tank 11 has the effect that when excess moisture in the substrate drips into the space below the spacers, a water chamber is formed in the space below the spacers, and the temperature in the water layer chamber 17 is transferred to the space, so that the temperature of the water below the spacers is changed, and compared with cold water, the warm water is easier to form water vapor, so that a relatively humid space is formed below the spacers, and the substrate is in a humid environment, which is more beneficial to the growth of strawberries.
The water bath heat preservation function can be used under the conditions that the outdoor temperature is low or the day and night temperature difference needs to be increased to form large and good-quality fruits.
The above-disclosed preferred embodiments of the present invention are provided to aid in the description of the invention, and not to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, since various modifications and changes may be made in the details within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. A stereoscopic strawberry planting device is characterized by comprising a main support column (1) and a water bath box (2), wherein the main support column (1) is sequentially provided with an upper layer (3), a middle layer (4) and a lower layer (5) from top to bottom; the upper layer (3) is provided with an upper groove frame (6), the upper groove frame (6) is arranged on the outer side of the main support column (1), and an upper substrate groove (7) is arranged on the upper groove frame (6); the middle layer (4) is provided with a middle-arranged groove frame (8), and the middle-arranged groove frame (8) is provided with a medium matrix groove (9); the lower layer (5) is provided with a lower groove rack (10), the upper surface of the lower groove rack (10) is provided with a lower matrix groove (11), the lower layer (5) is at least provided with two layers, support frames (12) are arranged between the upper groove rack (6) and the lower groove rack (10) and between the lower groove rack (10) and the lower groove rack (10), and two ends of the lower groove rack (10) are provided with side light reflecting plates (13);
water pump (14) and control valve (15) are equipped with outward in water bath (2), the side that water bath (2) are close to reflector panel (13) is equipped with lighting device (16), go up matrix groove (7), well matrix groove (9) and lower matrix groove (11) bottom all is equipped with water layer room (17), be equipped with horizontal water pipe (18) between water layer room (17), main tributary strut (1) is equipped with vertical water pipe (19), vertical water pipe (19) link to each other with water layer room (17), be equipped with inlet tube (20) between water layer room (17) of water pump (14) and bottom, be equipped with outlet pipe (21) between water layer room (17) of control valve (15) and bottom, set tank tower (10) down of bottom is equipped with slider (22) and slide rail (23), slider (22) are located in slide rail (23), go up matrix groove (7), The bottoms of the medium matrix groove (9), the lower matrix groove (11) and the water layer chamber (17) are provided with a layer of reflecting surface.
2. The stereoscopic strawberry planting device according to claim 1, wherein partition plates (24) are arranged at the middle positions of the medium substrate groove (9), the medium frame (8), the lower substrate groove (11), the lower frame (10), the water layer chamber (17), the slide block (22) and the slide rail (23), and the partition plates (24) divide the medium substrate groove (9), the medium frame (8), the lower substrate groove (11), the lower frame (10), the water layer chamber (17), the slide block (22) and the slide rail (23) into two parts which are symmetrical left and right.
3. The stereoscopic strawberry planting device according to claim 1, wherein both ends of the slide rail (23) protrude out of the outer wall of the water bath tank (2).
4. A strawberry stereo planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the water bath tank (2) is symmetrically provided with two water pumps (14) and two control valves (15).
5. A strawberry stereo planting device according to claim 1, wherein the water inlet pipe (20) and the water outlet pipe (21) are both telescopic water pipes.
6. The stereoscopic strawberry planting device according to claim 1, wherein the bottoms of the upper substrate groove (7), the middle substrate groove (9) and the lower substrate groove (11) are provided with a layer of separation net (25) higher than the bottoms, and the surface of the separation net is serrated.
7. A strawberry three-dimensional cultivation method is characterized in that the method is based on the strawberry three-dimensional cultivation device of any one of claims 1-5, and comprises the following steps:
1) installation of strawberry three-dimensional planting device
The upper layer (3), the middle layer (4), the lower layer (5), the main support column (1), the sliding block (22) and the sliding rail (23) are assembled on the water bath box (2), then the side reflecting plates (13) are installed at two ends of the lower groove frame (10), the angle between the side reflecting plates (13) and the lower groove frame (10) is 155-163 degrees, the middle matrix groove (9) is bilaterally symmetrical by taking the center of the middle groove frame (8) as a symmetrical point, the lower matrix groove (11) is bilaterally symmetrical by taking the center of the lower groove frame (10) as a symmetrical point, the lower matrix groove (11) is divided into three sections by the main support column (1) and is respectively defined as S1, S2 and S3, the lengths of the S1 and the S3 are the same, the distance between the middle groove frame (8) and the lower groove frame (10) is the same as the distance between the lower groove frame (10) and the lower groove frame (10), are defined as S4, the length of the side reflecting plate (13) is defined as S5, the length ratio of S2 to S1/S3 to S4 to S5 is (3-3.3) to (2-2.4) to (1.5-2) to (0.8-1); then, the illumination device (16) is placed on the water bath tank (2) and is positioned at the side of the side reflector (13), and the included angle between the illumination device (16) and the horizontal plane at the side of the water bath tank (2) is 39-43 degrees;
2) filling the substrate and planting the seedling
Laying a layer of metal balls with the diameter of 0.5cm on the separation net of the upper substrate groove (7), the middle substrate groove (9) and the lower substrate groove (11), laying a substrate on the metal ball layer, then laying a drip irrigation pipe, taking out strong seedlings from a seedling pot, slightly shaking off the root substrate, removing old leaves, and planting; two rows are planted on the upper matrix groove (7) and the middle matrix groove (9), and four rows are planted on the lower matrix groove (11); after planting, inserting one straw into every two planting seedlings at intervals, then paving ceramic balls on a substrate and a drip irrigation pipe, wherein the ceramic balls are tightly connected and paved, the diameter of the ceramic balls in the range of 4cm around the roots of the planting seedlings is 0.5cm, the paving thickness is two layers, the diameter of the ceramic balls at other places is 1cm, the paving thickness is one layer, the planting seedlings and the straw are exposed out of the surfaces of the ceramic balls in the paving process of the ceramic balls, and the stacking of the metal balls, the substrate and the ceramic balls is lower than the edge of the upper substrate groove (7), the middle substrate groove (9) and the lower substrate groove (11) where the metal balls, the substrate and the ceramic balls are located;
3) water bath insulation
And (2) turning on the water pump (14), pumping warm water into the vertical water pipe (19) and the water layer chamber (17) through the water inlet pipe (20), enabling the temperature of the warm water pumped out of the water bath box (2) to be higher than 3 ℃ of the temperature required by the growth of the roots of the strawberries, closing the water pump (14) after the water layer chamber (17), the vertical water pipe (19) and the transverse water pipe (18) are filled with the water, simultaneously turning on the water pump (14) and the control valve (15) every 8 hours, discharging the water in the water layer chamber (17), the vertical water pipe (19) and the transverse water pipe (18), and simultaneously continuously pumping the warm water into the water layer chamber (17), the vertical water pipe (19) and the transverse water pipe (18).
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| CN102210242A (en) * | 2011-04-02 | 2011-10-12 | 杭州盛庄花卉有限公司 | Strawberry three-dimensional planting base pipe and strawberry three-dimensional planting system |
| CN103380695A (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2013-11-06 | 高伟民 | Three-dimensional cultivation method of cream strawberry |
| KR101433598B1 (en) * | 2014-02-06 | 2014-09-15 | 이진우 | furniture insert type plants cultivation equipment |
| CN204579266U (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-08-26 | 姚旭 | Novel plant planting unit |
| CN105613089A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-06-01 | 杨志恒 | Landscape flower planting tube apparatus |
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| JP2018148840A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2018-09-27 | サンエービルドシステム株式会社 | Automatic-watering type three-dimensional planting system |
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2018
- 2018-12-06 CN CN201811486802.2A patent/CN109526455B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102210242A (en) * | 2011-04-02 | 2011-10-12 | 杭州盛庄花卉有限公司 | Strawberry three-dimensional planting base pipe and strawberry three-dimensional planting system |
| CN103380695A (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2013-11-06 | 高伟民 | Three-dimensional cultivation method of cream strawberry |
| KR101433598B1 (en) * | 2014-02-06 | 2014-09-15 | 이진우 | furniture insert type plants cultivation equipment |
| CN204579266U (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-08-26 | 姚旭 | Novel plant planting unit |
| CN105613089A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-06-01 | 杨志恒 | Landscape flower planting tube apparatus |
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| JP2018148840A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2018-09-27 | サンエービルドシステム株式会社 | Automatic-watering type three-dimensional planting system |
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