CN109516789A - 一种基于Gyroid曲面的多孔氧化铝陶瓷的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种基于Gyroid曲面的多孔氧化铝陶瓷的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109516789A
CN109516789A CN201811320180.6A CN201811320180A CN109516789A CN 109516789 A CN109516789 A CN 109516789A CN 201811320180 A CN201811320180 A CN 201811320180A CN 109516789 A CN109516789 A CN 109516789A
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叶喜葱
林咸参
熊金艳
吴海华
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Abstract

本发明公开一种基于Gyroid曲面的多孔Al2O3陶瓷及其制备方法,是基于一种三周期极小曲面Gyroid为基础而形成的,力学性能良好,其孔隙结构光滑连续、三维连通。所制备得具有Gyroid曲面的多孔Al2O3陶瓷,不仅具有Al2O3陶瓷硬度高、耐高温绝缘、耐侵蚀的特点,更能与Gyroid曲面结构的功能性相结合,在工业领域有极大的应用空间。所述制备方法主要包括Gyroid曲面结构的设计及3D打印;Al2O3陶瓷粉体及浆料的制备;多孔陶瓷的制备。本发明可以直接通过控制Gyroid曲面结构的参数化设计,三维结构、孔径大小、孔隙率、气孔形状分布等精确可控,使制备的多孔Al2O3陶瓷更适合工业的需要。

Description

一种基于Gyroid曲面的多孔氧化铝陶瓷的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种多孔Al2O3陶瓷的制备方法,具体的涉及一种基于Gyroid曲面的多孔Al2O3陶瓷及其制备方法。
背景技术
多孔Al2O3陶瓷是一种新型含有三维网状通孔结构陶瓷,表现出许多特殊性能如渗透性、高比表面积、低热导率、吸收能量等,可用作过滤器、多孔电极、传感器、吸音、防震材料等,具有广阔的前景。常用的制备方法主要包括:混料法、模板浸渍法、静电纺丝法及电化学法。其成孔机理主要有机械挤出、颗粒堆积、成孔剂、发泡、多孔模板、凝结结构成孔,但是这些传统制备方法不能成形复杂规则的孔道结构和孔尺寸难以控制的缺点,同时孔隙结构的成型不够稳定,易产生裂纹,坍塌等缺陷,难以保证成品的力学性能。
发明内容
本发明提供一种基于Gyroid曲面的多孔Al2O3陶瓷的制备方法,这种三周期极小曲面结构除力学性能好的优点,在防撞击性能上较其他结构具备明显优势外,还具备光滑连续、三维连通的孔隙结构。通过该方法可以实现对孔结构、孔隙率任意控制和调整,可以保证孔结构的均匀一致,便于获取特定工况下的最佳孔隙度,可以制备高性能陶瓷材料及大尺寸结构复杂的零部件。制备出孔隙连通率高,孔隙率可控,且强度较高的多孔Al2O3陶瓷。其中,该制备方法包含以下几个步骤:
(1)PLA骨架的制备:利用熔融沉积式3D打印机直接打印所设计的PLA材料的Gyroid曲面的反向三维结构,分层厚度0.1~0.2mm,打印速度60mm/s,周期参数1~4,曲面厚度0.5~2mm。
(2)陶瓷浆料的制备:将Al2O3粉,CaO粉,MgO粉,SiO2粉和TiO2粉按89.5~93.5:0.3~0.6:0.06~0.09:0.2~0.3:0.5~1.5比例称量混合(所述的陶瓷浆料中Al2O3粉,MgO粉,SiO2粉,CuO粉和TiO2粉优选质量比为93.5:0.3:0.09:0.21:0.5),球磨4h后,过筛得到颗粒粒度≤1μm的陶瓷粉体;
(3)陶瓷浆料的制备:将步骤(2)所述的陶瓷粉体倒入去离子水中,粉末与去离子水的质量比1:0.8-1.2。置于滚筒式球磨机中混料2~3h,回转速度80~100r/min,最后加入分散剂1~3wt%阿拉伯树胶,搅拌,在陈腐24h后得到氧化铝陶瓷浆料;
(4)陶瓷胚体的制备:将步骤(1)所述的PLA结构放置于铸造模具内,再将所得到的氧化铝陶瓷浆料加入催化剂四甲基乙二胺和引发剂过硫酸钠,陶瓷浆料、催化剂四甲基乙二胺和引发剂过硫酸钠的质量比为97.5~98.5:1.0~1.6:0.5~0.9,快速搅拌后注入模具使其固化,再将固化后的浆料进行真空冷冻干燥,具体工艺为:放置在真空冷冻干燥机以-140~-120℃预冻2~3h,待完全结晶后抽真空,并在压力10~20pa,温度-5~0℃的环境下干燥10~12h,使水分直接变成冰晶升华排除,降低干燥收缩率。即可得到基于Gyroid曲面结构的PLA/Al2O3陶瓷材料胚体。
(5)基于Gyroid曲面的多孔Al2O3陶瓷的制备:将步骤(4)所得到的陶瓷胚体放置于高温炉中先进行低温固化反应,再进行高温固化反应。具体是先在10℃/min升温至200-220℃,再以3℃/min升温至450-500℃,保温1~2h,最后以10℃/min升温至1200-1300℃,保温1~2h烧结,冷却后,去除PLA残渣,进行超声波清洗,反复三次,既可得到基于Gyroid曲面的多孔Al2O3陶瓷的制备。本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明所制备得到的基于Gyroid曲面的多孔Al2O3陶瓷该模型支撑结构是基于一种三周期极小Gyroid曲面结构,具备光滑连续、连通性良好、三维贯通的孔隙结构,相较于一般多孔结构如蜂窝结构,受力扩散更加均匀,整体更加稳定性以及空间排列更加多样性。同时可以通过设计及调整Gyroid曲面结构的参数如周期参数,曲率和曲面厚度等控制和调整Al2O3陶瓷的孔结构及空隙大小等。
通过本发明的步骤制备出的具有Gyroid曲面结构多孔Al2O3陶瓷,以Gyroid曲面结构作为支撑体,能使陶瓷其优良特质如高强度、耐冲击性、低相对密度、热声隔离性能等相结合。同时能够通过对Gyroid曲面结构的参数化设计,构造相互连通并且规则的三维多孔结构,任意控制和调整孔结构、孔隙率,孔隙率可在80%~95%范围内调整,同时厚度可调,增强机械性能,有助于促进Al2O3陶瓷的发展和应用。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明进一步的说明:
图1为Gyroid曲面最小单元格示意图。
图2为Gyroid曲面结构一制备的多孔氧化铝陶瓷示意图。
图3为Gyroid曲面结构二制备的多孔氧化铝陶瓷示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例一
(1)PLA骨架的制备:利用熔融沉积式3D打印机直接打印所设计的PLA材料的Gyroid曲面的反向三维结构,分层厚度0.1mm,边长为4cm范围的立方体,周期参数2,曲面厚度1mm。
(2)陶瓷浆料的制备:将Al2O3粉,CaO粉,MgO粉,SiO2粉和TiO2粉按93.5:0.3:0.09:0.21:0.5比例称量混合,球磨4h后,过筛得到颗粒粒度≤1μm的陶瓷粉体;
(3)陶瓷浆料的制备:将步骤(2)所述的陶瓷粉体倒入去离子水中,粉末与去离子水的质量比1:1。置于滚筒式球磨机中混料2h,回转速度100r/min,最后加入分散剂1wt%阿拉伯树胶,搅拌,在陈腐24h后得到氧化铝陶瓷浆料;
(4)陶瓷胚体的制备:将步骤(1)所述的PLA结构放置于铸造模具内,再将所得到的氧化铝陶瓷浆料加入催化剂四甲基乙二胺和引发剂过硫酸钠,陶瓷浆料、催化剂四甲基乙二胺和引发剂过硫酸钠的质量比为98:1.5:0.5,快速搅拌后注入模具使其固化,再将固化后的浆料进行真空冷冻干燥,具体工艺为:放置在真空冷冻干燥机以-140℃预冻2h,待完全结晶后抽真空,并在压力10pa,温度-5℃的环境下干燥12h。即可得到基于Gyroid曲面结构的PLA/Al2O3陶瓷材料胚体。
(5)基于Gyroid曲面的多孔Al2O3陶瓷的制备:将步骤(4)所得到的陶瓷胚体放置在高温炉中先在10℃/min升温至220℃,再以3℃/min升温至500℃,保温1h,最后以10℃/min升温至1300℃,保温1h烧结,冷却后,去除PLA残渣,进行超声波清洗,反复三次,既可得到基于Gyroid曲面的多孔Al2O3陶瓷的制备,其孔隙率为86.89%,如图2所示。
实施例二
(1)PLA骨架的制备:利用熔融沉积式3D打印机直接打印所设计的PLA材料的Gyroid曲面的反向三维结构,分层厚度0.1mm,边长为4cm范围的立方体,周期参数3,曲面厚度1mm。
(2)陶瓷浆料的制备:将Al2O3粉,CaO粉,MgO粉,SiO2粉和TiO2粉按93.5:0.3:0.09:0.21:0.5比例称量混合,球磨4h后,过筛得到颗粒粒度≤1μm的陶瓷粉体;
(3)陶瓷浆料的制备:将步骤(2)所述的陶瓷粉体倒入去离子水中,粉末与去离子水的质量比1:1。置于滚筒式球磨机中混料2h,回转速度100r/min,最后加入分散剂1wt%阿拉伯树胶,搅拌,在陈腐24h后得到氧化铝陶瓷浆料;
(4)陶瓷胚体的制备:将步骤(1)所述的PLA结构放置于铸造模具内,再将所得到的氧化铝陶瓷浆料加入催化剂四甲基乙二胺和引发剂过硫酸钠,陶瓷浆料、催化剂四甲基乙二胺和引发剂过硫酸钠的质量比为98:1.5:0.5,快速搅拌后注入模具使其固化,再将固化后的浆料进行真空冷冻干燥,具体工艺为:放置在真空冷冻干燥机以-140℃预冻2h,待完全结晶后抽真空,并在压力10pa,温度-5℃的环境下干燥12h,即可得到基于Gyroid曲面结构的PLA/Al2O3陶瓷材料胚体。
(5)基于Gyroid曲面的多孔Al2O3陶瓷的制备:将步骤(4)所得到的陶瓷胚体放置在高温炉中先在10℃/min升温至220℃,再以3℃/min升温至500℃,保温1h,最后以10℃/min升温至1300℃,保温1h烧结,冷却后,去除PLA残渣,进行超声波清洗,反复三次,既可得到基于Gyroid曲面的多孔Al2O3陶瓷的制备,孔隙率为85.4%,如图3所示。

Claims (7)

1.一种基于Gyroid曲面的多孔Al2O3陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)PLA骨架的制备:采用3D打印机对PLA材料打印成Gyroid曲面反向三维结构;
(2)陶瓷粉体的制备:将Al2O3粉,CaO粉,MgO粉,SiO2粉和TiO2粉混合,球磨后,过筛得到颗粒粒度≤1μm的陶瓷粉体;
(3)陶瓷浆料的制备:将步骤(2)所述的陶瓷粉体倒入去离子水中,球磨混料,加入占陶瓷粉体质量分数为1~3wt%分散剂阿拉伯树胶,搅拌,陈腐,得到氧化铝陶瓷浆料;
(4)陶瓷胚体的制备:将步骤(1)所述的PLA骨架放置于铸造模具内,再将所得到的氧化铝陶瓷浆料加入催化剂四甲基乙二胺和引发剂过硫酸钠,快速搅拌后注入模具使其固化,再将固化后的浆料进行真空冷冻干燥,即可得到基于Gyroid曲面结构的PLA/Al2O3陶瓷材料胚体;
(5)基于Gyroid曲面的多孔Al2O3陶瓷的制备:将步骤(4)所得到的陶瓷胚体置于高温炉中烧结,冷却后,去除PLA残渣,进行超声波清洗多次,即可得到基于Gyroid曲面的多孔Al2O3陶瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于Gyroid曲面的多孔Al2O3陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,
3D打印Gyroid曲面反向三维结构的参数为分层厚度0.1~0.2mm,打印速度60mm/s,周期参数1~4,曲面厚度0.5~2mm,曲率0~1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于Gyroid曲面的多孔Al2O3陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,Al2O3粉,CaO粉,MgO粉,SiO2粉和TiO2粉按质量比89.5~93.5:0.3~0.6:0.06~0.09:0.2~0.3:0.5~1.5,并且各金属氧化物粉末的纯度均大于99.0%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基于Gyroid曲面的多孔Al2O3陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,将步骤(2)所述的陶瓷粉体倒入去离子水中,粉末与离子水的质量比1:0.8-1.2,调节pH至8~10,置于滚筒式球磨机以回转速度80~100r/min中混料2~3h,最后加入占陶瓷粉体质量分数为2wt%分散剂阿拉伯树胶,搅拌,在陈腐20-24h后得到氧化铝陶瓷浆料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于Gyroid曲面的多孔Al2O3陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,采用真空冷冻干燥陶瓷胚体,先将胚体放置在真空冷冻干燥机以-140~-120℃预冻2~3h,待完全结晶后抽真空,并在压力10~20pa,温度-5~0℃的环境下干燥10~12h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的基于Gyroid曲面的多孔Al2O3陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,陶瓷浆料、催化剂和引发剂的质量比为97.5~98.5:1.0~1.6:0.5~0.9。
7.根据权利要求1所述的基于Gyroid曲面的多孔Al2O3陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,采用阶梯升温、分段保温、慢速焙烧的工艺,具体为先在10℃/min升温至200-220℃,再以3℃/min升温至450-500℃,保温1~2h,最后以10℃/min升温至1200-1300℃,保温1~2h制得。
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