CN109496836A - A kind of potato cross breeding method and tool - Google Patents
A kind of potato cross breeding method and tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN109496836A CN109496836A CN201910077063.XA CN201910077063A CN109496836A CN 109496836 A CN109496836 A CN 109496836A CN 201910077063 A CN201910077063 A CN 201910077063A CN 109496836 A CN109496836 A CN 109496836A
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- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001124569 Lycaenidae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014987 copper Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008774 maternal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000286663 Ficus elastica Species 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010016256 fatigue Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 210000000080 chela (arthropods) Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 description 1
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-OBDJNFEBSA-N gibberellin A3 Chemical class C([C@@]1(O)C(=C)C[C@@]2(C1)[C@H]1C(O)=O)C[C@H]2[C@]2(C=C[C@@H]3O)[C@H]1[C@]3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-OBDJNFEBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010153 self-pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
- A01H1/027—Apparatus for pollination
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of potato emasculation scissors, a kind of Potato Pollen collection device, a kind of three sets of tools of potato hybridization breeding pollination tool, and combine the potato cross breeding method of three sets of execution of instrument.A kind of potato emasculation scissors can carry out quickly accurate cutting to stamen, improve labor efficiency.Pollen is collected in collection cups by sieve, reduces and manually adopt powder cost by a kind of Potato Pollen collection device, the vibration generated by vibrating motor, improves the degree of purity for adopting powder efficiency and pollen.A kind of potato hybridization breeding pollination tool just injection suddenly after cylinder interior gas reaches certain pressure, can generate thrust powerful enough and all spray by pollen grain and in the shorter time, reduce the waste of pollen grain, improve pollination accuracy.It is capable of the implementation potato crossbreeding of efficiently and accurately using the combination of three sets of tools, reduces labor intensity simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to potato crossbreeding field, specifically a kind of potato cross breeding method and tool.
Background technique
Potato is self pollination crop, and natural hybrization rate is usually no more than 0.5%.Usually with potato wedge in cultivation process
As seed, cause Potato Cultivars to degenerate for a long time serious, previous disease-resistant drought-resistant variety advantage was no longer significant, yield also with
The increases of Planting Years begin to decline.However potato crossbreeding is usually needed as a kind of important breed improvement means
Want the following steps: emasculation, acquisition pollen and pollination hybridization.Potato is small, again few comprising pollen, using traditional pollen collection
It is caused when mode (that is: acquiring a large amount of flower in advance to be placed in container, make pollen be deposited on container bottom by rocking) a large amount of
The waste of pollen influences the degree of purity of pollen.
Emasculation is the flower for removing stamen, prepares the technical measures of artificial hybridization pollination.Method has operation emasculation, will with tweezers
Petal is pushed aside, and pincers remove the anther of stamen；Chemical emasculation, 2,3- dichloro sodium methacrylate or 1000 ~ 2000 mg/kgs with 0.2%
Gibberellins solution sprays the maternal plant for being in full-bloom stage；Hot water emasculation handles flower with 45 DEG C of warm water.It is performing the operation
When emasculation, since the stamen and gynoecium of potato are apart from close, the gynoecium of potato can be removed together together with stamen often, this
Sample one comes so that labor intensity increases, and requires to also become larger to the radix of flower.
It is easy to during potato artificial pollination because of misoperation, firmly the reasons such as excessive damage column cap, cause to receive
Take unsuccessful, and traditional artificial pollination large labor intensity.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides the present invention provides a kind of potato emasculation scissors, a kind of horse
Three sets of bell potato pollen collecting device, a kind of potato hybridization breeding pollination tool potato crossbreeding tools, and combining should
The potato cross breeding method of three sets of execution of instrument.
In order to achieve the above object, present invention employs the following technical solutions:
A kind of potato emasculation scissors, device include: driving shaft, pressure block, fixed ring, oil storage bag, oil pipe, fixing bolt, bullet
Spring, drive rod, blade, circle rail, driven shaft, whetstone, piston, blade fixing axle, power-assisted bracket.Fixing bolt by driving shaft and
Driven shaft links together；Fixed ring is in active shaft end；Pressure block is fixed in the circle of fixed ring；Spring is in driven shaft
Portion；An oil storage bag is arranged at the lower part of pressure block in driving shaft, and oil pipe one end is connected with oil cylinder, and the other end is connect with oil storage bag, oil
Piston is equipped in cylinder；One end of drive rod is connected with piston, and the other end is connected with power-assisted bracket；Power-assisted bracket and blade fixing axle
Connection, blade fixing axle are located on circle rail；It is connected to blade in blade fixing axle, is inlaid with whetstone in the inside of circle rail.
Preferably, fixation of the fixed ring in active shaft end to finger.
Preferably, drive rod connect axis connection by ball-type with piston, realizes angle when drive rod pushes piston motion
Deflection.
Preferably, oil storage bag uses, and there is certain thickness India rubber to be made, and release can inhale hydraulic oil when squeezing
Return oil storage bag.
Preferably, when driven shaft is closed completely, end generates an annulus and flower can be fixed.
Preferably, spring is located at the middle part of driven shaft, when opening scissors in advance, is capable of providing certain active force, so that
Hand does not have very strong sense tired out after long-term work.
Preferably, when pressing pressure block, so that the hydraulic oil in oil storage bag and oil pipe generates thrust to piston,
After abandoning extruding, piston can set back again.
Preferably, blade can carry out petal and stamen under the action of the promotion of power-assisted bracket and blade fixing axle
Cutting.
Preferably, since whetstone is inlayed in the inside of circle rail, blade on circle rail when moving reciprocatingly, the knife that can make
Piece is sharper.
Preferably, the blade is circle, can be under the action of power-assisted bracket along circle rail rotation.
A kind of Potato Pollen collection device, device include: cylinder, stamen release yoke, collection cups, sieve, vibration it is driven
Axis, vibrating spindle, vibrating motor, shell, power supply, power switch, flower fixing clamp connecting rod, flower fixing clamp, notch, reset
Spring, bracket, fixing clamp switch, electromagnetic block, iron block, motor control module, connecting rod, graphite block, electrode block.
Cylinder is threadably connected with collection cups, and stamen release yoke is located at the middle part of cylinder, and sieve is located at stamen separation
The lower section of fork is connected with the base portion of cylinder, and the left end for vibrating driven shaft connects with stamen release yoke, and right end connects with vibrating spindle；
Vibrating spindle is connected with the iron block inside vibrating motor, and iron block is connected by connecting rod with motor control module, the two sides of iron block
There are two electromagnetic blocks, and there are four electrode blocks for the two sides of graphite block；Four electrode blocks and outside power supply be connected, power switch and
Fixing clamp switchs the top for being placed in shell, and fixing clamp switch is connected with flower fixing clamp connecting rod by bracket, is fixed in flower
There is a flower fixing clamp in the end of folder connecting rod, has a notch on flower fixing clamp, fixes on the left of reset spring with flower
It presss from both sides connecting rod to be connected, right side is connected with bracket.
Preferably, cylinder is equipped with aperture, and vibration driven shaft passes through aperture and is connected with stamen release yoke.
Preferably, reset spring one end is fixed in flower fixing clamp connecting rod, and the other end is fixed on shell side.
Preferably, when flower fixing clamp and cylinder are closed, because flower fixing clamp is equipped with notch so as to realize to flower
Piece fixation, and unnecessary flower is picked.
Preferably, in starter, flower fixing clamp can be bonded completely with cylinder, can prevent pollution and the wave of pollen
Take.
Preferably, stamen release yoke can separate the stamen of potato, be more advantageous to being scattered for pollen.
Preferably, positioned at the sieve of cylinder base portion, the impurity such as anther can be will fall off and pollen is separated.
Preferably, two electromagnetic blocks inside vibrating motor, which are staggered to be arranged, successively converts realization to the attraction that iron block generates
Iron block bilateral reciprocation and vibrate.When iron block and graphite block are located at left side, graphite block connects CD electrode block, makes electromagnet pair
Iron block generates attraction to the right；When iron block moves right, graphite block connects AB electrodes block, inhales electromagnet to the left to iron block generation
Gravitation, final realize move back and forth.
Preferably, reset spring can realize the closure of flower fixing clamp and cylinder when not pressing fixing clamp switch.
A kind of potato hybridization breeding pollination tool, device include: air bag and cylinder, and air bag is connected with cylinder, in cylinder
Equipped with cylinder piston, cylinder piston one end connects piston spring, and cylinder middle section is connected with jet pipe, and jet pipe left hand cylinder outer wall is equipped with
Controller is equipped with pollen storehouse on the right side of jet pipe, and pollen orlop portion is connected with jet pipe, pollen orlop portion equipped with butterfly valve, butterfly valve by
Power supply provides electric current, and is controlled and be opened and closed by controller, and 33 two sides of cylinder upper cylinder piston are respectively provided with a Non-return air valve.
Preferably, a lid is additionally provided on pollen storehouse, for adding pollen.
Preferably, controller includes: electrode contacts, permanent magnet and permanent magnet spring；Permanent magnet is towards electrode contacts side
Copper sheet or graphite flake are wrapped up, electrode contacts are two, are made of copper or graphite.
Preferably, butterfly valve includes: brush, arc magnet, electromagnet, valve block, valve housing, valve shaft, valve spring
With arc magnet set casing；Valve axis connection electromagnet and valve block, arc magnet are two panels, are oppositely arranged and are close to outside valve
Shell, brush connect the coil of electromagnet.Brush is made of two pieces of arc coppers and brush item, and arc copper is oppositely arranged.
Preferably, cylinder piston has iron block to be made, and rubber ring is wrapped up in periphery, is capable of the permanent magnet of suction controller, simultaneously
It can keep sealing with cylinder.
Preferably, permanent magnet spring one end is fixed on valve housing, and the other end is fixed on electromagnet, when electromagnet does not have
It can be resetted when being magnetic.
Preferably, pollen storehouse is identical as cylinder right side, and junction, which is equipped with sieve, to prevent pollen grain from entering cylinder.
A kind of potato cross breeding method, specifically includes:
1, potato female parent emasculation
(1) fixation of flower: the circumferential notch of driven shaft end is directed at potato flower base portion, and finger is inserted in fixed ring, squeezes
Driving shaft keeps driven shaft rotating closed around fixing bolt, thus fixed potato flower base portion.
(2) cutting of petal and stamen: finger press pressure block shrinks oil storage bag, and hydraulic oil generates piston through oil pipe
Thrust, and then the blade being connected with piston is pushed, blade is moved along circle rail, realizes girdling.
(3) finger is unclamped, hydraulic oil is recovered to oil storage bag, and blade resets, and can proceed with emasculation next time.
2, Potato Pollen is collected
(1) fixation of flower: flower is placed in cylinder, and anthocaulus is made to pass through notch；
(2) separation of stamen: by stamen by stamen release yoke, so that stamen is separated according to preset requirement；
(3) collection of pollen: startup power supply switch, stamen release yoke generate vibration, so that pollen is separated from anther, and pass through
Sieve enters collection cups.
3, potato pollinates
(1) it opens lid and pollen storehouse is added in pollen grain.
(2) power supply, controller, butterfly valve are sequentially connected with power supply line.
(3) hand rests live cylinder, and the column cap of flower to be pollinated is directed at jet pipe；Another hand presses pressuring gasbag, and air-flow pushes away
The cylinder piston of taking offence moves right, and the Non-return air valve that cylinder is located at cylinder piston two sides is in closed state, and cylinder is located at cylinder
The space air pressure of piston two sides all increases.
(4) when cylinder piston moves to above controller, permanent magnet, which is attracted, to be moved upwards, and electrode contacts are connected, electricity
Source is butterfly valve power supply, is rotated and opens with moving valve plate by the magnetic force of arc magnet after the electromagnet energization of butterfly valve.Gas
The air pressure that cylinder is located at cylinder piston right side of the space is larger, and pollen grain is pushed to move to jet pipe.
(5) and then cylinder piston crosses jet pipe, and the air pressure that cylinder is located at cylinder piston leftward space is larger, gas moment
It is quickly moved to jet pipe, pollen grain is driven to spray.When cylinder piston crosses jet pipe, cylinder piston is lost to permanent magnet in controller
Magnetic force, controller electrode contacts disconnect, to realize that butterfly valve moment is on and off, a small amount of pollen grain is ejected.
(6) cylinder is located at cylinder piston leftward space air pressure and declines rapidly, because of pressure difference and gas inertia, cylinder is located at gas
Non-return air valve on the left of the cylinder piston is opened, and gas is supplemented into the space that cylinder is located on the left of cylinder piston.
(7) air bag piston spring being unclamped to push back cylinder piston, cylinder is located at the decline of the space air pressure on the right side of cylinder piston,
Because of pressure difference and gas inertia, cylinder is located at the opening of the Non-return air valve on the right side of cylinder piston, and gas is supplemented into cylinder and is located at gas
Space on the right side of the cylinder piston.It can carry out repetitive operation next time.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of potato emasculation scissor construction schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is a kind of potato emasculation scissors oil pressure cntrol enlarged drawing.
Fig. 3 is a kind of potato emasculation scissor cut junction enlarged image.
Wherein, driving shaft 1, pressure block 3, fixed ring 2, oil storage bag 4, oil pipe 5, fixing bolt 6, spring 7, drive rod 8, knife
Piece 9, circle rail 10, driven shaft 11, whetstone 12, piston 13, blade fixing axle 14, power-assisted bracket 15, oil cylinder 16.
Fig. 4 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of Potato Pollen collection device.
Fig. 5 is a kind of Potato Pollen collection device front end cylinder interior component top view.
Fig. 6 is a kind of Potato Pollen collection device flower fixed folder structure figure.
Fig. 7 is a kind of Potato Pollen collection device vibrating motor structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is a kind of Potato Pollen collection device motor control module structure schematic diagram.
Wherein, cylinder 21, stamen release yoke 22, collection cups 23, sieve 24, vibration driven shaft 25, vibrating spindle 26, vibration
Motor 27, power supply 29, power switch 210, flower fixing clamp connecting rod 211, flower fixing clamp 212, notch 213, is answered at shell 28
Position spring 214, bracket 215, fixing clamp switch 216, electromagnetic block 217, iron block 218, motor control module 219, connecting rod 220,
Graphite block 221, electrode block 222.
Fig. 9 is a kind of potato hybridization breeding pollination tool construction schematic diagram.
Figure 10 is a kind of potato hybridization breeding pollination tool work schematic diagram.
Figure 11 is a kind of potato hybridization breeding pollination tool butterfly valve sectional view.
Figure 12 is a kind of potato hybridization breeding pollination tool butterfly valve top view.
Wherein, air bag 31, cylinder 32, cylinder piston 33, piston spring 34, spring for valve 35, Non-return air valve 36, cone
37, power supply 38, lid 39, pollen storehouse 310, butterfly valve 311, jet pipe 312, permanent magnet 313, electrode contacts 314, controller 315,
Permanent magnet spring 316, column cap 317, pollen grain 318, brush 319, arc magnet 320, electromagnet 321, valve block 322, outside valve
Shell 323, valve shaft 324, valve spring 325, arc magnet set casing 326.
Specific embodiment
To keep the purposes, technical schemes and advantages of invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawing to specific implementation of the invention
Mode is described in detail.The example of these preferred embodiments is illustrated in the accompanying drawings.Shown in attached drawing and according to attached
The embodiments of the present invention of figure description are only exemplary, and the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Here, it should also be noted that, in order to avoid having obscured technical solution of the present invention because of unnecessary details,
Illustrate only in attached drawing with closely related structure and/or processing step according to the solution of the present invention, and relationship is omitted not
Big other details.
Embodiment 1
It present embodiments provides a kind of potato and removes hybridization breeding tool emasculation scissors, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings from 1 to 3, device includes: master
Moving axis 1, fixed ring 2, oil storage bag 4, oil pipe 5, fixing bolt 6, spring 7, drive rod 8, blade 9, justifies rail 10, is driven pressure block 3
Axis 11, whetstone 12, piston 13, blade fixing axle 14, power-assisted bracket 15.Fixing bolt 6 connects driving shaft 1 and driven shaft 11
Together；Fixed ring 2 is in 1 end of driving shaft；Pressure block 3 is fixed in the circle of fixed ring 2；Spring 7 is at the middle part of driven shaft 11；
An oil storage bag 4 is arranged at the lower part of pressure block 3 in driving shaft 1, and 5 one end of oil pipe is connected with oil cylinder 16, and the other end and oil storage bag 4 connect
It connects, piston 13 is equipped in oil cylinder 16；One end of drive rod 8 is connected with piston 13, and the other end is connected with power-assisted bracket 15；Power-assisted branch
Frame 15 is connect with blade fixing axle 14, and blade fixing axle 14 is located on circle rail 10；Blade 9 is connected in blade fixing axle 14,
The inside of circle rail 10 is inlaid with whetstone 12.
Further, fixation of the fixed ring 2 in 1 end of driving shaft to finger.
Further, drive rod 8 connect axis connection by ball-type with piston 13, realizes that drive rod 8 pushes piston 13 to move
When angle deflection.
Further, for oil storage bag 4 using having certain thickness India rubber to be made, release can be by hydraulic oil when squeezing
Suck back oil storage bag 4.
Further, when driven shaft 11 is closed completely, end generates an annulus and flower can be fixed.
Further, spring 7 is located at the middle part of driven shaft 11, when opening scissors in advance, is capable of providing certain active force,
So that hand does not have very strong sense tired out after long-term work.
Further, when pressing pressure block 3, so that the hydraulic oil in oil storage bag 4 and oil pipe 5 generates piston 13
Thrust, after abandoning extruding, piston 13 can set back again.
Further, blade 9 can under the action of the promotion of power-assisted bracket and blade fixing axle, to petal and stamen into
Row cutting.
Further, since whetstone 12 is inlayed in the inside of circle rail 10, blade 9, can when moving reciprocatingly on circle rail
So that blade 9 it is sharper.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method for present embodiments providing potato emasculation is carried out using a kind of potato emasculation scissors described in embodiment 1
Emasculation, comprising the following steps:
1, the fixation of flower: the circumferential notch of 11 end of driven shaft is directed at potato flower base portion, and finger is inserted in fixed ring 2, squeezes
Pressure driving shaft 1 keeps driven shaft 11 rotating closed around fixing bolt 6, thus fixed potato flower base portion.
2, the cutting of petal and stamen: finger press pressure block 3 shrinks oil storage bag 4, and hydraulic oil is through oil pipe 5 to piston 13
Thrust is generated, and then pushes the blade 9 being connected with piston 13, blade 9 is moved along circle rail 10, realizes girdling.
3, finger is unclamped, hydraulic oil is recovered to oil storage bag 4, and blade 9 resets, and can proceed with emasculation next time.
The utility model has the advantages that present embodiments providing a kind of potato emasculation scissors, which passes through driving shaft 1 and driven shaft 11
Closure, flower is fixed；Generating pressure by press pressure block makes transmission shaft that power-assisted bracket be driven to travel forward, to flower
Valve and stamen carry out ring cutting, to achieve the purpose that emasculation.This device can carry out quickly accurate cutting to stamen, improve labor
Efficiency of movement reduces intensity of workers, it is ensured that the quick follow-up of later period pollination.The present invention can be not only used for potato and
Other plant emasculation can also carry out girdling for grafting or other researchs to plant bark.
Embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 provide a kind of potato emasculation scissors and emasculating method, the device by driving shaft and
Driven shaft closure, flower is fixed；Generating pressure by press pressure block makes transmission shaft that power-assisted bracket be driven to transport forward
It is dynamic, ring cutting is carried out to petal and stamen, to achieve the purpose that emasculation.This device to stamen can quickly accurately cut
It cuts, improves labor efficiency, reduce intensity of workers, it is ensured that the quick follow-up of later period pollination.
Embodiment 3
A kind of Potato Pollen collection device is present embodiments provided, as shown in attached drawing 4-8, device includes: cylinder 21, stamen point
From fork 22, collection cups 23, sieve 24, vibration driven shaft 25, vibrating spindle 26, vibrating motor 27, shell 28, power supply 29, power supply
Switch 210, flower fixing clamp connecting rod 211, flower fixing clamp 212, notch 213, reset spring 214, bracket 215, fixing clamp
Switch 216, electromagnetic block 217, iron block 218, motor control module 219, connecting rod 220, graphite block 221, electrode block 222.
Cylinder 21 is threadably connected with collection cups 23, and stamen release yoke 22 is located at the middle part of cylinder 21, and sieve 24
It is connected in the lower section of stamen release yoke 22 with the base portion of cylinder 21, the left end of vibration driven shaft 25 connects with stamen release yoke 22,
Right end connects with vibrating spindle 26；Vibrating spindle 26 is connected with the iron block 218 inside vibrating motor 27, and iron block 218 passes through connection
Bar 220 is connected with motor control module 219, and there are two electromagnetic blocks 217 for the two sides of iron block 218, and there are four the two sides of graphite block 221
Electrode block 222；Four electrode blocks 222 and external power supply 29 are connected, and power switch 210 and fixing clamp switch 216 are placed in outside
The top of shell 28, fixing clamp switch 216 are connected by bracket 215 with flower fixing clamp connecting rod 211, are connected in flower fixing clamp
There is a flower fixing clamp 212 in the end of bar 211, there is a notch 213 on flower fixing clamp 212,214 left side of reset spring with
Flower fixing clamp connecting rod 211 is connected, and right side is connected with bracket 215.
Further, cylinder 21 is equipped with aperture, and vibration driven shaft 25 passes through aperture and is connected with stamen release yoke 22.
Further, 214 one end of reset spring is fixed in flower fixing clamp connecting rod 211, and the other end is fixed on shell
28 sides.
Further, when flower fixing clamp 212 and cylinder 21 are closed because flower fixing clamp 212 be equipped with notch 213 to
The fixation to flower may be implemented, and unnecessary pick flower.
Further, in starter, flower fixing clamp 212 can be bonded completely with cylinder 21, can prevent pollen
Pollution and waste.
Further, stamen release yoke 22 can separate the stamen of potato, be more advantageous to being scattered for pollen.
Further, positioned at the sieve 24 of 21 base portion of cylinder, the impurity such as anther can be will fall off and pollen is separated.
Further, two electromagnetic blocks 217 inside vibrating motor 27 be staggered attraction that setting generates iron block 218 according to
Secondary transformation is realized 218 bilateral reciprocation of iron block and is vibrated.When iron block 218 and graphite block 221 are located at left side, graphite block 221
CD electrode block 222 is connected, electromagnet 217 is made to generate attraction to the right to iron block 218；When iron block 218 moves right, graphite block
221 connect AB electrodes block 222, and electromagnet 217 is made to generate attraction to the left to iron block 218, and final realize moves back and forth.
Further, reset spring 214 can realize flower fixing clamp 212 and circle when not pressing fixing clamp switch 216
The closure of cylinder 21.
Embodiment 4
A kind of Potato Pollen collection method is present embodiments provided, using Potato Pollen collection device described in embodiment 3, packet
Include following steps:
1, the fixation of flower: flower is placed in cylinder, and anthocaulus is made to pass through notch；
2, the separation of stamen: by stamen by stamen release yoke, so that stamen is separated according to preset requirement；
3, the collection of pollen: startup power supply switch, stamen release yoke 22 generate vibration, so that pollen is separated from anther, and lead to
It crosses sieve and enters collection cups.
The utility model has the advantages that embodiment 3 and 4 provides a kind of Potato Pollen collection device, by flower fixing clamp 212 by horse
Bell potato flower is fixed in cylinder 21, and the stamen release yoke 22 in cylinder 21 separates stamen, is produced by vibrating motor 27
Pollen is collected in collection cups 23 by raw power by sieve.Powder cost is manually adopted to reduce, powder efficiency and pollen are adopted in raising
Degree of purity.
Embodiment 5
A kind of potato hybridization breeding pollination tool is present embodiments provided, as shown in attached drawing 9-12, device includes: 31 He of air bag
Cylinder 32, air bag 31 are connected with cylinder 32, and cylinder piston 33 is equipped in cylinder 32, and 33 one end of cylinder piston connects piston spring
34, jet pipe 312 is connected in the middle part of cylinder 32,312 left hand cylinder of jet pipe, 32 outer wall is equipped with controller 315, is equipped on the right side of jet pipe 312
Pollen storehouse 310,310 bottom of pollen storehouse are connected with jet pipe 312, and 310 bottom of pollen storehouse is equipped with butterfly valve 311, and butterfly valve 311 is by electricity
Source 38 provides electric current, and is controlled and be opened and closed by controller 315, and 32 upper cylinder piston of cylinder, 33 two sides are respectively provided with a Non-return air valve
36。
Further, a lid 39 is additionally provided on pollen storehouse 310, for adding pollen.
Further, controller 315 includes: electrode contacts 314, permanent magnet 313 and permanent magnet spring 316；Permanent magnet 313
Copper sheet or graphite flake are wrapped up towards 314 side of electrode contacts, electrode contacts 314 are two, are made of copper or graphite.
Further, butterfly valve 311 includes: brush 319, arc magnet 320, electromagnet 321, valve block 322, valve housing
323, valve shaft 324, valve spring 325 and arc magnet set casing 326；Valve shaft 324 connects electromagnet 321 and valve block 322,
Arc magnet 320 is two panels, is oppositely arranged and is close to valve housing 323, and brush 319 connects the coil of electromagnet 321.Brush
319 are made of two pieces of arc coppers and brush item, and arc copper is oppositely arranged.
Further, cylinder piston 33 has iron block to be made, and rubber ring is wrapped up in periphery, is capable of the permanent magnetism of suction controller 315
Body 313, while can keep sealing with cylinder 32.
Further, 316 one end of permanent magnet spring is fixed on valve housing 323, and the other end is fixed on electromagnet 321
On, when electromagnet 321 when magnetism without that can reset.
Further, pollen storehouse 310 is identical as 32 right side of cylinder, junction be equipped with sieve can prevent pollen grain 318 into
Enter cylinder 32.
Embodiment 6
A kind of potato hybridization breeding pollination method is present embodiments provided, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings from 1 to 3, using one described in embodiment 5
Kind potato hybridization breeding pollination tool, comprising the following steps:
1, it opens lid 39 and pollen storehouse 310 is added in pollen grain 318.
2, power supply 38, controller 315, butterfly valve 311 are sequentially connected with power supply line.
3, a hand rest lives cylinder 32, and the column cap 317 of flower to be pollinated is directed at jet pipe 312；Another hand presses pressuring gasbag
31, air-flow pusher cylinder piston 33 moves right, and the Non-return air valve 36 that cylinder 32 is located at 33 two sides of cylinder piston is in closing
State, cylinder 32 are located at 33 two sides space air pressure of cylinder piston and all increase.
4, when cylinder piston 33 moves to 315 top of controller, permanent magnet 313, which is attracted, to be moved upwards, electrode contacts
314 connect, and power supply 38 is the power supply of butterfly valve 311, the magnetic force after the energization of electromagnet 321 of butterfly valve 311 by arc magnet 320
And it rotates and opens with moving valve plate 322.The air pressure that cylinder 32 is located at 33 right side of the space of cylinder piston is larger, pushes pollen grain 318
It is moved to jet pipe 312.
5, and then cylinder piston 33 crosses jet pipe 312, and the air pressure that cylinder 32 is located at 33 leftward space of cylinder piston is larger,
Gas moment quickly moves to jet pipe 312, and pollen grain 318 is driven to spray.When cylinder piston 33 crosses jet pipe 312, cylinder piston
33 lose the magnetic force to permanent magnet 313 in controller 315, and 315 electrode contacts 314 of controller disconnect, to realize butterfly valve 311
Moment is on and off, and a small amount of pollen grain 318 is ejected.
6, cylinder 32 is located at 33 leftward space air pressure of cylinder piston and declines rapidly, because of pressure difference and gas inertia, cylinder 32
Non-return air valve 36 positioned at 33 left side of cylinder piston is opened, and gas is supplemented into the sky that cylinder 32 is located at 33 left side of cylinder piston
Between.
7, it unclamps air bag piston spring 34 to push back cylinder piston 33, cylinder 32 is located at the space gas on 33 right side of cylinder piston
Drops, because of pressure difference and gas inertia, the Non-return air valve 36 that cylinder 32 is located at 33 right side of cylinder piston is opened, and gas is supplemented in
Enter the space that cylinder 32 is located at 33 right side of cylinder piston.It can carry out repetitive operation next time.
The utility model has the advantages that cylinder interior gas reaches just injection suddenly after certain pressure, can generate thrust powerful enough will
It pollen grain and is all sprayed in the shorter time, reduces the waste of pollen grain, improve pollination accuracy.In addition, the control of automation
System and recyclable operation reduce workload, is capable of efficiently and accurately and pollinate.
Embodiment 7
A kind of potato cross breeding method is present embodiments provided, using the tool of embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3,
In conjunction with the embodiments 2, the method for embodiment 4 and embodiment 6, specifically includes:
1, potato female parent emasculation
(1) fixation of flower: the circumferential notch of 11 end of driven shaft is directed at potato flower base portion, and finger is inserted in fixed ring 2, squeezes
Pressure driving shaft 1 keeps driven shaft 11 rotating closed around fixing bolt 6, thus fixed potato flower base portion.
(2) cutting of petal and stamen: finger press pressure block 3 shrinks oil storage bag 4, and hydraulic oil is through oil pipe 5 to piston
13 generate thrust, and then push the blade 9 being connected with piston 13, and blade 9 is moved along circle rail 10, realizes girdling.
(3) finger is unclamped, hydraulic oil is recovered to oil storage bag 4, and blade 9 resets, and can proceed with emasculation next time.
2, Potato Pollen is collected
(1) fixation of flower: flower is placed in cylinder, and anthocaulus is made to pass through notch；
(2) separation of stamen: by stamen by stamen release yoke, so that stamen is separated according to preset requirement；
(3) collection of pollen: startup power supply switch, stamen release yoke 22 generate vibration, so that pollen is separated from anther, and lead to
It crosses sieve and enters collection cups.
3, potato pollinates
(1) it opens lid 39 and pollen storehouse 310 is added in pollen grain 318.
(2) power supply 38, controller 315, butterfly valve 311 are sequentially connected with power supply line.
(3) hand rests live cylinder 32, and the column cap 317 of flower to be pollinated is directed at jet pipe 312；Another hand presses pressuring gasbag
31, air-flow pusher cylinder piston 33 moves right, and the Non-return air valve 36 that cylinder 32 is located at 33 two sides of cylinder piston is in closing
State, cylinder 32 are located at 33 two sides space air pressure of cylinder piston and all increase.
(4) when cylinder piston 33 moves to 315 top of controller, permanent magnet 313, which is attracted, to be moved upwards, electrode contacts
314 connect, and power supply 38 is the power supply of butterfly valve 311, the magnetic force after the energization of electromagnet 321 of butterfly valve 311 by arc magnet 320
And it rotates and opens with moving valve plate 322.The air pressure that cylinder 32 is located at 33 right side of the space of cylinder piston is larger, pushes pollen grain 318
It is moved to jet pipe 312.
(5) and then cylinder piston 33 crosses jet pipe 312, cylinder 32 be located at the air pressure of 33 leftward space of cylinder piston compared with
Greatly, gas moment quickly moves to jet pipe 312, and pollen grain 318 is driven to spray.When cylinder piston 33 crosses jet pipe 312, cylinder is living
Plug 33 loses the magnetic force to permanent magnet 313 in controller 315, and 315 electrode contacts 314 of controller disconnect, to realize butterfly valve
311 moments are on and off, and a small amount of pollen grain 318 is ejected.
(6) cylinder 32 is located at 33 leftward space air pressure of cylinder piston and declines rapidly, because of pressure difference and gas inertia, cylinder 32
Non-return air valve 36 positioned at 33 left side of cylinder piston is opened, and gas is supplemented into the sky that cylinder 32 is located at 33 left side of cylinder piston
Between.
(7) it unclamps air bag piston spring 34 to push back cylinder piston 33, cylinder 32 is located at the space on 33 right side of cylinder piston
Air pressure decline, because of pressure difference and gas inertia, the Non-return air valve 36 that cylinder 32 is located at 33 right side of cylinder piston is opened, gas supplement
It is located at the space on 33 right side of cylinder piston into cylinder 32.It can carry out repetitive operation next time.
The above is only the specific embodiment of the application, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise of not departing from the application principle, several improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as the protection scope of the application.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of potato emasculation scissors, which is characterized in that its structure includes: driving shaft, pressure block, fixed ring, oil storage bag, oil
Pipe, fixing bolt, spring, drive rod, blade, circle rail, driven shaft, whetstone, piston, blade fixing axle, power-assisted bracket；It is fixed
Bolt links together driving shaft and driven shaft；Fixed ring is in active shaft end；Pressure block is fixed in the circle of fixed ring；Bullet
Spring is at the middle part of driven shaft；An oil storage bag is arranged at the lower part of pressure block in driving shaft, and oil pipe one end is connected with oil cylinder, the other end with
Oil storage bag connection, oil cylinder is interior to be equipped with piston；One end of drive rod is connected with piston, and the other end is connected with power-assisted bracket；Power-assisted branch
Frame and the fixed axis connection of blade, blade fixing axle are located on circle rail；It is connected to blade in blade fixing axle, is inlayed in the inside of circle rail
Embedded with whetstone.
2. a kind of Potato Pollen collection device, which is characterized in that its structure includes: cylinder, stamen release yoke, collection cups, sieve
Net, vibration driven shaft, vibrating spindle, vibrating motor, shell, power supply, power switch, flower fixing clamp connecting rod, flower are fixed
Folder, notch, reset spring, bracket, fixing clamp switch, electromagnetic block, iron block, motor control module, connecting rod, graphite block, electrode
Block；Cylinder is threadably connected with collection cups, and stamen release yoke is located at the middle part of cylinder, and sieve is located under stamen release yoke
Side is connected with the base portion of cylinder, and the left end for vibrating driven shaft connects with stamen release yoke, and right end connects with vibrating spindle；Vibration master
Axis is connected with the iron block inside vibrating motor, and iron block is connected by connecting rod with motor control module, and there are two the two sides of iron block
Electromagnetic block, there are four electrode blocks for the two sides of graphite block；Four electrode blocks are connected with external power supply, power switch and fixing clamp
Switch is placed in the top of shell, and fixing clamp switch is connected by bracket with flower fixing clamp connecting rod, connects in flower fixing clamp
There is a flower fixing clamp in the end of bar, has a notch on flower fixing clamp, connect on the left of reset spring with flower fixing clamp
Bar is connected, and right side is connected with bracket.
3. a kind of potato hybridization breeding pollination tool, which is characterized in that structure includes: air bag and cylinder, air bag and cylinder phase
Even, cylinder piston is equipped in cylinder, cylinder piston one end connects piston spring, and cylinder middle section is connected with jet pipe, jet pipe left hand cylinder
Outer wall is equipped with controller, is equipped with pollen storehouse on the right side of jet pipe, and pollen orlop portion is connected with jet pipe, and pollen orlop portion is equipped with butterfly
Valve, butterfly valve provides electric current by power supply, and is controlled and be opened and closed by controller, and cylinder upper cylinder piston two sides are respectively provided with a unidirectional gas
Valve.
4. a kind of potato hybridization breeding pollination tool according to claim 3, which is characterized in that controller includes: electricity
Pole contact, permanent magnet and permanent magnet spring；Permanent magnet wraps up copper sheet or graphite flake, electrode contacts two towards electrode contacts side
It is a, it is made of copper or graphite.
5. a kind of potato hybridization breeding pollination tool according to claim 3, which is characterized in that butterfly valve includes: electricity
Brush, arc magnet, electromagnet, valve block, valve housing, valve shaft, valve spring and arc magnet set casing；Valve axis connection electricity
Magnet and valve block, arc magnet are two panels, are oppositely arranged and are close to valve housing, and brush connects the coil of electromagnet, brush by
Two pieces of arc coppers and brush item composition, arc copper are oppositely arranged.
6. a kind of potato hybridization breeding pollination tool according to claim 3, which is characterized in that cylinder piston has iron block
It is made, rubber ring is wrapped up in periphery, is capable of the permanent magnet of suction controller, while can keep sealing with cylinder.
7. a kind of potato cross breeding method, which is characterized in that specifically comprise the following steps: the female parent emasculation of (1) potato；
(2) Potato Pollen is collected；(3) potato pollinates.
8. a kind of potato cross breeding method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that step (1) potato
Maternal emasculation includes: the fixation of (1) flower: the circumferential notch of driven shaft end is directed at potato flower base portion, and finger is inserted in solid
Determine ring, squeezing driving shaft keeps driven shaft rotating closed around fixing bolt, thus fixed potato flower base portion；(2) petal and hero
The cutting of stamen: finger press pressure block shrinks oil storage bag, and hydraulic oil generates thrust, and then promotion and piston to piston through oil pipe
The blade being connected, blade are moved along circle rail, realize girdling；(3) finger is unclamped, hydraulic oil is recovered to oil storage bag, and blade resets,
It can proceed with emasculation next time.
9. a kind of potato cross breeding method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that step (2) potato
Pollen collecting includes: the fixation of (1) flower: flower being placed in cylinder, and anthocaulus is made to pass through notch；(2) separation of stamen:
By stamen by stamen release yoke, so that stamen is separated according to preset requirement；(3) collection of pollen: startup power supply switch,
Stamen release yoke generates vibration, so that pollen is separated from anther, and enters collection cups by sieve.
10. a kind of potato cross breeding method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that step (3) potato
Pollination includes: that (1) opens lid for pollen grain addition pollen storehouse；(2) power supply, controller, butterfly valve are sequentially connected with power supply line；
(3) hand rests live cylinder, and the column cap of flower to be pollinated is directed at jet pipe；Another hand presses pressuring gasbag, and air-flow pusher cylinder is living
Plug moves right, and the Non-return air valve that cylinder is located at cylinder piston two sides is in closed state, and cylinder is located at cylinder piston two sides
Space air pressure all increases；(4) when cylinder piston moves to above controller, permanent magnet, which is attracted, to be moved upwards, electrode contacts
Connect, power supply is that butterfly valve is powered, the electromagnet of butterfly valve be powered after by arc magnet magnetic force and rotate with moving valve plate and
It opens；The air pressure that cylinder is located at cylinder piston right side of the space is larger, and pollen grain is pushed to move to jet pipe；(5) and then cylinder is living
Plug crosses jet pipe, and the air pressure that cylinder is located at cylinder piston leftward space is larger, and gas moment quickly moves to jet pipe, drives pollen
Grain sprays；When cylinder piston crosses jet pipe, cylinder piston loses the magnetic force to permanent magnet in controller, and controller electrode contacts are disconnected
It opens, to realize that butterfly valve moment is on and off, a small amount of pollen grain is ejected；(6) cylinder is located at cylinder piston leftward space
Air pressure declines rapidly, because of pressure difference and gas inertia, cylinder is located at the opening of the Non-return air valve on the left of cylinder piston, and gas is supplemented in
Enter the space that cylinder is located on the left of cylinder piston；(7) it unclamps air bag piston spring to push back cylinder piston, it is living that cylinder is located at cylinder
The space air pressure decline on plug right side, because of pressure difference and gas inertia, cylinder is located at the opening of the Non-return air valve on the right side of cylinder piston, gas
Body is supplemented into the space that cylinder is located on the right side of cylinder piston.
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| CN116918698A (en) * | 2023-09-15 | 2023-10-24 | 山西华澳商贸职业学院 | Pollinator for potato breeding and cultivation |
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Effective date of registration: 20231215 Address after: 730515 Kangjiaya Village, Xindian Town, Lintao County, Dingxi City, Gansu Province Patentee after: Gansu Sanrong Modern Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 730070 No. 1 village gate, Anning District, Gansu, Lanzhou Patentee before: Gansu Agricultural University |