CN109487245A - 一种超疏水水合氧化铝薄膜的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种超疏水水合氧化铝薄膜的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109487245A
CN109487245A CN201811533124.0A CN201811533124A CN109487245A CN 109487245 A CN109487245 A CN 109487245A CN 201811533124 A CN201811533124 A CN 201811533124A CN 109487245 A CN109487245 A CN 109487245A
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江琦
陈娟
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种超疏水水合氧化铝薄膜的制备方法。该方法包括以下步骤:先分别配制0.94~9.4 wt%的无机铝盐水溶液和0.1~1.0 wt%的醋酸钠水溶液,再将两者混合均匀,置于水热反应釜中。然后将洗净的基材放入反应釜中,在130‑190℃下进行6~12h的水热反应。反应结束后,自然冷却36h,取出长有水合氧化铝薄膜的基材,洗涤,干燥。然后将带有水合氧化铝薄膜的基材放入1‑10 wt%月桂酸的乙醇溶液中浸泡10‑120分钟,取出,室温干燥,制得水合氧化铝超疏水薄膜。本发明具有成本低,工艺简单,易于操作的特点,制备出的材料具有优良的超疏水性。

Description

一种超疏水水合氧化铝薄膜的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于超疏水薄膜的制备领域,具体涉及一种超疏水水合氧化铝薄膜的制备方法。
背景技术
超疏水材料因在自清洁、防腐蚀、防冰附以及减阻等功能上具有广泛的应用,吸引了越来越多的关注。目前,超疏水薄膜的主要结构由底层的高比表面层和表层的疏水层构成。其中底层材料主要是二氧化硅、二氧化钛和氧化锌等高比表面无机体系。Wang等制备出了ZnO@SiO2超疏水薄膜(Langmuir, 2009, 25(23):13619-13624)首先利用旋转套膜法在载玻片上均匀涂覆纳米ZnO种子,在聚四氟乙烯高压釜中使种子生长成ZnO纳米线阵列,然后在阵列表面沉积SiO2/聚电解质壳,煅烧除去聚电解质,得到具有SiO2壳的ZnO纳米阵列,最后用化学气相沉积法对ZnO@SiO2进行改性,从而得到超疏水表面。(潘洪波,汪存东,刘建新等.二氧化钛/聚氨酯超疏水涂层的制备及性能. 高分子材料科学与工程,2015,31(5):63-64)以二氧化钛和有机硅改性聚氨酯为原料,乙酸乙酯为分散剂,通过喷涂法制备了TiO2/PU微-纳米复合结构的超疏水涂层。此制备过程包括了有机硅改性聚氨酯的制备、TiO2/PU混合分散液的制备、涂层的制备三个主要步骤,同时制备过程中使用了多种有机溶剂。以上方法存在材料制备过程复杂,成本较高,所用原料对环境污染大。因此,研究者正致力于开发制备简单,成本低,绿色环保的超疏水薄膜。
水合氧化铝因其在催化剂、吸附剂和阻燃剂等领域的广泛应用和较低的制备成本而受到关注,其表面形貌也较为丰富。有关水合氧化铝用于超疏水薄膜的制备仍鲜见报道。“一种透明超疏水涂层的制备方法”(CN103803814A)公开了一种关于透明超疏水涂层的制备方法,此涂层使用勃姆石制备底层结构。该方法主要包括四个步骤:勃姆石溶胶的制备、利用提拉涂膜方法在玻璃基底表面进行种子膜处理、水热反应、超疏水处理。该方法工艺繁琐,操作复杂,有机铝原料的使用也带来成本和环境危害问题。
发明内容
本发明提供一种水合氧化铝超疏水薄膜的制备方法,以解决超疏水薄膜制备中原料成本高、制备工艺复杂和环境危害等问题。该方法使用常规无机原料,采用一步水热法在基材表面直接制备了水合氧化铝薄膜,再对水合氧化铝薄膜进行疏水处理,得到超疏水薄膜。
为实现上述目的本发明采取了如下方案。
一种超疏水水合氧化铝薄膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将九水合硝酸铝和醋酸钠分别溶解于水中,得无机铝盐水溶液和醋酸钠水溶液;然后将无机铝盐水溶液和醋酸钠水溶液混合,搅拌均匀,得混合液;
(2)取一片洗净的基材放入水热反应釜中,将步骤(1)所得混合液倒入所述水热反应釜中进行水热反应,反应结束后自然冷却,将反应后的产物洗涤,干燥,得到水合氧化铝薄膜层;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的水合氧化铝薄膜层放入月桂酸的乙醇溶液中进行疏水处理,取出,干燥,得到超疏水薄膜。
优选的,步骤(1)中所配制的无机铝盐水溶液的浓度为0.94 wt%~9.4 wt%。
优选的,步骤(1)中所配制的醋酸钠水溶液的浓度为0.1 wt%~1.0 wt%。
优选的,步骤(2)中水热反应的时间为6~12h。
优选的,步骤(2)中水热反应的温度为130~190℃。
优选的,步骤(2)中自然冷却的时间为36h。
优选的,步骤(2)中干燥是在室温下。
优选的,步骤(3)中月桂酸的乙醇溶液的浓度为1~10 wt%。
优选的,步骤(3)中疏水处理时的浸泡时间为10~120分钟。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明不使用价格高,环境危害大的有机铝原料;
(2)本发明一步直接水热,无需制备水合氧化铝溶胶;
(3)本发明无需通过提拉涂抹等方法对基底进行种子膜处理;
(4)通过本发明方法制备超疏水薄膜,原料成本低,制备工艺简单;
(5)本发明制备的超疏水薄膜,可广泛应用于玻璃、陶瓷、金属等多种基材的表面疏水处理。
附图说明
图1为实施例1所得的水合氧化铝薄膜的扫描电镜图。
图2为实施例1所得的水合氧化铝薄膜的XRD谱图。
图3为实施例1所得的超疏水水合氧化铝薄膜的接触角状态图。
图4为实施例2所得的超疏水水合氧化铝薄膜的接触角状态图。
图5为实施例3所得的超疏水水合氧化铝薄膜的接触角状态图。
图6为实施例4所得的超疏水水合氧化铝薄膜的接触角状态图。
具体实施例
下面结合具体实施例对本发明制备,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
实施例1
(1)将0.375g(1mmol)九水合硝酸铝和0.04g(0.5mmol)醋酸钠分别溶解于40ml去离子水中,得到浓度为0.94%的九水合硝酸铝溶液和浓度为0.1%的醋酸钠溶液,将两者进行混合,搅拌均匀。
(2)取一片洗净的玻璃片放入水热反应釜,将步骤(1)所得混合液倒入水热反应釜中,在130℃水热反应6h,反应结束后自然冷却36h,将反应后的产物用蒸馏水洗涤两次,自然干燥,得到水合氧化铝薄膜。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的薄膜放入浓度为1wt%的月桂酸的乙醇溶液中处理10分钟,取出,室温干燥,得到超疏水薄膜,其接触角为152.9°。
实施例2
(1)将3.75g(10mmol)九水合硝酸铝和0.4g(5mmol)醋酸钠分别溶解于40ml去离子水中,得到浓度为9.4%的九水合硝酸铝溶液和浓度为1.0%的醋酸钠溶液,将两者进行混合,搅拌均匀。
(2)取一片洗净的金属铝箔放入水热反应釜,将步骤(1)所得混合液倒入水热反应釜中,在190℃水热反应12h,反应结束后自然冷却36h,将反应后的产物用蒸馏水洗涤两次,自然干燥,得到水合氧化铝薄膜。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的薄膜放入浓度为10 wt%月桂酸的乙醇溶液中处理120分钟,取出,室温干燥,得到超疏水薄膜,其接触角为167.1°。
实施例3
(1)将1.88g(5mmol)九水合硝酸铝和0.2g(2.5mmol)醋酸钠分别溶解于40ml去离子水中,得到浓度为4.7%的九水合硝酸铝溶液和浓度为0.5%的醋酸钠溶液,将两者进行混合,搅拌均匀。
(2)取一片洗净的陶瓷片放入水热反应釜,将步骤(1)所得混合液倒入水热反应釜中,在150℃水热反应9h,反应结束后自然冷却36h,将反应后的产物用蒸馏水洗涤两次,自然干燥,得到水合氧化铝薄膜涂层。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的薄膜放入浓度为5 wt%的月桂酸的乙醇溶液中处理60分钟,取出,室温干燥,得到超疏水薄膜,其接触角为160.5°。
实施例4
(1)将3.00g(8mmol)九水合硝酸铝和0. 08g(1mmol)醋酸钠分别溶解于40ml去离子水中,得到浓度为7.5%的九合硝酸铝溶液和浓度为0.2%的醋酸钠溶液,两者进行混合,搅拌均匀。
(2)取一片洗净的金属铜片放入水热反应釜,将步骤(1)所得混合液倒入水热反应釜中,在170℃水热反应12h,反应结束后自然冷却36h,将反应后的产物用蒸馏水洗涤两次,自然干燥,得到水合氧化铝薄膜涂层。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的薄膜放入浓度为7.5 wt%的月桂酸的乙醇溶液中处理30分钟,取出,室温干燥,得到超疏水薄膜,其接触角为162.7°。

Claims (8)

1.一种超疏水水合氧化铝薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将九水合硝酸铝和醋酸钠分别溶解于水中,得无机铝盐水溶液和醋酸钠水溶液;然后将无机铝盐水溶液和醋酸钠水溶液混合,搅拌均匀,得混合液;
(2)取一片洗净的基材放入水热反应釜中,将步骤(1)所得混合液倒入所述水热反应釜中进行水热反应,反应结束后自然冷却,将反应后的产物洗涤,干燥,得到水合氧化铝薄膜层;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的水合氧化铝薄膜层放入月桂酸的乙醇溶液中进行疏水处理,取出,干燥,得到超疏水薄膜。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的一种超疏水水合氧化铝薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所配制的无机铝盐水溶液的浓度为0.94 wt%~9.4 wt%。
3.根据权利要求1中所述的一种超疏水水合氧化铝薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所配制的醋酸钠水溶液的浓度为0.1 wt%~1.0 wt%。
4.根据权利要求1中所述的一种超疏水水合氧化铝薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中水热反应的时间为6~12h。
5.根据权利要求1中所述的一种超疏水水合氧化铝薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中水热反应的温度为130~190℃。
6.根据权利要求1中所述的一种超疏水水合氧化铝薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中自然冷却的时间为36h。
7.根据权利要求1中所述的一种超疏水水合氧化铝薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中月桂酸的乙醇溶液的浓度为1~10 wt%。
8.根据权利要求1中所述的一种超疏水水合氧化铝薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中疏水处理时的浸泡时间为10~120分钟。
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CN112225467A (zh) * 2020-10-15 2021-01-15 云南开放大学 一种超光滑氧化铝薄膜的制备方法
CN112707680A (zh) * 2020-12-28 2021-04-27 北京科技大学 一种疏水改性勃姆石涂层及其制备方法
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