CN109476814A - 高温稳定的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料 - Google Patents
高温稳定的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109476814A CN109476814A CN201780045072.XA CN201780045072A CN109476814A CN 109476814 A CN109476814 A CN 109476814A CN 201780045072 A CN201780045072 A CN 201780045072A CN 109476814 A CN109476814 A CN 109476814A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- component
- foam material
- polyisocyanurate foam
- weight
- mixture
- Prior art date
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- 239000011495 polyisocyanurate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 229920000582 polyisocyanurate Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 title claims description 42
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- -1 isocyanic acid Ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical class C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940058015 1,3-butylene glycol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous cyanic acid Natural products OC#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019437 butane-1,3-diol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940008841 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010696 ester oil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- QVTVDJWJGGEOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea;cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-].NC(N)=O QVTVDJWJGGEOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 26
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 15
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 13
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 9
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005829 trimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 5
- FZQMJOOSLXFQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3,5-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl]-n,n-dimethylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCN1CN(CCCN(C)C)CN(CCCN(C)C)C1 FZQMJOOSLXFQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical group NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004872 foam stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl acetate Chemical class COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 3
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SVYKKECYCPFKGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C1CCCCC1 SVYKKECYCPFKGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000005063 oxadiazines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)CC(F)(F)F MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RPDAUEIUDPHABB-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium ethoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC[O-] RPDAUEIUDPHABB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium formate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C=O WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BDAWXSQJJCIFIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium methoxide Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C BDAWXSQJJCIFIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RLEFZEWKMQQZOA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;octanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O RLEFZEWKMQQZOA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960005480 sodium caprylate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BYKRNSHANADUFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BYKRNSHANADUFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(O)=O AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZLFPVPRZGTCKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)CC(F)(F)F WZLFPVPRZGTCKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPXVHIRIPLPOPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound OCCN1C(=O)N(CCO)C(=O)N(CCO)C1=O BPXVHIRIPLPOPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobutane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCN=C=O OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFPJRUKWEPYFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diisocyanatopentane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCN=C=O DFPJRUKWEPYFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDGCBNTXZHJTHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-1,3-oxazol-2-id-4-one Chemical group O=C1CO[C-]=N1 WDGCBNTXZHJTHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHZREHARUPHHCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylbenzene-1,2,3-triol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1O PHZREHARUPHHCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004156 Azodicarbonamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWRWFPQBGSZWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N2CN(N=O)CN1CN(N=O)C2 MWRWFPQBGSZWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erythritol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocyanic acid Chemical compound N=C=O OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJOWTWWHMWQATC-KYHIUUMWSA-N Karpoxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)CC(O)CC2(C)C DJOWTWWHMWQATC-KYHIUUMWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGXQOOUIOHVMEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N=C=O.N=C=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC Chemical compound N=C=O.N=C=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC SGXQOOUIOHVMEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=C(CN)C=C1 ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQQXCSFSYHAZOO-UHFFFAOYSA-L [acetyloxy(dioctyl)stannyl] acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Sn](OC(C)=O)(OC(C)=O)CCCCCCCC CQQXCSFSYHAZOO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 description 1
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- UDWXLZLRRVQONG-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hexanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCC([O-])=O UDWXLZLRRVQONG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,其可通过在催化剂和任选的引发剂存在下使混合物反应来获得,该混合物包含如下组分或由如下组分组成:A)多异氰酸酯组分,其包含至少一种脂族多异氰酸酯;B)异氰酸酯反应性组分,其包含至少一种多元醇和/或醇以及任选的胺;C)至少一种发泡剂;D)至少一种泡沫稳定剂,和E)任选至少一种添加剂,其特征在于,在一起使用异氰酸酯反应性组分(多元醇、醇、胺)的情况下,该混合物的指数为至少200。本发明还涉及制备这种泡沫的方法及其作为隔热材料、作为构造元件、作为外墙隔热物、作为反应器隔热物、作为电池组隔热物、作为热蒸气隔热物、作为燃烧炉隔热物、或作为耐候性隔热材料的用途。
Description
本发明涉及聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其可通过在催化剂和任选的引发剂存在下使混合物反应来获得,所述混合物包含如下组分或由如下组分组成:
A)多异氰酸酯组分,其包含至少一种脂族多异氰酸酯;
B)异氰酸酯反应性组分,其包含至少一种多元醇和/或醇以及任选的胺;
C)至少一种发泡剂;
D)至少一种泡沫稳定剂,和
E)任选至少一种添加剂。
本发明还涉及制备这种泡沫材料的方法及其用途。
基于芳族异氰酸酯的聚氨酯泡沫材料和聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料尤其属于最好的隔热材料。然而,就耐温性而言,聚氨酯泡沫被许多其它隔热材料超越。例如,根据WO 2012/150201 A2,例如包含噁唑烷酮结构的泡沫具有明显更好的耐温性。
早已已知异氰脲酸酯基团比氨基甲酸酯基团具有明显更高的耐热性(K. Wagner,Angew. Chem. 74, 1962, 799)。因此,多年来,聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫已经用于更高要求的热隔绝(Heat Resistant Rigid Foams by Trimerization of Isocyanate TerminatedPrepolymers, Journal of Cellular Plastics, 1965年1月, 第1卷, 第1期, 85-90,GB1137459A)。
如今,通过使用至少一种催化剂使多元醇组分与异氰酸酯组分在发泡剂存在下反应来制备聚氨酯-聚异氰脲酸酯(PUR-PIR)硬质泡沫材料。此外,还可以添加添加剂,例如泡沫稳定剂和阻燃剂。PUR-PIR硬质泡沫材料与其它硬质泡沫材料,例如PUR硬质泡沫材料相比具有显著更好的热稳定性和改进的防火性能(US 2003/0187085 A1)。这些改进的性能归因于异氰脲酸酯结构元素。
聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的耐温性超过聚氨酯泡沫的耐温性大约30°C至40°C。然而,如上所述,其不是纯的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫;而是取决于指数,异氰脲酸酯含量通常为40%至75%。然而,这意味着除了异氰脲酸酯基团之外,存在并非微不足道的氨基甲酸酯基团含量,并且在水发泡泡沫的情况下还有脲基团含量。然而,脲基团和氨基甲酸酯基团具有比异氰脲酸酯基团更低的温度稳定性。
为了提高温度稳定性,也将聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫在多步法中例如与环氧化物反应(例如:GB 1104394和DE 3938062 A1)。在WO2007/042411 A1中描述了几乎纯的芳族聚异氰脲酸酯(指数/指数为1600至100000),其中优选将水用作发泡剂。然而,这导致该泡沫由聚脲和聚异氰脲酸酯组成。然而,这种纯芳族聚脲-聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫相当脆。
现有技术中描述了聚异氰脲酸酯的制备(US 3645979 A),其中主要从脂族和芳族性质的液态的单体二异氰酸酯(例如硬脂基二异氰酸酯、十二烷基二异氰酸酯、癸基二异氰酸酯、壬基二异氰酸酯、辛基二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、四亚甲基二异氰酸酯(BDI)、五亚甲基二异氰酸酯(PDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、4,4'-二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷(H12MDI)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)(4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,2'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯)、萘-1,5-二异氰酸酯(NDI)、2,5-(和2,6 -)-双(异氰酸根合甲基)双环[2.2.1]庚烷(NBDI))起始。三聚反应成聚异氰脲酸酯的反应焓以-75 kJ/mol NCO是非常高的。在聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的制备中,这尤其导致问题,因为通常的多孔材料和泡沫尤其具有非常低的热导率,因此发生准绝热反应过程,这导致显著的温度升高。因此,特别是在具有高异氰酸酯含量的单体二-和三异氰酸酯(例如BDI、PDI、HDI、TIN)的情况下,从单体二异氰酸酯起始的反应对于大体积的泡沫体在目前主导的几乎绝热的条件下无法进行,而是仅能够以少的物质量或在严格的温度控制下,即例如以如在模具中或在双传送带方法中那样的小的体积-表面积-比例而实现。
本发明的目的是提供高温稳定的隔热泡沫(以下也称为聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料或硬质泡沫)及其根据如下方法的制备,该方法适用于有效地生产大体积泡沫体,其中避免了在现有技术中对聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫所述的反应过程中不受控的剧烈热生成,这伴随着不受控的发泡反应和因此在隔热效果方面低品质的泡沫。高温稳定的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫还应优选在≤200℃下具有最多2.0%,优选1.5%,更优选1.0%的质量损失,其通过在氮气气氛中在20至200℃的温度范围内以20℃/分钟的加热速率的热重分析测定。另外,所述高温稳定泡沫所基于的反应混合物应在工艺安全性方面是可控的。图1显示了纯聚异氰脲酸酯结构的示例性表示。
该目的通过聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料来实现,所述聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫可通过在催化剂和任选的引发剂存在下使混合物反应来获得,所述混合物包含如下组分或由如下组分组成:
A)多异氰酸酯组分,其包含至少一种脂族多异氰酸酯;
B)异氰酸酯反应性组分,其包含至少一种多元醇和/或醇以及任选的胺;
C)至少一种发泡剂;
D)至少一种泡沫稳定剂,和
E)任选至少一种添加剂,
其中所述混合物的特征在于其指数为至少200,优选至少400,特别优选至少1000。
所述指数说明了NCO反应性当量与活性H官能(通常为OH-或NH-)当量的比例(Kunststoffhandbuch 7, Polyurethane, 1983, 第12页)。
所述指数(在下列等式中称为指数)根据以下等式计算,
不定量表述“一个/一种”通常表示“一个或多个/一种或多种”意义上的”至少一个/一种”。根据情况,本领域技术人员理解,并非不定冠词而是定冠词必须意味着“1”意义上的“一个/一种”,或者不定冠词“一个/一种”在实施方案中也一起包括定冠词“一个/一种”(1)。
令人惊讶地发现,与已知的具有高指数的单体芳族或脂族异氰酸酯的发泡相比,在主要由脂族聚异氰脲酸酯起始而制备聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫时可以进行可良好控制的发泡反应。可以获得具有<0.05 W/(mK),优选<0.04 W/(mK)和特别优选<0.035 W/(mK)的现代PUR硬质泡沫范围内的热导率和<100 kg/m3,优选<80 kg/m3和特别优选<70 kg/m3的容积密度(Rohdichte)的高温稳定泡沫。
用于本发明方法的多异氰酸酯组分A)的起始化合物优选为具有脂族、脂环族和/或芳脂族键合的异氰酸酯基团的二异氰酸酯和多异氰酸酯,其任选地在多异氰酸酯存在下,其中所有异氰酸酯基团的优选最多30%是芳族异氰酸酯基团。这种异氰酸酯通常通过光气化而制备,但也可以通过无光气途径,例如通过氨基甲酸酯裂解来制备。在一个优选的情况下,二异氰酸酯的有针对性三聚的产物用作在室温(23℃)下呈液态的起始化合物(EP0010589 A1、EP 0047452 A1)。
多异氰酸酯组分A)优选具有根据DIN EN ISO 3219:1994-10在23℃下为100至30000 mPas,优选500至25000 mPas,更优选800至22500 mPas的粘度。
有利的是,基于A)的总重量计,使用至少50重量%,特别是70重量%的脂族异氰酸酯。有利的是具有<25重量%的NCO含量和> 2的平均NCO官能度的基于1,6-二异氰酸根合己烷(HDI)的含异氰脲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯。
为了增加相容性,特别是在极性化学发泡剂如水和/或甲酸存在下,有利地使用至少一定含量,优选> 1%,特别优选> 3%,非常特别优选> 5%的亲水化的含异氰脲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯。这种亲水化的含异氰脲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯例如通过使聚异氰脲酸酯与带有至少一个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的亲水性化合物反应而得到。用于异氰酸酯的有针对性的亲水化的典型合适化合物是本领域技术人员公知的,例如聚醚、聚酯和带有磺酸基团的化合物。Covestro Deutschland AG以Bayhydur®为名提供此类化合物以用作漆料工业中的交联剂。
特别优选这样的多异氰酸酯组分A),其在多异氰酸酯组合物A)中具有最多50重量%,有利地最多25重量%和特别有利地最多10重量%的单体二异氰酸酯的含量,分别基于多异氰酸酯组分A)的总重量计。贫单体的多异氰酸酯组分A)和其中所含的低聚多异氰酸酯通常通过将简单的脂族、脂环族、芳脂族和/或芳族单体二异氰酸酯或这些单体二异氰酸酯的混合物改性来获得。
同样,还可以任选地使用芳族多异氰酸酯(p-MDI),以提高例如玻璃化转变温度。
根据本发明,低聚多异氰酸酯尤其可以具有脲二酮、异氰脲酸酯、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、亚氨代噁二嗪二酮和/或噁二嗪三酮的结构。特别优选的是在多异氰酸酯组分A)中具有> 10重量%,特别优选> 20重量%的异氰脲酸酯基团含量的多异氰酸酯。
不依赖于基本的低聚物结构(脲二酮、异氰脲酸酯、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、亚氨代噁二嗪二酮和/或噁二嗪三酮的结构),用于本发明方法的多异氰酸酯组分A)和/或其中所含的低聚多异氰酸酯优选具有2.0至6,优选2.3至4.0的(平均)NCO官能度。
当根据本发明使用的多异氰酸酯组分A)具有15至40重量%,优选20至30重量%的异氰酸酯基团含量(分别基于多异氰酸酯组合物A)的总量计)时,得到特别优选的结果。
合适的商购可得的多异氰酸酯尤其是Desmodur XP 2675、Desmodur® XP 2489、Desmodur® N3300、Desmodur® N3600、Desmodur® 44M、Desmodur® H、Bayhydur® 3100,均可从Covestro Deutschland AG获得。
根据本发明,异氰酸酯反应性组分B)包含至少一种多元醇和/或醇以及任选的胺。二醇和三醇优选用作多元醇。合适的异氰酸酯反应性组分B)的多元醇优选具有在1巴下>150℃的沸点。
优选的二醇的实例是乙二醇、丁二醇、三乙二醇、二乙二醇、聚亚烷基二醇如聚乙二醇以及1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇和异构体、新戊二醇或羟基新戊酸新戊二醇酯。此外,还可以使用多元醇如三羟甲基丙烷、甘油、赤藓糖醇、季戊四醇、三羟甲基苯或三羟乙基异氰脲酸酯。特别优选甘油、乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、新戊二醇、三羟甲基丙烷。最优选的是甘油。
合适的醇是例如具有1至6个碳原子,优选最多4个碳原子的一元醇,更优选甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇和/或正丙醇。特别优选甲醇。
原则上,可以使用本领域技术人员已知用于聚氨酯泡沫的所有化合物作为胺。
所用化学和/或物理发泡剂C)的量取决于所需的泡沫密度。发泡剂包括水、甲酸、烃(特别是环己烷、正己烷、环戊烷、正戊烷)、卤代烃、酯(特别是甲酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯)。借助于可膨胀的微球如Expancel或通过裂解出气体的物质如偶氮二甲酰胺也可以实现密度的降低。
如果使用水和/或甲酸作为发泡剂,则为了改善相容性而添加亲水性的含异氰酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯是非常有利的。来自Covestro AG的商购可得的亲水化的异氰酸酯Bayhydur 3100(NCO含量:17.4%,平均NCO官能度:3.2(根据GPC),单体HDI:0.1%,粘度(23℃):2800 mPas)是基于1,6-二异氰酸根合己烷(HDI)的亲水性的含异氰脲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯实例。其它制造商的其它亲水性的含异氰酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯也同样可考虑。通过加入合适的单官能或多官能的亲水性的异氰酸酯反应性化合物如聚醚和本领域技术人员已知的其它化合物,在发泡反应之前或期间原位制备亲水化的异氰酸酯也是可行的。
为了实现低热导率,优选使用烃或卤代烃。特别合适的烃例如是环己烷、正己烷、环戊烷、正戊烷,良好合适的是卤代烃,特别是由于以前广泛使用的氯氟烃的高臭氧降解潜力,目前可以使用氟代烃,例如1,1,1,3,3-五氟丙烷(HFC-245fa)、1,1,1,3,3-五氟丁烷(HFC-365mfc)、1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷、1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-十二氟环己烷、1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6-十一氟-6-(三氟甲基)环己烷,酯例如甲酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯)。
卤代烃可以有利地用作唯一的发泡剂,但也可以与其它物理发泡剂组合使用。
在由多元醇/水混合物和异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯形成泡沫材料的情况下,优选使用催化的体系。在一个特别优选的实施方案中,异氰脲酸酯的形成和在用催化剂形成脲时的二氧化碳的生成彼此匹配,由此使所产生的气体可以用于使异氰脲酸酯-氨基甲酸酯-脲泡沫骨架发泡。在一个特定的实施方案中,骨架和二氧化碳的形成速度大于来自泡沫体系的二氧化碳的扩散速度,以使得在相对缓慢的扩散反应中只有少量的、不显著量的发泡气体以未利用的形式扩散出来。扩散反应的控制是本领域技术人员已知的(Peter Atkins(1998), Physical Chemistry (第六版), 第825页以及其后各页, Ann. Rev. Phys.Chem., 34, 493, 1983)。
特别地,在本发明的方法中,催化剂(三聚催化剂)优选选自:
甲酸铵、乙酸铵、辛酸铵、乙酸锡(II)、辛酸锡(II)、乙基己酸锡(II)、月桂酸锡(II)、二乙酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、马来酸二丁基锡、二乙酸二辛基锡、乙酸钠、辛酸钠、乙基己酸钠、甲酸钾、乙酸钾、乙基己酸钾、辛酸钾、氢氧化钠、甲醇钠、甲醇钾、乙醇钠、乙醇钾及其它醇盐及其混合物,特别优选选自乙酸钠、辛酸钠、乙基己酸钠、甲酸钾、乙酸钾、乙基己酸钾、辛酸钾、氢氧化钠、甲醇钠、甲醇钾、乙醇钠、乙醇钾及其混合物。
根据本发明的硬质泡沫主要至完全是闭孔的。此外,作为本发明方法的产物的细孔硬质泡沫优于粗孔的。基于此,根据本发明提供了一种或多种泡沫稳定剂D)的用途。适合作为泡沫稳定剂,特别是用于制备细孔泡沫的是硅酮表面活性剂,优选硅氧烷-聚氧化烯共聚物,特别是聚二甲基硅氧烷-聚氧化烯共聚物。其它泡沫稳定剂,如乙氧基化脂肪醇和烷基酚、基于脂肪酸的氧化胺和甜菜碱和蓖麻油酯或蓖麻油酸酯以及上述化合物的混合物也可用作泡沫稳定剂。在硅酮表面活性剂中,特别优选亲水性的富含环氧乙烷的聚硅氧烷-聚氧化烯共聚物。这些是商业上可获得的,例如以商品名Tegostab® B8421、Tegostab®B8490、Tegostab® B8444(全部来自Evonik Industries AG),并且特别适用于化学发泡的泡沫,例如组合着使用水和/或甲酸作为发泡剂C)。优选的更疏水的泡沫稳定剂D)是更富含环氧丙烷的聚硅氧烷-聚氧化烯共聚物。这些是商业上可获得的,例如以商品名Tegostab®B84702-LV、Tegostab® B8870,并且特别适用于物理发泡的泡沫,即使用例如烃和/或氟代烃作为发泡剂C)制备的泡沫。
此外,根据本发明的PIR硬质泡沫材料的制备还可以通过添加本领域技术人员已知的添加剂E),优选助剂和添加剂,例如阻燃剂,特别优选磷酸三乙酯(TEP)、磷酸三(2-氯异丙基)酯(TCPP)、乳化剂、辅助催化剂如1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)等进行。添加剂E)特别优选包含阻燃剂,尤其是磷酸三乙酯(TEP)、磷酸三(2-氯异丙基)酯(TCPP)。
任选地根据本发明一起使用的添加剂E)的其它实例是乳化剂、反应阻滞剂、针对老化和风化影响的稳定剂、增塑剂、无机阻燃物质、含磷和/或含卤素的有机阻燃剂、抑真菌和抑细菌的物质、颜料和染料以及本身已知的常规有机和无机填料。乳化剂包括例如乙氧基化的烷基酚、脂肪酸的碱金属盐、硫酸化脂肪酸的碱金属盐、磺酸的碱金属盐和脂肪酸的盐和胺。上述助剂和/或添加剂的使用方式和作用方式的进一步细节描述于例如Kunststoff-Handbuch,Polyurethanes,第VII卷,Carl Hanser Verlag,慕尼黑,维也纳,第2版,1983中。
根据本发明,将各个组分发泡成PIR硬质泡沫材料在一起使用多元醇组分B)的情况下在指数为200-5000,优选250-4000,特别优选300-3000,更优选至少500,特别是至少750,优选至少1000的情况下进行,分别任选地与上述上限之一组合。
特别优选在发泡之前将组分C)(物理发泡剂:烃等)与多异氰酸酯组分A)混合至少5分钟至24小时。
特别优选将组分B)、C)、D)和任选的E)在与异氰酸酯组分A)发泡之前混合以得到异氰酸酯反应性的组合物。然而,替代地,也可以例如将填料混入异氰酸酯混合物中。
根据本发明的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料优选具有> 80℃,优选> 100℃,另外优选<200℃,特别优选<180℃的Tg。该Tg可以根据DIN EN ISO 11357-1通过DSC测定。
本发明尤其涉及如下实施方案:
1.聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其可通过在催化剂和任选的引发剂存在下使包含如下的混合物反应来获得:
A)多异氰酸酯组分,其包含至少一种脂族多异氰酸酯;
B)异氰酸酯反应性组分,其包含至少一种多元醇和/或醇以及任选的胺;
C)至少一种发泡剂;
D)至少一种泡沫稳定剂,和
E)任选至少一种添加剂,
其特征在于
该混合物的指数为至少200。
2.如实施方案1所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,多异氰酸酯组分A)具有至少50重量%,特别是至少70重量%的脂族多异氰酸酯的含量,基于该多异氰酸酯组分计。
3.如实施方案1或2所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述脂族多异氰酸酯包含低聚聚异氰脲酸酯,其基于1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和/或1,5-五亚甲基二异氰酸酯和/或其混合物和另外任选4,4'-亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯。
4.如前述实施方案中任一项所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,多异氰酸酯组分A)具有最多40重量%,特别是最多30重量%的异氰酸酯基团的含量,基于多异氰酸酯组分A)的总重量计。
5.如前述实施方案中任一项所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述多异氰酸酯组分A)的平均NCO官能度为2.0至6.0,优选2.3至4.5,更优选2.5至4。
6.如前述实施方案中任一项所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述多异氰酸酯组分A)的粘度根据DIN EN ISO 3219:1994-10在23℃下为100至30000 mPas,优选500至25000 mPas,更优选800至22500 mPas。
7.如前述实施方案中任一项所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,异氰酸酯反应性组分B)的多元醇的分子量小于200 g/mol,优选小于150 g/mol,更优选其中所述多元醇选自甘油、乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇、三羟甲基丙烷或其混合物。
8.如前述实施方案中任一项所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述发泡剂C)是物理和/或化学发泡剂,其优选选自水、甲酸,烃,尤其是环己烷、正己烷、环戊烷、正戊烷,卤代烃,酯,特别是甲酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯;或者选自在热量下分解而生成气体的那些发泡剂,例如优选碳酸铵、碳酸氢钠、N,N'-二甲基-N,N'-二亚硝基对苯二甲酰胺、对,对'-氧代双(苯磺酰肼)、偶氮二甲酰胺、苯磺酰肼、重氮氨基苯、偶氮二异丁腈、二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺和对叔丁基苯甲酰叠氮或其混合物。同样合适的是在温度作用下膨胀的材料,例如Expancel®(Akzonobel B.V.,NL)。
9.如前述实施方案中任一项所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述泡沫稳定剂D)选自硅酮表面活性剂,特别是硅氧烷-聚氧化烯共聚物,优选聚二甲基硅氧烷-聚氧化烯共聚物、乙氧基化脂肪醇和烷基酚、基于脂肪酸的氧化胺和甜菜碱、蓖麻油酯和蓖麻油酸酯或其混合物。
10.如前述实施方案中任一项所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述添加剂E)选自阻燃剂、乳化剂、填料或其混合物。
11.如前述实施方案中任一项所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述混合物的指数为200至5000,优选为400至4000,最优选500至3000。
12.如前述实施方案中任一项所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述混合物包含如下组分或由如下组分组成:
80.0至98.0重量%,特别是87.0至97.0重量%的多异氰酸酯组分A),
0.1%至10重量%,特别是0.2至6.0重量%的异氰酸酯反应性组分B),
1.0至10重量%,特别是1.3至6.0重量%的发泡剂C),
0.1至3.0重量%,特别是0.3至1.5重量%的泡沫稳定剂D),和
0至10重量%,特别是0.05至5重量%的一种或多种添加剂E)。
13.如前述实施方案中任一项所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料在≤200℃下具有最多2.0%的相对质量损失,特别是最多1.5%,还更优选最多1.0%的相对质量损失,其通过在氮气气氛中在20至200℃的温度范围内以20℃/分钟的加热速率的热重分析测定。
14.如前述实施方案中任一项所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,将所述聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料在两阶段方法中进行热处理,其中使在混合之前在<100℃下的起始组分开始反应、然后在至少60℃的温度下经至少1小时的时间段,特别是在至少100℃的温度下经至少1小时的时间段进行发泡反应。
15.制备聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料的方法,其中将混合物在催化剂和任选的引发剂存在下反应,该混合物包含如下组分或由如下组分组成:
A)多异氰酸酯组分,其包含至少一种脂族多异氰酸酯;
B)异氰酸酯反应性组分,其包含至少一种多元醇和/或醇以及任选的胺;
C)至少一种发泡剂;
D)至少一种泡沫稳定剂,和
E)任选至少一种添加剂,
其特征在于
该混合物的指数为至少200。
16.如实施方案1至14中任一项所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料作为隔热材料(特别是用于管隔热)、作为构造元件、作为外墙隔热物、作为反应器隔热物、作为电池隔热物、作为热蒸气隔热物、作为燃烧炉隔热物、或作为耐候性隔热材料的用途。
实施例
下面通过实施例更详细地阐述本发明:
使用的测定方法:
除非另有说明,组分A)的平均NCO官能度通过凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)测定。官能度是每分子反应性基团数量,即在网络形成中潜在连接点数量的描述。然而,多异氰酸酯(如例如在二异氰酸酯的三聚中形成)不仅由一种特定的分子类型组成,而是包含具有不同官能度的不同分子的宽泛分布。因此,作为多异氰酸酯的测定值,给出平均官能度。多异氰酸酯的平均官能度通过数均分子量和当量重量的比例明确地确定,并且通常由借助于凝胶渗透色谱法测定的分子量分布计算。
除非另有说明,组分A)的粘度根据DIN EN ISO 3219:1994-10在23℃下测定。
使用的组分:
三聚催化剂:
•DABCO K15:( 2-乙基己酸钾)
•Desmorapid:1792(乙酸钾)
•甲醇钠,在甲醇中25重量%
使用的多元醇B):
•甘油
泡沫稳定剂(聚醚-聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚物):
•Tegostab® B8421:
•Tegostab® B8490
•Tegostab® B84702 LV:
使用的多异氰酸酯A):
•Desmodur® N3300:基于1,6-二异氰酸根合己烷(HDI)的含异氰脲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯,其中NCO含量为21.7%,平均NCO官能度为3.5(根据GPC),单体HDI含量为0.1%,粘度为3000 mPas(23℃)
•Desmodur® N3600:基于1,6-二异氰酸根合己烷(HDI)的含异氰脲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯,其中NCO含量为23.2%,平均NCO官能度为3.2(根据GPC),单体HDI含量为0.2%,粘度为1200 mPas(23°C)
•Desmodur® 44M:4,4'-亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯
•Desmodur® H:六亚甲基二异氰酸酯
•Desmodur® 44V20L:基于二苯基甲烷-4,4'-二异氰酸酯(MDI)的异氰酸酯,其中NCO含量为30.5-32.5,粘度为160-240 mPas(25°C)
•Bayhydur® 3100:基于1,6-二异氰酸根合己烷(HDI)的含异氰脲酸酯基团的亲水性多异氰酸酯,其中NCO含量为17.4%,平均NCO官能度为3.2(根据GPC),单体HDI含量为0.1%,且粘度为2800 mPas(23°C)。
实施例1:
将由3.75g甘油、0.50g甲酸、4.37g水、2.10g泡沫稳定剂Tegostab® B8421和3.00g催化剂Dabco® K15构成的异氰酸酯反应性的组合物与由200.40g Desmodur® N3600、28.63g Bayhydur® 3100和57.26g Desmodur® H构成的异氰酸酯混合物混合,并注入模具中。该混合物本身通过搅拌器以3730转/分钟、15秒混合时间和23℃的原料温度来制备。然后将模具置于60℃的烘箱中。2小时后泡沫硬化。
实施例2:
将由9.90g甘油、3.71g甲酸、1g水、2.10g泡沫稳定剂Tegostab® B8421和3.00g催化剂Desmorapid® 1792构成的异氰酸酯反应性的组合物与由140.15g Desmodur® N3600、140.15g Desmodur® 44M构成的异氰酸酯混合物混合,并注入模具中。然后将模具置于60℃的烘箱中。12分钟后泡沫硬化。然后在60℃下进行2小时的热处理。
实施例3:
将由0.61g甘油、2.78g泡沫稳定剂Tegostab® B84702 LV、2.78g催化剂,即溶于75%甲醇的25%甲醇钠构成的异氰酸酯反应性的组合物与由272.12g Desmodur® N3600和21.70g己烷构成的异氰酸酯-烃混合物混合,并注入模具中。该异氰酸酯-烃混合物本身在约1天前使用搅拌器以3750转/分钟和23℃原料温度来制备。然后将模具置于70℃的烘箱中。泡沫在4分钟后硬化。
实施例4:
将由15.00g甘油、2.00g泡沫稳定剂Tegostab® B8421、34.24g催化剂环烷酸钴(6%)和2.85g二甲基亚砜(Eur. Polym. J., 第18卷, 第549页及其后各页, 1982)构成的异氰酸酯反应性的组合物与由161.84g Desmodur N3600和69.36g Desmodur® 44M和14.70g己烷构成的异氰酸酯-烃混合物混合,并注入模具中。该异氰酸酯-烃混合物本身使用搅拌器以3750转/分钟和23℃原料温度来制备。然后将模具置于60℃的烘箱中。6分钟后泡沫硬化。然后在60℃下进行2小时的热处理。
实施例5a:
将由1.08g甘油、1.44g泡沫稳定剂Tegostab® B84702 LV、2.88g催化剂Dabco® K15、0.288g催化剂,即溶于75%甲醇的25%甲醇钠构成的异氰酸酯反应性的组合物与由282.26g Desmodur® N3600和12.06g甲酸甲酯构成的异氰酸酯-酯混合物混合,并注入模具中。该异氰酸酯-烃混合物本身使用搅拌器以3750转/分钟和23℃原料温度来制备。然后将模具置于105℃的烘箱中。38分钟后泡沫硬化。然后在70℃下进行2小时的热处理。
实施例5b:
将由1.08g甘油、1.44g泡沫稳定剂Tegostab® B84702 LV、2.88g催化剂Dabco® K15、0.288g催化剂,即溶于75%甲醇的25%甲醇钠构成的异氰酸酯反应性的组合物与由282.26g Desmodur® N3600和12.06g甲酸甲酯构成的异氰酸酯-酯混合物混合,并注入模具中。该异氰酸酯-烃混合物本身使用搅拌器以3750转/分钟和23℃原料温度来制备。然后将模具置于105℃的烘箱中。38分钟后泡沫硬化。然后在115℃下进行2小时的热处理。
实施例6:
将由1.13g甘油、1.51g水、0.875g泡沫稳定剂Tegostab® B8421和1.25g催化剂Desmorapid® 1792构成的异氰酸酯反应性的组合物与由107.79g Desmodur® 3600、8.29g Desmodur® XP2675和4.15g Bayhydur® 3100构成的异氰酸酯混合物在3600转/分钟下混合,并注入模具中。然后将模具置于80℃的烘箱中。40分钟后泡沫硬化。然后在80℃下进行2小时的热处理。
对比例1:
将由72.07g Stepanpol® PS-2325(OH值:240mg KOH/g,官能度:2)、13.86g TCPP(磷酸三(2-氯异丙基)酯)、1.85g泡沫稳定剂Tegostab® B8421、2.40g Desmorapid® 1792、0.83g Jeffcat® DMCHA(环己基二甲基胺)和1.11g水构成的异氰酸酯反应性的组合物与由194.03g Desmodur® 44V20L和13.86g 环/异戊烷(30/70)构成的异氰酸酯-烃混合物混合,并注入模具中。该异氰酸酯-烃混合物本身使用搅拌器以3750转/分钟和23℃原料温度来制备。然后将模具置于60℃的烘箱中。泡沫在30秒后硬化。
测定加热时的质量损失:
对根据实施例1至5b和对比例1获得的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料在加热时的质量损失方面进行了研究。实验在氮气气氛中以20℃/分钟的加热速率进行。通过与各自的起始质量比较的热重分析来测定质量损失。令人惊讶地发现,根据本发明的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料具有明显改进的耐温性。
实施例 | 热处理 | 开始质量损失 | 在200°C下的质量损失 | 在250°C下的质量损失 | 在400°C下的质量损失 |
实施例1 | 60°C, 2h | 195°C | 0.8% | 1.9% | 10.5% |
实施例2 | 60°C, 2h | 230°C | 0.9% | 1.4% | 24.0% |
实施例3 | 60°C, 2h | 190°C | 0.8% | 1.6% | 5.6% |
实施例4 | 60°C, 2h | 200°C | 0.9% | 6.7% | 29.0% |
实施例5a | 70°C, 2h | 250°C | 0.8% | 1.6% | 5.5% |
实施例5b | 115°C, 2h | 250°C | 0.4% | 0.6% | 3.7% |
实施例6 | 80°C, 2h | 245°C | 0.6% | 1.1% | 6.6% |
对比例1 | 135°C | 3.5% | 7.0% | 40.0% |
Claims (15)
1.聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其可通过在催化剂和任选的引发剂存在下使包含如下的混合物反应来获得:
A)多异氰酸酯组分,其包含至少一种脂族多异氰酸酯;
B)异氰酸酯反应性组分,其包含至少一种多元醇和/或醇以及任选的胺;
C)至少一种发泡剂;
D)至少一种泡沫稳定剂,和
E)任选至少一种添加剂,
其特征在于
该混合物的指数为至少200。
2.如权利要求1所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,多异氰酸酯组分A)具有至少50重量%,特别是70重量%的脂族多异氰酸酯的含量,基于所述多异氰酸酯组分计。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述脂族多异氰酸酯包括1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和/或1,5-五亚甲基二异氰酸酯和/或其混合物和另外任选的4,4'-亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,多异氰酸酯组分A)具有最多40重量%的异氰酸酯基团的含量,基于多异氰酸酯组分A)的总重量计。
5.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述多异氰酸酯组分A)的平均NCO官能度为2.0至6.0。
6.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述多异氰酸酯组分A)的根据DIN EN ISO 3219:1994-10在23℃下的粘度为100至30000 mPas。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述异氰酸酯反应性组分B)的多元醇的分子量小于200 g/mol,优选小于150 g/mol,更优选其中所述多元醇选自甘油、乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇、三羟甲基丙烷或其混合物。
8.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述泡沫稳定剂D)选自硅酮表面活性剂,特别是硅氧烷-聚氧化烯共聚物,优选聚二甲基硅氧烷-聚氧化烯共聚物、乙氧基化脂肪醇和烷基酚、基于脂肪酸的氧化胺和甜菜碱、蓖麻油酯和蓖麻油酸酯或其混合物。
9.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述添加剂E)选自阻燃剂、乳化剂、填料或其混合物。
10.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述混合物的指数为200至5000,优选为400至4000,最优选500至3000。
11.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述混合物包含如下组分或由如下组分组成:
80.0至98.0重量%的多异氰酸酯组分A),
0.1%至10重量%的异氰酸酯反应性组分B),
1.0至10重量%的发泡剂C),
0.1至3.0重量%的泡沫稳定剂D),和
0至10重量%的(一种或多种)添加剂E)。
12.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料在≤200℃下具有最多2.0%的相对质量损失,特别是最多1.5%的相对质量损失,其通过在氮气气氛中在20至200℃的温度范围内以20℃/分钟的加热速率的热重分析测定。
13.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,将所述聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料在两阶段方法中进行热处理,其中使在混合之前在<100℃下的起始组分开始反应、然后在至少60℃的温度下经至少1小时的时间段进行发泡反应。
14.制备聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料的方法,其中将混合物在催化剂和任选的引发剂存在下反应,该混合物包含如下组分或由如下组分组成:
A)多异氰酸酯组分,其包含至少一种脂族多异氰酸酯;
B)异氰酸酯反应性组分,其包含至少一种多元醇和/或醇以及任选的胺;
C)至少一种发泡剂;
D)至少一种泡沫稳定剂,和
E)任选至少一种添加剂,
其特征在于
该混合物的指数为至少200。
15.如权利要求1至13中任一项所述的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫材料作为隔热材料、作为构造元件、作为外墙隔热物、作为反应器隔热物、作为电池组隔热物、作为热蒸气隔热物、作为燃烧炉隔热物、或作为耐候性隔热材料的用途。
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EP16180611.2 | 2016-07-21 | ||
EP16180611 | 2016-07-21 | ||
PCT/EP2017/067532 WO2018015245A1 (de) | 2016-07-21 | 2017-07-12 | Hochtemperaturstabile polyisocyanuratschaumstoffe |
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CN109476814A true CN109476814A (zh) | 2019-03-15 |
CN109476814B CN109476814B (zh) | 2022-05-10 |
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US (1) | US10808070B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3487903B1 (zh) |
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WO (1) | WO2018015245A1 (zh) |
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CN114981330A (zh) * | 2020-01-28 | 2022-08-30 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 异氰酸酯反应性组合物 |
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CN112694596B (zh) * | 2020-12-14 | 2022-07-19 | 山东一诺威新材料有限公司 | 耐高温耐蠕变管道保温材料及其制备方法 |
EP4406987A1 (en) * | 2023-01-27 | 2024-07-31 | Sika Technology AG | Curable potting material for automotive battery packs |
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EP3487903B1 (de) | 2021-12-01 |
WO2018015245A1 (de) | 2018-01-25 |
US20190233574A1 (en) | 2019-08-01 |
EP3487903A1 (de) | 2019-05-29 |
US10808070B2 (en) | 2020-10-20 |
CN109476814B (zh) | 2022-05-10 |
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