CN109476184B - 用于由弹性体材料制成的制品、优选用于充气车辆轮胎的加强层以及充气车辆轮胎 - Google Patents
用于由弹性体材料制成的制品、优选用于充气车辆轮胎的加强层以及充气车辆轮胎 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于由弹性体材料制成的制品、优选用于充气车辆轮胎的用橡胶处理的加强层,其中该加强层具有多个平行安排并且间隔开的强度构件,其中每个强度构件由至少一根由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)构成的加捻复丝纱线组成,其中该复丝纱线具有50分特克斯至1100分特克斯的纱线支数(线密度)和根据ASTM D885‑16的≥70cN/特克斯的基于线密度的极限拉伸强度,并且其中该用橡胶处理的材料具有厚度D。本发明还涉及一种包含该加强层的充气车辆轮胎。该复丝纱线具有根据ASTM D885‑16的10%至20%的断裂伸长率,经由DSC测定的55%至65%的结晶度和具有0.21≤Δn≤0.25的双折射率Δn。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于由弹性体材料制成的制品、优选用于充气车辆轮胎的用橡胶处理的加强层,其中该加强层具有多个平行安排并且间隔开的强度构件,其中每个强度构件由至少一根由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)构成的加捻复丝纱线组成,其中该复丝纱线具有50分特克斯至1100分特克斯的纱线支数(线密度)和根据ASTM D885-16的≥70cN/特克斯的基于线密度的极限拉伸强度,并且其中该用橡胶处理的材料具有厚度D。本发明还涉及一种包含该加强层的充气车辆轮胎。
背景技术
用于由弹性体材料制成的制品(例如工业橡胶产品和充气车辆轮胎)的加强层是非常重要的,并且是本领域技术人员的常识。这些加强层具有多个加强的线形元件,这些加强的线形元件被称为强度构件。将它们完全嵌入弹性体材料中。这些加强层的强度构件具有例如织物或压延的连续盘绕的强度构件的形式。
使具有合适尺寸和设计的用橡胶处理的加强层与另外的部件结合以形成工业橡胶产品或充气车辆轮胎。用橡胶处理的加强层加强了所讨论的产品。
用于橡胶产品的加强层的强度构件可以是很多种不同的材料。存在由钢制成的强度构件或织物强度构件的已知的实例。在橡胶工业中使用的织物强度构件包括,例如由人造丝或聚酯制成的强度构件。
对于汽车轮胎的胎体,已经建立了所谓的HMLS聚酯纱线作为强度构件。此类纱线是通过在高张力下将工业聚酯纱线纺丝生产的,并且以高模量和低收缩率(高模量低收缩率)著称。具有1440分特克斯的纱线支数(线密度)的HMLS聚酯复丝纱线经常用在汽车轮胎的胎体中。具有这种线密度的纱线具有相对高的直径。这具有轮胎中的压延层厚度增加的缺点。当这些层经受搅动力时,这反过来导致在轮胎的驱动操作中更大的热量积累。这种热量的积累导致高速性能的损失和滚动阻力。
EP 0 908 329 B1披露了提供用于充气车辆轮胎的胎体的用橡胶处理的增强层,这些增强层具有由聚酯类型的PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)或PEN(聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯)制成的合成复丝纱线制成的织物帘线。由于所使用的纱线支数和织物帘线的构造使得它们是相对薄的,因此该用橡胶处理的增强层具有相对低的层厚度。这首先具有的优点是,必须使用较少的橡胶材料来对这些强度构件进行橡胶处理,这节省了材料成本。第二,在产品,例如在车辆轮胎中的薄的用橡胶处理的增强层具有减少轮胎重量的优点。同时,材料厚度的减小导致较低的滞后,这对轮胎的滚动阻力有积极的效果。
根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的加强层和其生产方法是例如从CN 104494169中已知的。其中使用的复丝纱线具有500D至1000D的线密度和105mN/分特克斯至120mN/分特克斯的模量。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种用橡胶处理的加强层,该加强层在具有足够强度的同时,在其在所得橡胶产品中的热量积累方面已经得到进一步优化。
该目的是这样实现的:复丝纱线具有根据ASTM D885-16的10%至20%的断裂伸长率,经由DSC测定的55%至65%的结晶度和具有0.21≤Δn≤0.25的双折射率Δn。
“复丝纱线”在此理解为是指已经被加捻并且因此作为具有x1构造的强度构件元件并且已经经历热拉伸操作(包括浸渍)的复丝纱线。
可以使用具有上述特性的复丝纱线来生产用橡胶处理的加强层,尽管这些加强层的直径非常小,但它们具有高的整体强度。双折射率和结晶度的相互作用导致纱线的更大取向,这似乎导致更高的强度。这使得用这些加强层生产的橡胶产品中的热量积累得到进一步改善。甚至更薄的复丝纱线可以进一步减小橡胶化材料的量。除了节省材料成本之外,这导致更薄的橡胶化层,例如当用作充气车辆轮胎中的胎体层时,导致重量的减小以及在搅动力和离心力的作用下明显更低的热量积累。后者对滚动阻力和高速性能具有积极的效果。
本发明的加强层,特别是关于断裂强度、弹性模量、抗疲劳性和断裂伸长率,满足特别是在车辆轮胎中使用的需求。
用于本发明的增强层的复丝纱线是通过将原纱纺丝而没有任何加捻,并随后在捻线机上加捻来生产的。
通过进行本领域技术人员已知的以下步骤将复丝纱线转化成可用于压延的织物:
-将一根或多根复丝纱线加捻以得到所希望的强度构件构造
-生产包含所希望的强度构件的织物
-活化该织物用于橡胶粘合,例如借助RFL浸渍。
当复丝纱线具有在从420分特克斯至1100分特克斯范围内的纱线支数(线密度)时是有利的。以这种方式,在高的极限拉伸强度相互作用下可以实现特别薄的加强层。具体地,实现了与使用本发明的加强层作为胎体层的充气车辆轮胎的疲劳性能相关以及与加强层生产的可加工性相关的优点。
对于在由常规固化的弹性体材料制成的制品中的使用,已经发现当在180℃下在0.1cN/分特克斯的预应力下暴露时间为2min,该复丝纱线具有小于4%的热收缩率时是有利的。因此,产品的固化对产品内的复丝纱线具有非常小的影响。
在本发明的优选发展中,复丝纱线具有根据ASTM D885-16的10%至15%的断裂伸长率。具有此类加强层作为胎体层的充气车辆轮胎是甚至在极端条件(如与路边石接触)下更耐疲劳的。
对于橡胶产品,尤其是充气车辆轮胎,已经发现当通过下式计算的用橡胶处理的加强层的基于线密度的橡胶化厚度GD
GD=橡胶化厚度D*(线密度/断裂强度),
在1.0mm*g/(m*cN)与3.2mm*g/(m*cN)之间时是有利的,该断裂强度是根据ASTMD885-16测定的。当此类加强层用在充气车辆轮胎中时,在滚动阻力和高速使用的适用性方面可实现特别好的结果。
当强度构件是由至少两根相互加捻的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯复丝纱线组成的织物帘线并且优选以至少130epdm的密度安排在加强层中时,也是有利的。
“epdm”是指每分米的经纱(ends),并且以本领域技术人员惯用的方式来描述加强层中的帘线密度。
在这种情况下,当聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯复丝纱线具有395tpm(捻数/米)至620tpm的加捻率(twist rate)时,并且当织物帘线具有395tpm至620tpm的经纱加捻率时,是合适的。捻系数α应该相应地在185与205之间。捻系数α被定义为α=捻度[t/m]*(线密度[特克斯]/1000)1/2。复丝纱线可以是S-或Z-加捻的,并且经纱加捻与复丝纱线加捻相反。
已经发现特别合适的加强层是具有由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯复丝纱线制成的织物帘线的那些,该聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯复丝纱线具有550分特克斯x2至1100分特克斯x2的构造。这些织物帘线是非常薄的并且具有非常高的抗疲劳性。
本发明关于充气车辆轮胎是这样实现的:所述轮胎包含上述用橡胶处理的加强层。
在该上下文中,该加强层尤其是胎体和/或胎圈加强件。
具体实施方式
本发明将在下文中参考工作实例详细阐述,但不限于此。
在本发明的一个优选的工作实例中,该加强层被用作用于充气汽车轮胎的胎体(胎体层)。该加强层是具有由两根相互加捻的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯复丝纱线构成的织物帘线作为强度构件的用橡胶处理的织物,这些聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯复丝纱线具有密度为175epdm的550x 2的构造。这些复丝纱线各自具有580tpm的加捻率并且所讨论的织物帘线具有在相反方向上580tpm的经纱加捻率。这些复丝纱线具有根据ASTM D885-16的72.7cN/特克斯的基于线密度的极限拉伸强度并且橡胶化厚度为0.80mm。发现基于线密度的橡胶化厚度GD的值为1.1mm*g/(m*cN)。根据ASTM D885-16的断裂伸长率为13.5%。该复丝纱线具有56.6%的结晶度和0.210的双折射率。
通过动态差示量热法(DSC)使用来自TA仪器公司(TA Instruments)的仪器通过以下方式测定结晶度:首先在第一个加热循环中,以10K/分钟的加热速率将2mg至5mg的复丝纱线从室温加热至300℃,然后以10K/分钟将其从300℃冷却至室温,并且然后在第二个加热循环中,再以10K/分钟的加热速率将其从室温加热至300℃。结晶度由聚合物的熔解热测定并报告为与相同材料的100%结晶样品的熔解热有关的%结晶度。
使用带有贝瑞克补偿器的偏光显微镜(Olympus BX50)确定双折射率。将样品以对角位置放入仪器中并通过向左和向右扭转直到样品的外表达到其最暗来确定各自的旋转程度。将旋转差除以2以获得倾斜角。使用参照表,该倾斜角用于确定以nm为单位的光程差γ。公式双折射率Δn=(光程差γ/厚度d)用于计算双折射率,借助动丝测微计测定样品的厚度。
配备有该加强层作为胎体层的充气汽车轮胎以用于高速用途的高适应性著称,并且与具有常规PET胎体层的轮胎相比,可以将滚动阻力降低约2%。
下表1给出了上述构造的PET织物帘线和由其生产的轮胎的参数的概述,其中确定了滚动阻力。
表1
100%的滚动阻力对应于参比。滚动阻力>100%表明降低的(改进的)滚动阻力,而滚动阻力<100%表明升高的(恶化的)滚动阻力。
下表2示出了具有相同的帘线构造(1100x2)的PET织物帘线的特性。
表2
对于相同的帘线构造,基于线密度的极限拉伸强度更高,这也表现在更高的结晶度和双折射率。这使得可以转换成更薄的帘线直径。在本发明的加强层中,基于线密度的橡胶化厚度减小。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于充气车辆轮胎的用橡胶处理的加强层,其中该加强层具有多个平行安排并且间隔开的强度构件,其中每个强度构件由至少一根由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)构成的加捻复丝纱线组成,其中该复丝纱线具有50分特克斯至1100分特克斯的线密度和根据ASTM D885-16的≥70cN/特克斯的基于线密度的极限拉伸强度,并且其中该用橡胶处理的材料具有厚度D,
其特征在于,
该复丝纱线具有根据ASTM D885-16的10%至20%的断裂伸长率,经由DSC测定的55%至65%的结晶度和具有0.21≤Δn≤0.25的双折射率Δn。
2.如权利要求1所述的加强层,其特征在于,该复丝纱线具有420分特克斯至1100分特克斯的线密度。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的加强层,其特征在于,在180℃下在0.1cN/分特克斯的预应力下暴露时间为2min,该复丝纱线具有小于4%的热收缩率。
4.如权利要求1所述的加强层,其特征在于,该复丝纱线具有根据ASTM D885-16的10%至15%的断裂伸长率。
5.如权利要求1所述的加强层,其特征在于,其具有通过以下公式GD=橡胶化厚度D*(线密度/断裂强度)计算的在1.0mm*g/(m*cN)与3.2mm*g/(m*cN)之间的基于线密度的橡胶化厚度GD,该断裂强度是根据ASTM D885-16测定的。
6.如权利要求1所述的加强层,其特征在于,该强度构件是由至少两根相互加捻的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯复丝纱线组成的织物帘线,并且其特征在于,这些强度构件以至少130epdm的密度被安排在该加强层中。
7.如权利要求6所述的加强层,其特征在于,这些复丝纱线具有395tpm至620tpm的加捻率,并且其特征在于,该织物帘线具有395tpm至620tpm的经纱加捻率。
8.如权利要求6所述的加强层,其特征在于,该织物帘线具有550分特克斯x2至1100分特克斯x2的构造。
9.一种充气车辆轮胎,其具有至少一个如前述权利要求中至少一项所述的加强层。
10.如权利要求9所述的充气车辆轮胎,其特征在于,该加强层是胎体和/或胎圈加强件。
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PCT/EP2017/066564 WO2018024424A1 (de) | 2016-08-02 | 2017-07-04 | Verstärkungslage für gegenstände aus elastomerem material, vorzugsweise für fahrzeugluftreifen, und fahrzeugluftreifen |
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