CN109451904B - Farmland structure and method for preventing and controlling farmland pests - Google Patents
Farmland structure and method for preventing and controlling farmland pests Download PDFInfo
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- CN109451904B CN109451904B CN201811363020.XA CN201811363020A CN109451904B CN 109451904 B CN109451904 B CN 109451904B CN 201811363020 A CN201811363020 A CN 201811363020A CN 109451904 B CN109451904 B CN 109451904B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of ecological prevention and control of agricultural pests, and particularly provides a farmland structure and a method for preventing and controlling farmland pests. The farmland structure includes plant district with set up in plant the outlying ecological median in district, ecological median plants the flowering plant that can attract pest natural enemy. The farmland structure utilizes the flowering plants capable of attracting the natural enemies of the pests to attract the natural enemies of the pests, so that the natural enemies of the pests can reside, thereby reducing the pests, realizing the ecological control effect on the pests and the pests-borne diseases, reducing the use amount of pesticides, and being scientific and environment-friendly; the ecological isolation zone blocks the channel of pests, germs, pesticides and the like entering the planting area from the outside, prevents the surrounding environment from influencing the environment of the planting area, and greatly reduces the pressure of prevention and control in the planting area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ecological prevention and control of agricultural pests, in particular to a farmland structure and a method for preventing and controlling farmland pests.
Background
China is a large country of agriculture and population, food is the life line of the country, and crops are subjected to various environmental and biological stresses in the growth process, including abnormal temperature, water loss, some unfavorable chemical and physical conditions in soil and the like, particularly pest damage, and crop yield reduction or quality reduction caused by pest and disease damage. Insect pests refer to the damage harmful insects (or other animals) cause to the growth of plants. The disease refers to the damage of harmful bacteria, fungi, viruses and other germs to the growth of plants. In China, because of the change of crop varieties, cultivation systems, ecological environments and the like and the gradual deterioration of crop growth environments, the harm of farmland germs and pests is increasingly serious, most farmland pests have the characteristics of strong reproductive capacity, large quantity, great harm and the like, and the germs have the characteristics of high division speed, strong spreading property, sudden occurrence and the like, and are difficult to effectively treat.
At present, farmland germs and pests are mainly treated by applying pesticides, but the farmland germs and the pests have the problems of incapability of taking pesticides according to symptoms, large dosage, multiple drug administration frequency and misuse and abuse, and the drug resistance of the farmland germs and the pests is increased by a large number of drug administrations; moreover, because the pesticide is unreasonably used throughout the year, natural enemies of farmland pests are often mistakenly killed, the biological diversity of the farmland is reduced, the ecological system of the farmland is destroyed, and diseases and outbreaks of pests are aggravated; in addition, a large amount of pesticide residues cause a serious pesticide residue problem, so that the pesticide residues in crops exceed the standard, the adverse effect is generated on the growth of the crops, and the health of human beings is also endangered; in addition, pesticide residues destroy the ecological environment of farmlands, the residual pesticide poisons frogs, birds and the like, the biological diversity is reduced, and partial pesticide even enters underground water to pollute water sources. Therefore, the use amount of pesticides is reduced, and the pest control is scientific and environment-friendly, which is an urgent matter.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a farmland structure, which comprises an ecological isolation zone at the periphery of a planting area, and the natural enemies of pests are attracted by utilizing flowering plants capable of attracting the natural enemies of the pests, so that the natural enemies of the pests can reside, the pests are reduced, the ecological control effect on the pests and the pests-borne diseases is realized, the pesticide consumption is reduced, and the farmland structure is scientific and environment-friendly.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a method for preventing and controlling farmland pests, the method adopts the farmland structure to prevent and control the farmland pests, has the characteristics of labor and time saving, simple operation and less environmental pollution, utilizes the flowering plants to attract the natural enemies of the pests, can greatly reduce the using amount of pesticides, saves the cost, improves the quality and the safety of agricultural products, and has obvious ecological benefit, social benefit and economic benefit.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a farmland structure, which comprises a planting area and an ecological isolation zone arranged at the periphery of the planting area, wherein the ecological isolation zone is planted with flowering plants capable of attracting natural enemies of pests.
As a further preferable technical solution, the width of the ecological isolation belt is not less than 3 meters.
As a further preferable technical scheme, at least one ridge is arranged in the planting area, and the ridge is planted with flowering plants capable of attracting natural enemies of pests.
As a further preferable technical scheme, at least one main ridge and at least one secondary ridge are arranged in the planting area, and the main ridges and the secondary ridges are distributed in a staggered mode.
As a further preferable technical scheme, at least two flowering plants are planted in the main ridge, and the at least two flowering plants are alternately arranged; at least one flower-showing plant is planted in the secondary ridge; the varieties of the flowering plants in the main ridge are different from those of the flowering plants in the secondary ridge;
preferably, the varieties of the flowering plants on the two adjacent main banks are arranged in a staggered mode.
As a further preferable technical scheme, the width of the main ridge is 1-1.2 m;
preferably, the width of the secondary ridge is 0.5-0.8 m;
preferably, the interval between the two main ridges is 100-200 m, preferably 145-155 m;
preferably, the interval between two secondary ridges is 60-90 m, preferably 70-75 m.
As a further preferred technical solution, the flowering plants include long-cycle flowering plants;
preferably, the flowering plant includes any one or more of buckwheat, zinnia, helianthus nanus, rubiaceae, and papaver rhoeas.
As a further preferable technical scheme, any one or more of rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, cane shoots, cotton and soybeans are planted in the planting area.
As a further preferable technical scheme, the pests include any one or more of aphids, chilo suppressalis, tryporyza incertulas, rice planthoppers, rice weevils, leaf miners and rice leaf rollers.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for controlling farmland pests, which adopts the farmland structure to control the farmland pests.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the farmland structure provided by the invention comprises a planting area and an ecological isolation zone at the periphery of the planting area, and the ecological isolation zone is planted with the flowering plants capable of attracting natural enemies of pests, so that the flowering plants can effectively attract the natural enemies of the pests, and a sheltering place and a food source are provided for the natural enemies of the pests, so that the natural enemies of the pests can reside, and the number of the pests is reduced due to the increase of the number of the natural enemies of the pests, therefore, the quantity of the pests in the farmland structure is small, the usage amount of pesticides is small, the ecological environment of the farmland is good, and the quality of agricultural products is good. In addition, the ecological isolation zone in the farmland structure separates the planting area from the surrounding environment from the physical space, so that the pests in the planting area can be effectively reduced, harmful substances such as germs and pesticides in the surrounding environment can be isolated, the passage of the pests, the germs, the pesticides and the like entering the planting area from the outside is blocked, the surrounding environment is prevented from influencing the environment of the planting area, and the internal prevention and control pressure of the planting area is greatly reduced.
The method for preventing and controlling the farmland pests adopts the farmland structure to prevent and control the farmland pests, utilizes the flowering plants to attract the natural enemies of the pests, thereby providing sheltered places and food sources for the natural enemies of the pests, enabling the natural enemies of the pests to reside, and reduces the number of the pests by increasing the number of the natural enemies of the pests, thereby achieving the purpose of preventing and controlling the pests.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a farmland structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 1-a planting area; 2-an ecological isolation zone; 3-main ridge; 4-secondary ridge; 31-variety of flowering plant A; 32-variety of flowering plant B; 33-flowering plant C variety; 41-variety D of the flowering plant.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
It should be noted that:
in the present invention, all the embodiments and preferred methods mentioned herein can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution, if not specifically stated.
In the present invention, all the technical features mentioned herein and preferred features may be combined with each other to form a new technical solution, if not specifically stated.
In the present invention, unless otherwise stated, the numerical range "a-b" represents a shorthand representation of any combination of real numbers between a and b, where a and b are both real numbers. For example, a numerical range of "1 to 1.2" indicates that all real numbers between "1 to 1.2" have been listed herein, and "1 to 1.2" is only a shorthand representation of the combination of these numbers.
The "ranges" disclosed herein may have one or more lower limits and one or more upper limits, respectively, in the form of lower limits and upper limits.
The terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Unless otherwise defined, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is familiar to those skilled in the art. In addition, any methods or materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the present invention.
According to one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a farmland structure, which comprises a planting area and an ecological isolation zone arranged at the periphery of the planting area, wherein the ecological isolation zone is planted with flowering plants capable of attracting natural enemies of pests.
Above-mentioned farmland structure is including planting district and its outlying ecological median, because the planting of ecological median has the flowering plant that can attract pest natural enemy, the flowering plant can effectively attract pest natural enemy, provide for pest natural enemy and shelter place and food source, make pest natural enemy to park, the increase of pest natural enemy quantity makes pest quantity reduce, consequently, the pest quantity in this farmland structure is few, the use amount of pesticide is few, the ecological environment in farmland is good, the quality of agricultural product is good. In addition, the ecological isolation zone in the farmland structure separates the planting area from the surrounding environment from the physical space, so that the pests in the planting area can be effectively reduced, harmful substances such as germs and pesticides in the surrounding environment can be isolated, the passage of the pests, the germs, the pesticides and the like entering the planting area from the outside is blocked, the surrounding environment is prevented from influencing the environment of the planting area, and the internal prevention and control pressure of the planting area is greatly reduced.
It should be noted that:
the "planting area" refers to a field mainly used for planting crops, including food crops and cash crops.
The "pests" refer to organisms harmful to crops, including but not limited to aphids, chilo suppressalis, tryporyza incertulas, rice planthoppers, rice weevils, leaf miners, aphids, corn borers, brown planthoppers, codling moths, psyllids or rice leaf rollers and the like.
The "natural enemies of pests" refers to organisms capable of inhibiting mass propagation of pests, and includes but is not limited to spiders, dragonflies, coccinella septempunctata, bees, thysanoptera, trichogramma or lygus bugs, and the like. Among them, spiders can feed on a large number of pests, and are important components of natural enemies of farm pests.
The ecological isolation zone is not limited to planting the flowering plants capable of attracting natural enemies of pests, and other plants for removing pests or other devices for removing pests can be planted. One or more than one type of flowering plants can be planted in the ecological isolation zone, and in order to enrich the types of natural enemies of pests capable of attracting, a plurality of types of flowering plants are preferably planted.
The 'flowering plant' refers to a plant capable of flowering, fruiting and propagating by seeds; the "flowering plants" are planted in a manner commonly used in agriculture, such as in solitary planting, row planting, cluster planting, patch planting, group planting or mixed planting.
In a preferred embodiment, the width of the ecological isolation strip is not less than 3 meters. Typical but non-limiting widths are 3 meters, 3.5 meters, 4 meters, 4.5 meters, 5 meters, 5.5 meters, 6 meters, or the like. The width of the ecological isolation zone is too small, so that the planting amount of the flowering plants is reduced, and the number of natural enemies of pests capable of being attracted is too small, so that the pests cannot be effectively prevented and treated.
In a preferred embodiment, at least one ridge is arranged in the planting area, and the ridge is planted with flowering plants capable of attracting natural enemies of pests. According to the preferred embodiment, the ridge is arranged in the planting area and the flowering plants are planted on the ridge, so that the control of pests in the planting area is realized, the ridge forms an ecological corridor in the planting area and is matched with an ecological isolation zone on the periphery of the planting area to form an ecological protection net together, the comprehensive control of the pests in the planting area is realized from the inside and the outside, the control difficulty is reduced, and the control effect is more remarkable.
The 'flowering plants' on the ridges can be the same as or different from the 'flowering plants' on the ecological isolation belts, and the 'flowering plants' on the ridges can be one or more.
Preferably, the ridge is higher than the cultivated land in the planting area. The frog and the toad are important natural enemy components of farmland pests, and can swallow 30-50 pests per adult frog and toad on average per day, and can swallow 15-25 pests per young frog and toad on average per day. The ridge can be used as a place for hibernation of frogs and toads in winter and spring, and the ridge is higher than the cultivated land in the planting area, so that the frogs and the toads can be prevented from being killed due to mechanical cultivation when hibernation in the farmland is not yet revived.
In a preferable embodiment, at least one main ridge and at least one secondary ridge are arranged in the planting area, and the main ridge and the secondary ridge are distributed in a staggered mode. The main ridges and the secondary ridges which are distributed in a staggered mode form a flowering plant planting net in the planting area, the planting area is divided into a plurality of small planting areas, and flowering plants are planted around each small planting area, so that pests in each small planting area can be effectively controlled; in addition, the control of pests in the whole planting area is more comprehensive, the crops positioned at the edge of the planting area and in the middle of the planting area can obtain effective pest control effect, and the condition of considering the pest is reduced, so that the quality of the crops is more uniform and stable.
The staggered distribution means that the main ridge and the secondary ridge intersect, and the intersection point is not at the end point of the main ridge or the secondary ridge. It should be understood that the above-mentioned "primary ridge" and "secondary ridge" are provided for convenience of description only and do not imply that the primary ridge is the primary ridge, nor that the secondary ridge is the secondary ridge.
In a preferred embodiment, at least two flowering plants are planted in the main ridge, and the at least two flowering plants are alternately arranged; at least one flower-showing plant is planted in the secondary ridge; the varieties of the flowering plants in the main ridge are different from those in the secondary ridge. The specific planting mode of the flowering plants in the preferred embodiment can not only provide more varieties of the flowering plants for the planting area, but also attract and protect more varieties of natural enemies of pests, and enhance the effect of controlling the pests in the whole planting area; but also can ensure that at least two different flowering plant varieties exist around each small planting area, and the effect of preventing and controlling pests in each small planting area is improved; in addition, because the flowering phases of the flowering plants of different varieties are different, the flowering plants can be always in a flowering state in the whole growth period of crops, and natural enemies of pests are attracted and maintained continuously, so that continuous protection is provided for the crops.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned "alternately arranged" means that at least two kinds of flowering plants are alternately and circularly arranged, for example, when two kinds of flowering plants A, B are planted in the main ridge, the arrangement mode of the flowering plants is A \ B \ A \ B \ A \ B …; when three flowering plants A, B, C are planted in the main ridge, the arrangement mode of the flowering plants is A \ B \ C \ A \ B \ C \ A \ B \ C …; when four flowering plants A, B, C, D are planted in the main ridge, the arrangement mode of the flowering plants is A \ B \ C \ D \ A \ B \ C \ D \ A \ B \ C \ D \ A \ C \ D …; and so on.
Preferably, the varieties of the flowering plants on the two adjacent main banks are arranged in a staggered mode. The staggered arrangement can provide at least three varieties of flowering plants around each small planting area, so that more varieties of natural enemies of pests are attracted and maintained, and the pest control effect is enhanced.
The staggered arrangement means that the varieties of the flowering plants at the corresponding positions of the two adjacent main banks are different; the corresponding positions refer to the positions on two opposite sides of each small planting area; the small planting area is a planting area formed by enclosing two adjacent main ridges and two adjacent secondary ridges, or a planting area formed by enclosing two adjacent main ridges, two adjacent secondary ridges and an ecological isolation zone. For example, if two flowering plants A, B are planted in the main ridges, when the arrangement of the flowering plants in the first main ridge is A \ B \ A \ B \ A \ B …, the arrangement of the flowering plants in the adjacent second main ridge is B \ A \ B \ A \ B \ A …; if three flowering plants A, B, C are planted in the main ridges, when the arrangement mode of the flowering plants in the first main ridge is A \ B \ C \ A \ B \ C \ A \ B \ C …, the arrangement mode of the flowering plants in the adjacent second main ridge is C \ A \ B \ C \ A \ B \ C \ A \ B …, and the arrangement mode of the flowering plants in the third main ridge adjacent to the second main ridge is B \ C \ A \ B \ C \ A …; and so on.
As shown in fig. 1, in an exemplary farmland structure, an ecological isolation zone 2 is arranged on the periphery of a planting zone 1, four main ridges 3 and five secondary ridges 4 are arranged inside the planting zone 1, and flowering plants are planted on the ecological isolation zone 2, the main ridges 3 and the secondary ridges 4, wherein a plurality of flowering plants are planted on the ecological isolation zone 2 in a mixed manner, flowering plant A varieties 31, flowering plant B varieties 32 and flowering plant C varieties 33 are alternately arranged on the main ridges 3, the flowering plant varieties on two adjacent main ridges 3 are arranged in a staggered manner, and flowering plant D varieties 41 are planted on the secondary ridges 4.
In a preferred embodiment, the width of the main ridge is 1-1.2 meters. The width of the main ridge is typically, but not limited to, 1 meter, 1.1 meters or 1.2 meters. The width range of the main ridge is reasonable, the plants with the flower-showing plants can be planted on the main ridge, and the planting density of the plants with the flower-showing plants is reasonable.
Preferably, the width of the secondary ridge is 0.5-0.8 m. The width of the secondary ridge is typically, but not limited to, 0.5 m, 0.6 m, 0.7 m or 0.8 m. The width range of the secondary ridge is reasonable, good growth of the plants with the flowers on the secondary ridge can be guaranteed, reduction of crop planting area caused by overlarge width can be avoided, and the land can be fully utilized.
Preferably, the interval between the two main ridges is 100-200 m, preferably 145-155 m. The spacing between the main ridges is typically, but not limited to, 100 meters, 105 meters, 110 meters, 115 meters, 120 meters, 125 meters, 130 meters, 135 meters, 140 meters, 145 meters, 150 meters, 155 meters, 160 meters, 165 meters, 170 meters, 175 meters, 180 meters, 185 meters, 190 meters, 195 meters, or 200 meters.
Preferably, the interval between two secondary ridges is 60-90 m, preferably 70-75 m. The spacing between the secondary ridges is typically, but not limited to, 60 meters, 65 meters, 70 meters, 75 meters, 80 meters, 85 meters, or 90 meters.
The interval between the main ridge and the secondary ridge is reasonable, the land planting structure can be optimized to the maximum extent on the premise of ensuring the pest control effect, and the land utilization rate is improved.
Preferably, any one or more of an insect killing lamp, a sex attractant and an insect pest monitoring device are further arranged on the ecological isolation zone and/or the ridge. Through setting up insecticidal lamp, sex attractant or insect pest monitoring devices exterminate the pest and control the insect pest in the planting district, grasp pest distribution situation, further improve pest control effect.
In a preferred embodiment, the flowering plants comprise long-cycle flowering plants. The term "long-period flowering plant" refers to a flowering plant having a flowering period of 3 months or more. The long-period flowering plants can be planted to ensure that the flowering plants are in a flowering state in the growth and development period of crops, so that natural enemies of pests are continuously attracted and maintained, and continuous protection is provided for the crops.
In order to further prolong the flowering phase, the flowering plants are preferably planted for multiple times so as to ensure that the flowering phase is uninterrupted and improve the pest control effect. For example, when buckwheat is planted, the flower season is not interrupted by 3 times of sowing, with a time interval of 10 to 20 days (e.g., 15 days) between the second and first sowing and a time interval of 10 to 20 days (e.g., 15 days) between the third and second sowing.
Preferably, the flowering plant includes any one or more of buckwheat, zinnia, helianthus nanus, rubiaceae, and papaver rhoeas. The above plants can attract and protect bees, buckwheat can attract and protect trichogramma and bees, zinnia elegans can attract and protect tassel apis cerana and black plant bugs, sunflower petunia can attract and protect black bee, lubinghua can attract and protect tassel apis cerana, and corn poppy can attract and protect trichogramma and tassel apis cerana. Short sunflowers are preferred to short stemmed multiheaded sunflowers in order to attract and breed more natural enemies of pests.
In a preferred embodiment, the growing area is planted with any one or more of rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, cane shoots, cotton and soybeans.
In a preferred embodiment, the pests include any one or more of aphids, chilo suppressalis, tryporyza incertulas, rice planthoppers, rice weevils, leaf miners and rice leaf rollers.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of controlling field pests using the above-described field structure. The method for preventing and treating the farmland pests adopts the farmland structure to prevent and treat the farmland pests, and the flowering plants are used for attracting the natural enemies of the pests, so that sheltering places and food sources are provided for the natural enemies of the pests, the natural enemies of the pests can reside, and the number of the pests is reduced by increasing the number of the natural enemies of the pests, so that the purpose of preventing and treating the pests and pest-borne diseases is achieved.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
The utility model provides a farmland structure, includes the planting district and sets up in planting the peripheral ecological median in district, and the ecological median is planted and is had chrysanthemum of pertussis and lubing flower, and the width of ecological median is 3 meters.
Example 2
A farmland structure comprises a planting area, an ecological isolation zone arranged at the periphery of the planting area, and five main ridges and five secondary ridges which are arranged in the planting area and are distributed in a staggered manner, wherein zinnia and lubing flowers are planted on the ecological isolation zone, and buckwheat is planted on the main ridges and the secondary ridges;
the width of the ecological isolation zone is 3 meters, the width of the main ridge is 1.2 meters, the width of the secondary ridge is 0.8 meter, the interval between the two main ridges is 150 meters, and the interval between the two secondary ridges is 75 meters.
Different from the embodiment 1, the embodiment is additionally provided with the main ridge and the secondary ridge, and buckwheat is planted on the main ridge and the secondary ridge.
Example 3
A farmland structure comprises a planting area, an ecological isolation zone arranged at the periphery of the planting area, and five main ridges and five secondary ridges which are arranged in the planting area and are distributed in a staggered manner, wherein the ecological isolation zone is planted with zinnia elegans and lubing flowers;
three flowering plants, namely short sunflower, ruxue flower and corn poppy, are planted on the main ridge, and the short sunflower, ruxue flower and corn poppy are alternately arranged in a mode of 'short sunflower, ruxue flower, corn poppy, short sunflower, ruxue flower, corn poppy';
buckwheat is planted on the secondary ridge;
the width of the ecological isolation zone is 3 meters, the width of the main ridge is 1.2 meters, the width of the secondary ridge is 0.5 meter, the interval between the two main ridges is 150 meters, and the interval between the two secondary ridges is 75 meters.
The plants growing on the main ridges of this example are different from those in example 2.
Example 4
A farmland structure is different from the embodiment 3 in that the varieties of flowering plants on two adjacent main ridges are arranged in a staggered way, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the flowering plant species on the first main ridge are arranged according to 'low sunflower \ lubing flower \ poppy \ low sunflower \ lubing flower \ poppy',
the flower-showing plant species on the second main ridge are arranged according to Yu Mei \ low sunflower \ Lu Bing Hua \ Yu Mei \ low sunflower \ Lu Bing Hua,
the flower-showing plant species on the third main ridge are arranged according to 'Lubing flower \ Lu Biao \ Low sunflower \ Lu Biao \ Yu Mei \ Low sunflower',
the flower-showing plant species on the fourth main ridge are arranged according to the sequence of 'low sunflower \ lubing flower \ poppy \ low sunflower \ lubing flower \ poppy',
the flower-showing plant species on the fifth main ridge are arranged according to Yu Mei \ low sunflower \ Lu Bing Hua \ Yu Mei \ low sunflower \ Lu Bing.
The rest is the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 1
A farmland structure which, unlike example 1, had only a planting region in the farmland.
Comparative example 2
A farmland structure comprises a planting area, and five main ridges and five secondary ridges which are arranged in the planting area and distributed in a staggered manner, wherein buckwheat is planted on the main ridges and the secondary ridges;
the width of the main ridges is 1.2 meters, the width of the secondary ridges is 0.8 meter, the interval between the two main ridges is 150 meters, and the interval between the two secondary ridges is 75 meters.
Unlike example 2, the farmland structure of this comparative example did not have an ecological isolation zone.
Effect test
Selecting 6 areas with the same soil conditions in a farmland with the same soil planning tidiness, the perfection of a water conservancy irrigation system, the medium soil fertility and the like, respectively reforming the farmland structure according to the examples 1-4 and the comparative examples 1-2, then planting rice in the planting areas, respectively randomly selecting 50-hole rice plants in the 6 test areas, observing the number of weevils and the number of thysanoptera on the rice plants every five days at 7:00-9:00 in the morning for 30 days, and obtaining the statistical results shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the statistical data in Table 1, in examples 1-4, the total amount of the rice weevils on the plants is obviously reduced and the total amount of the thysanoptera is obviously increased after 30 days of planting; in comparative examples 1-2, the total amount of the rice weevil and the total amount of the thysanoptera on the plants were substantially unchanged. Therefore, the farmland structure provided by the invention can effectively control pests, and the pest control effect is not ideal when no ecological isolation zone is arranged at the periphery of the planting area or only the ridge planted with flowering plants is arranged in the planting area.
Further analysis shows that the percentage of the total reduction of the weevil on the plants in the example 2 is higher than that in the example 1, which shows that the effect of pest control can be further enhanced by arranging ridges in the planting areas; example 3 the percentage of the total reduction of the weevil on the plants is higher than that in example 2, which shows that the effect of pest control can be further enhanced by planting various flowering plants on the main ridges and adopting an alternate arrangement planting mode; the percentage of the total reduction of the rice weevils on the plants in example 4 is higher than that in example 3, which shows that the flowering plant varieties on the two adjacent main banks are planted in a staggered arrangement mode, and the pest control effect can be further enhanced.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
Claims (12)
1. A farmland structure is characterized by comprising a planting area and an ecological isolation zone arranged at the periphery of the planting area, wherein the ecological isolation zone is planted with flowering plants capable of attracting natural enemies of pests;
the width of the ecological isolation belt is not less than 3 m;
at least one ridge is arranged in the planting area, and flowering plants capable of attracting natural enemies of pests are planted on the ridge;
at least one main ridge and at least one secondary ridge are arranged in the planting area, and the main ridge and the secondary ridges are distributed in a staggered mode;
at least two flowering plants are planted in the main ridge, and the at least two flowering plants are alternately arranged; at least one flower-showing plant is planted in the secondary ridge; the varieties of the flowering plants in the main ridge are different from those of the flowering plants in the secondary ridge;
the varieties of the flowering plants on the two adjacent main banks are arranged in a staggered mode.
2. A farmland structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the width of the main banks is 1-1.2 m.
3. A farmland structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein said secondary ridges have a width of 0.5-0.8 m.
4. The field structure of claim 1 wherein the spacing between the two main banks is 100-200 meters.
5. The field structure of claim 4 wherein the spacing between the two main banks is 145-155 m.
6. A farmland structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spacing between the two secondary banks is 60-90 m.
7. A farmland structure as claimed in claim 6, wherein the spacing between the two secondary banks is between 70 and 75 metres.
8. The field structure of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the flowering plants comprise long-cycle flowering plants.
9. The agricultural field structure of claim 8, wherein the flowering plants include any one or more of buckwheat, zinnia, sunflower, rubidate, and corn poppy.
10. The field structure of claim 1, wherein any one or more of rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, cane shoots, cotton and soybeans are planted in said planting area.
11. A farmland structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein said pests include any one or more of aphids, chilo suppressalis, tryporyza incertulas, rice planthoppers, rice weevils, leaf miners and rice leaf rollers.
12. A method for controlling farmland pests, characterized in that the farmland structure according to any one of claims 1 to 11 is used for controlling farmland pests.
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