CN109437867A - 高炉出铁主沟铝碳化硅质浇注料及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
高炉出铁主沟铝碳化硅质浇注料及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[Si] Chemical compound [AlH3].[Si] KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 73
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 37
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002742 anti-folding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003978 SiClx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003026 anti-oxygenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高炉出铁主沟铝碳化硅质浇注料及其制备方法与应用,该浇注料包括如下质量份的原料:刚玉骨料50~70份,刚玉微粉10~20份,碳化硅12~25份,碳源1~6份,钙质结合剂1~5份,硅抗氧化细粉1~5份,氧化硅微粉1~5份,碳化硼0.1~0.5%,造孔粉剂0.05~0.28份,纤维0.04~0.22份,减水剂0.1~0.4份;所述刚玉骨料的粒度为0.088~12mm,所述刚玉微粉的粒度不大于150目;所述碳化硅分为碳化硅粉料和碳化硅颗粒,二者分别占碳化硅总质量的45~55%,所述碳化硅粉料的粒度≤0.088mm,所述碳化硅颗粒的粒度为0.088~1mm;所述碳源中包含的β碳含量在23%以上。本发明提高了浇注料的高温烧结强度和抗冲刷性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种浇注料,特别是指一种高炉出铁主沟铝碳化硅质浇注料及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
国内近些年新建的大型高炉容积越来越大,相应日出铁量大幅提升至8000~10000吨/日,由此带来的结果是,铁水富氧化以及铁水流速提高,铁沟处于高温铁水环境时间加长,导致对铁沟浇注料的冲刷损毁速度大幅提高,对出铁沟抗冲刷强度要求大幅提高。普通的高炉出铁量在4000~5000吨/日,所采用的铁沟浇注料多以矾土、棕刚玉类作为骨料,铝酸钙水泥为结合剂,辅以抗氧化、促烧结等系列功能性基质部分混合浇注,高温烧结形成陶瓷结构,产生高强度抵抗铁水冲刷。这种铁钩浇注料已经无法满足大型高炉出铁的需求。加之环境保护和安全管理日益严格,要求尽量减少炉前作业量,减少单日出铁次数,延长单次铁沟浇注料的出铁时间,降低拆沟强度易解体,降低作业强度有效完整保存残料,减少资源浪费,这些进一步提高了对铁沟浇注料的要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种耐高温冲刷性能好的高炉出铁主沟铝碳化硅质浇注料及其制备方法与应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明所提供的高炉出铁主沟铝碳化硅质浇注料,包括如下质量份的原料:刚玉骨料50~70份,刚玉微粉10~20份,碳化硅12~25份,碳源1~6份,钙质结合剂1~5份,硅抗氧化细粉1~5份,氧化硅微粉1~5份,碳化硼0.1~0.5%,造孔粉剂0.05~0.28份,纤维0.04~0.22份,减水剂0.1~0.4份;所述刚玉骨料的粒度为0.088~12mm,所述刚玉微粉的粒度不大于150目(即可以通过150目标准筛);所述碳化硅按粒度不同分为碳化硅粉料和碳化硅颗粒,二者分别占碳化硅总质量的45~55%,所述碳化硅粉料的粒度≤0.088mm,所述碳化硅颗粒的粒度为0.088~1mm;所述碳源中包含的β碳含量在23%以上。
优选地,所述刚玉骨料采用Al2O3质量百分含量在95%以上的棕刚玉;所述刚玉微粉中Al2O3的质量百分含量在95%以上,其中活性α-Al2O3的质量百分含量不低于50%,在浇注成型过程中,α-Al2O3可起到促烧结的作用。
优选地,所述刚玉骨料中,C的质量含量≤0.08%,避免形成高温易分解的SiC。
优选地,所述刚玉骨料的粒度分布为:0.088mm≤粒度≤1mm,质量占比6~9%;1mm<粒度≤3mm,质量占比20~28%;3mm<粒度≤5mm,质量占比20~25%;5mm<粒度≤8mm,质量占比12~18%;8mm<粒度≤12mm,质量占比23~30%。
优选地,所述刚玉微粉的粒度分布为:240≤粒度≤150目,质量占比40~50%;粒度≤240目,质量占比50~60%。
优选地,该浇注料采用如下质量份的原料:刚玉骨料58~70份,刚玉微粉10~20份,碳化硅15~25份,碳源1~5份,钙质结合剂1~3份,硅抗氧化细粉1~5份,氧化硅微粉1~5份,碳化硼0.1~0.5份,造孔粉剂0.05~0.28份,纤维0.04~0.22份,减水剂0.1~0.4份。
优选地,所述碳源按质量比包括质量占比33.3~66.7%的球沥青和质量占比33.3~66.7%的β碳含量在70%以上的树脂粉;所述球沥青的粒度为0~2mm;所述树脂粉的粒度≤0.088mm。
优选地,所述碳化硅粉料中Al2O3质量含量≥97%;所述碳化硅颗粒中Al2O3质量含量≥90%;所述钙质结合剂为铝酸钙水泥微粉,其粒度≤2um;所述硅抗氧化细粉的粒度≤0.088mm;所述氧化硅微粉中氧化硅质量含量≥95%,其粒度为240目以下;所述碳化硼粒度为24目以下;所述造孔粉剂采用铝粉,其粒度为180目以下,更优为1000目以下,可以使气孔多而细,保证排气的情况下提高抗冲刷性。
本发明同时提供了前述铝碳化硅质浇注料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:1)将原料中粒度≤0.088mm的粉料进行预混,预混时间≥20秒;2)再加入原料中粒度>0.088mm的颗粒料进行强制搅拌,混合时间≥80秒。
本发明还提供了应用前述铝碳化硅质浇注料浇注高炉出铁主沟的方法,包括如下步骤:将铝碳化硅质浇注料加入搅拌机中,边搅拌边加入重量为浇注料干重3~6%的水,搅拌2分钟以上,浇注到模具与出铁主沟永久层之间,振动成型。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
1)本发明出铁沟主沟浇注料有良好的高温烧结强度,加入的碳源通过其高含量的β碳,加强烧结后的铝碳化硅陶瓷结构,提高其抗冲刷性延长出铁周期,减少高炉倒场次数,降低炉前作业量。通过碳源的引入比例提高可以隔断低熔相,在常温冷态下降低低熔相产生的强度,降低解体难度,保存残厚,避免不必要的资源浪费。同时也提高了抗氧化性,在高炉通过提高通氧加快炼铁速度提高铁水产量时,有较为良好的效果。
2)本发明采用高比例的碳化硅,提高铁沟料整体导热率,使铁沟料能快速烧结且提高韧性,抗氧化性也能得到改善;加入的碳化硼不仅可以提高抗氧化性,且在高温时分解为硼酐,对高温性能有促进作用;
3)本发明优化了颗粒和部分微粉的粒度级配,平衡了施工所需的流动性和高温烧结后抗冲刷所需的强度,降低炉前操作人员的工作量又保证的高通铁量。
4)本发明提高了出铁沟主沟铁线部位的抗氧化性能,在提高高温烧结强度同时降低了铁沟冷态下的强度,使其局部易于解体拆除,减少整块掉落;经实际生产验证,本发明的出铁沟单沟通铁量达到14万吨,在日通铁8500吨/天时,通铁周期达到35天,具有良好的经济效益和环保效益。
具体实施方式
下面以3200m3高炉出铁沟主沟作为应用场景,通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
实施例1~5
本发明所提供的高炉出铁主沟铝碳化硅质浇注料,其原料组分按质量份计为:刚玉骨料50~70份,刚玉微粉10~20份,碳化硅12~25份(包括碳化硅粉料和碳化硅颗粒),碳源1~6份(包含球沥青和树脂粉),钙质结合剂1~5份,硅抗氧化细粉1~5份,氧化硅微粉1~5份,碳化硼0.1~0.5%,造孔粉剂0.05~0.28份,纤维0.04~0.22份,减水剂0.1~0.4份。
各实施例具体配比见下表:
表1各实施例原料组分汇总(单位:质量份)
其中,刚玉骨料和刚玉微粉的纯度为Al2O3质量百分含量≥95%;刚玉骨料采用低碳棕刚玉,其C质量含量≤0.08%,同时活性α-Al2O3的质量百分含量不低于50%。刚玉骨料的粒度分布为:0.088mm≤粒度≤1mm,质量占比6~9%;1mm<粒度≤3mm,质量占比20~28%;3mm<粒度≤5mm,质量占比20~25%;5mm<粒度≤8mm,质量占比12~18%;8mm<粒度≤12mm,质量占比23~30%。刚玉微粉的粒度分布为:240≤粒度≤150目,质量占比40~50%;粒度≤240目,质量占比50~60%。各实施例中,刚玉骨料和刚玉微粉的粒度分布见下表:
表2各实施例刚玉骨料和刚玉微粉的粒度分布(单位:%)
原料及粒度范围 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 |
刚玉骨料 | - | - | - | - | - |
0.88~1mm | 8 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
1~3mm | 25 | 24 | 26 | 27 | 25 |
3~5mm | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 24 |
5~8mm | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 16 |
8~12mm | 27 | 28 | 27 | 25 | 26 |
刚玉微粉 | - | - | - | - | - |
240目以下 | 42 | 42 | 40 | 50 | 45 |
240~150目 | 58 | 58 | 60 | 50 | 55 |
碳化硅按粒度不同分为碳化硅粉料和碳化硅颗粒,二者分别占碳化硅总质量的45~55%,碳化硅粉料的粒度≤0.088mm,碳化硅颗粒的粒度为0.088~1mm。碳化硅粉料中Al2O3质量含量≥97%,碳化硅颗粒中Al2O3质量含量≥90%。
碳源按质量比包括质量占比33.3~66.7%的球沥青和质量占比33.3~66.7%的β碳含量在70%以上的树脂粉;球沥青的粒度为0~2mm;树脂粉的粒度≤0.088mm。
钙质结合剂采用铝酸钙水泥微粉,其粒度≤2um。硅抗氧化细粉的粒度≤0.088mm,碳化硼的粒度为24目以下。氧化硅微粉中SiO2的质量含量≥95%,其粒度为240目以下。造孔粉剂采用铝粉,其粒度为180目以下。纤维采用树脂纤维,减水剂采用FDN或者FS系列混合减水剂。
按表1中组分配比、表2中粒度分布配制浇注料,首先将原料中粒度≤0.088mm的粉料进行预混,预混时间≥20秒,再加入粒度>0.088mm的颗粒料进行强制搅拌,混合时间≥80秒,得到铝碳化硅质浇注料。
现场浇注时将该铝碳化硅质浇注料在搅拌机中边搅拌边加入水(用量见表1),搅拌2分钟以上,浇注到模具与永久层之间,振动成型后进行烘烤。
各实施例配制的主沟浇注料浇注成型后的性能见下表:
表3实施例浇注成型后性能
表3中,耐压强度以及抗折强度均为烧结后冷态下所测数据,耐压强度表示产品整体承受外界压力的能力,抗折强度表示基质与颗粒部分的结合强度,括号中1100℃×3h等表示加热温度×保温时间,中温为1100℃,高温为1450℃。而上述方案中,中温强度(耐压强度和抗折强度)主要取决于其中低熔相冷却后形成玻璃相产生的作用力,但在出铁时铁沟处于1450℃环境下,低熔相熔融形成液相不利于铁沟抵抗铁水冲刷,并且冷却后形成的玻璃相提高了铁沟冷态下的整体强度,为铁沟的拆除增加很多麻烦和成本投入;高温抗折则是反应铁沟抗冲刷的主要因素。
本发明通过对铁沟浇注料粒度级配的研究优化,找到烧结后抗折强度、耐压强度以及流动性的平衡规律,在生产活动中根据实际情况找出较优的平衡点。从表3可以看出,实施例3和实施例4的中温耐压强度明显降低,高温抗折强度有所增加,说明减少了低熔相增加了高温形成的陶瓷结构,有利于抗击铁水的冲刷。加入部分碳源(树脂粉、球沥青)和碳化硼通过分散低熔相同时加强高温烧结后的陶瓷结构和其韧性,增强抗氧化性以适应高炉日益富氧化炼铁的需求,从而进一步提高了抗铁水冲刷的能力并且降低了后期铁沟拆除工作的难度。
综上所述,本发明通过加强高温抗折和耐压强度并减少低熔相的的比例,达到提高抗冲刷性和抗氧化性,提高通铁周期的目的;同时降低了铁沟冷态下强度,便于铁沟后期拆除,降低施工作业难度。
Claims (10)
1.一种高炉出铁主沟铝碳化硅质浇注料,其特征在于:包括如下质量份的原料:刚玉骨料50~70份,刚玉微粉10~20份,碳化硅12~25份,碳源1~6份,钙质结合剂1~5份,硅抗氧化细粉1~5份,氧化硅微粉1~5份,碳化硼0.1~0.5%,造孔粉剂0.05~0.28份,纤维0.04~0.22份,减水剂0.1~0.4份;所述刚玉骨料的粒度为0.088~12mm,所述刚玉微粉的粒度不大于150目;所述碳化硅按粒度不同分为碳化硅粉料和碳化硅颗粒,二者分别占碳化硅总质量的45~55%,所述碳化硅粉料的粒度≤0.088mm,所述碳化硅颗粒的粒度为0.088~1mm;所述碳源中包含的β碳含量在23%以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高炉出铁主沟铝碳化硅质浇注料,其特征在于:所述刚玉骨料采用Al2O3质量百分含量在95%以上的棕刚玉;所述刚玉微粉中Al2O3的质量百分含量在95%以上,其中活性α-Al2O3的质量百分含量不低于50%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高炉出铁主沟铝碳化硅质浇注料,其特征在于:所述刚玉骨料中,C的质量含量≤0.08%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高炉出铁主沟铝碳化硅质浇注料,其特征在于:所述刚玉骨料的粒度分布为:0.088mm≤粒度≤1mm,质量占比6~9%;1mm<粒度≤3mm,质量占比20~28%;3mm<粒度≤5mm,质量占比20~25%;5mm<粒度≤8mm,质量占比12~18%;8mm<粒度≤12mm,质量占比23~30%。
5.根据权利要求2所述的高炉出铁主沟铝碳化硅质浇注料,其特征在于:所述刚玉微粉的粒度分布为:240≤粒度≤150目,质量占比40~50%;粒度≤240目,质量占比50~60%。
6.根据权利要求2~5中任一项所述的高炉出铁主沟铝碳化硅质浇注料,其特征在于:该浇注料采用如下质量份的原料:刚玉骨料58~70份,刚玉微粉10~20份,碳化硅15~25份,碳源1~5份,钙质结合剂1~3份,硅抗氧化细粉1~5份,氧化硅微粉1~5份,碳化硼0.1~0.5份,造孔粉剂0.05~0.28份,纤维0.04~0.22份,减水剂0.1~0.4份。
7.根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的高炉出铁主沟铝碳化硅质浇注料,其特征在于:所述碳源按质量比包括质量占比33.3~66.7%的球沥青和质量占比33.3~66.7%的β碳含量在70%以上的树脂粉;所述球沥青的粒度为0~2mm;所述树脂粉的粒度≤0.088mm。
8.根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的高炉出铁主沟铝碳化硅质浇注料,其特征在于:所述碳化硅粉料中Al2O3质量含量≥97%;所述碳化硅颗粒中Al2O3质量含量≥90%;所述钙质结合剂为铝酸钙水泥微粉,其粒度≤2um;所述硅抗氧化细粉的粒度≤0.088mm;所述氧化硅微粉中氧化硅质量含量≥95%,其粒度为240目以下;所述碳化硼粒度为24目以下;所述造孔粉剂采用铝粉,其粒度为180目以下。
9.一种如权利要求1~8中任一项所述的铝碳化硅质浇注料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:1)将原料中粒度≤0.088mm的粉料进行预混,预混时间≥20秒;2)再加入原料中粒度>0.088mm的颗粒料进行强制搅拌,混合时间≥80秒。
10.一种应用如权利要求1~8中任一项所述的铝碳化硅质浇注料浇注高炉出铁主沟的方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:将铝碳化硅质浇注料加入搅拌机中,边搅拌边加入重量为浇注料干重3~6%的水,搅拌2分钟以上,浇注到模具与出铁主沟永久层之间,振动成型。
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