CN109419833A - 一种降糖活性物质及其制备与应用 - Google Patents
一种降糖活性物质及其制备与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109419833A CN109419833A CN201710759431.XA CN201710759431A CN109419833A CN 109419833 A CN109419833 A CN 109419833A CN 201710759431 A CN201710759431 A CN 201710759431A CN 109419833 A CN109419833 A CN 109419833A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种降糖活性物质，本降糖活性物质经甜叶菊药材提取分离富集后，按活性成分含量配比制成，含有苯乙醇类、黄酮类、酚酸类、甜菊苷类成分，本降糖活性物质具有显著的降血糖功效，可以应用于制备任何降糖药品或具有降糖功效的食品保健食品及其它健康品等。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能活性物质的发现及其制品研发与应用领域，涉及功能活性物质的发现，特别涉及一种具有降血糖作用的功能活性物质及其制备与应用。
背景技术
甜叶菊(Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)属菊科甜菊属多年生草本植物，原产于巴拉圭东北部与巴西接壤的阿曼拜山脉，当地居民把它作为甜药饮用已有一百多年的历史，甜叶菊叶的水浸液治疗糖尿病也是当地皆知的常识。70年代，日本就有用甜叶菊治疗糖尿病。我国学者对甜叶菊治疗糖尿病作用进行试验，结果发现其具有降血糖、尿糖及改善“三多”症状的作用。
文献报道甜叶菊中主要含有甜菊苷类成分，且已被作为甜味剂进行广泛应用。申请人通过研究发现从甜叶菊中发现一种具有降血糖的活性物质，本物质主要由酚酸类、苯乙醇类成分、黄酮类成分、甜菊苷类成分组成，经降血糖药效实验表明具有显著降血糖作用，可为甜叶菊的综合开发利用奠定基础。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种降血糖活性物质，本发明的另一个目的在于提供其制备方法，本发明的第三个目的在于提供其在降糖药品、食品等健康领域中的应用。
本发明的目的是通过如下技术方案实现的：
一种降血糖活性物质，所述的物质含有酚酸类成分、苯乙醇类、黄酮类成分、甜菊苷类成分。本发明所述的降血糖活性物质可由植物、中药、天然药物提取制备或化学合成制备获得；本发明活性物质可由如下1组药用植物及其代用品种，包括其药用部位及非药用部位，药材及其饮片组合制成。
组1甜叶菊(甜叶菊叶、甜叶菊花)及其同属植物。
本发明所述的降糖活性物质制备方法如下：
步骤1：取甜叶菊，溶剂回流提取；
步骤2：分离富集；
步骤3：配比组合。
上述步骤1中，甜叶菊用0～95％乙醇回流提取2～3次，每次提取1～2小时，合并提取液，减压回收溶剂至干，得甜叶菊提取物。
上述步骤2中，将步骤1所得提取物加水分散，以甜叶菊药材计，上样液浓度为0.08～0.25g/ml，通过大孔吸附树脂，上样量以生药量计为与0.10～1.0g/ml，吸附流速为1～9BV/h，树脂柱径高比为1∶3～10，用0～20％乙醇洗脱0.5～4BV进行除杂，弃去，再用5～50％乙醇洗脱1～10BV，洗脱流速为2～9BV/h，收集洗脱液，减压回收溶剂、干燥，得到富集物1；再用51～90％乙醇洗脱1～10BV，收集洗脱液，减压回收溶剂、干燥，得到富集物2.
上述步骤3中，将步骤2所得的富集物1、富集物2根据活性成分含量配比组合。
本降糖活性物质中含有酚酸类、苯乙醇类、黄酮类、甜菊苷类成分，其中酚酸类成分异绿原酸A含量为0.01～50％，苯乙醇类成分2-(4-羟基苯基)乙基-β-D-巢菜糖苷含量为0.01～30％，黄酮类成分木犀草苷含量为0.01～20％。
以上所得降糖活性物质，可单独或组方应用于药物制品中，加入常规辅料，按常规的制剂工艺制成药剂学可接受的任意常规剂型，包括胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、口服液体制剂、注射剂、颗粒剂、凝胶剂、缓释剂等。
上述降糖活性物质，可单独或组方应用于食品、健康功能食品、保健食品等健康制品中，加入常规辅料，食料，香料，调料等，或作为添加物制备任意常规食品形式，或相关可接受的任意常规剂型，包括胶囊剂、片剂、颗粒剂、凝胶剂、缓释剂、口服液等。
上述降糖活性物质，可作为添加剂或辅料，加至食品、饮料及其他制品中，制成可接受的任意常规制品。
以下对本发明的原理和特征进行描述，所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实验例 甜叶菊降糖活性物质降血糖活性研究
1实验材料
1.1药物与试剂
甜叶菊降糖活性物质：由甜叶菊提取制备，即本专利所述降糖活性物质，褐色粉末。
四氧嘧啶：购自SIGMA公司，批号：100956780，淡粉色粉末状。
葡萄糖：广西梧州制药，批号：100806。
盐酸二甲双胍：中美上海施贵宝制药有限公司，国药准字H20023370，批号：1107077。
1.2动物
ICR小鼠，SPF级，雌雄各半，体重18～22g，由维通利华实验动物技术有限公司提供，许可证号：SCXK(京)2006-0009
饲料购自北京科澳协力公司，每天喂食1次。
1.3仪器
血糖测试仪：美国强生稳豪型：OneTouchUltra，
血糖试纸：强生稳豪型血糖试纸OneTouchUltra，
2试验方法
2.1对四氧嘧啶所致糖尿病小鼠模型的影响
造模：ICR小鼠80只，雌雄各半，初始体重18～22g，适应性喂养2天。禁食(不禁水)12h后，尾静脉注射四氧嘧啶70mg/kg，72小时后尾部取血，用血糖仪测禁食不禁水6～12h后的空腹血糖值，筛选空腹血糖＞11.1mmol/L的小鼠100只作为糖尿病模型小鼠。
分组：将糖尿病模型小鼠按血糖值随机分为5组：①甜叶菊降糖活性物质高剂量组(960mg/kg)，②甜叶菊降糖活性物质低剂量组(240mg/kg)，③模型对照组，④二甲双胍对照组200mg/kg，⑤正常对照组白苷高剂量组(960mg/kg)，每组不少于10只动物，雌雄各半。按10ml/kg灌胃给药，每天1次，连续给药21天。
指标测定：(1)食量和饮水量测定：给药期间，每天称体重，每周测食量和饮水量。(2)糖耐量测定：给药第21天，禁食不禁水6～12h，取血测定血糖作为服糖前的血糖值，立即灌胃葡萄糖2.5g/kg，测定给糖后1小时，2小时及3小时的血糖值。
统计方法：对各试验组测定血糖值取均值，采用SAS软件对上述结果进行组间Student’t检验判定显著性差异。
3结果
3.1对四氧嘧啶所致糖尿病小鼠模型的影响
造模后，试验各组小鼠血糖值与正常对照比较，均有显著性的升高，表明四氧嘧啶造成的糖尿病模型成功。
糖尿病小鼠给予试药治疗后，血糖值有逐步下降趋势，给药21天后，以酚类试药组，在剂量240-960mg/kg时血糖值显著性差异明显，与模型对照组比较有生物学统计意义，且尤其以酚类高剂量组，与其他试药组药效对比，有显著性差异；相同实验条件下，阳性对照药二甲双胍也显示出显著性的降糖作用，表明酚类试药组对四氧嘧啶造成的胰岛β细胞损伤而引起的实验性高血糖具有降糖作用。结果见表1。
糖耐量试验结果如表2，二甲双胍有效地抑制了葡萄糖灌胃后血糖的升高(P＜0.001)，酚类组在2小时及3小时血糖水平出现了显著性下降，表明试药能显著抑制葡萄糖负荷糖尿病小鼠的血糖值升高，具有显著的降糖作用。
表1 试药对糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响
注：给药组与模型组比较：*P＜0.05，**P＜0.01；
模型与对照组比较：#P＜0.05，##P＜0.01；
表2 各试药组对葡萄糖负荷小鼠糖耐量的影响
注：给药组与模型组比较：*P＜0.05，**P＜0.01；
模型与对照组比较：#P＜0.05，##P＜0.01
含有本发明提出的提取物的制剂可根据本领域公知的方法制备。可将本发明提出的提取物与一种或多种固体或液体药物赋形剂和/或辅料结合，制成可作为人药或兽药使用的适当的施用形式或剂量形式。
含有本发明提出的提取物的制剂，可以单位剂量形式给药，给药途径可为肠道或非肠道，如口服、肌肉、鼻腔、口腔粘膜、皮肤、透皮、皮下、皮内、腹膜、直肠等。给药剂型可以是液体剂型、固体剂型，如液体剂型可以是真溶液剂型、胶体溶液剂型、微粒剂型、乳剂剂型、混悬剂型。液体剂型形式可以是糖浆剂、酒剂、注射溶液、非水溶液、悬浮液或乳液等；固体剂型例如片剂、锭剂、胶囊、滴丸剂、丸剂、颗粒剂、粉剂、霜剂、栓剂、散剂、膏剂等。
含有本发明提出的提取物的制剂，可以是普通制剂，也可以是缓释制剂、控释制剂、靶向制剂及各种微粒给药系统等。
为了将单位给药剂型制成片剂，可以广泛使用本领域公知的各种载体。关于载体的例子包括，赋形剂如碳酸钙、乳糖、磷酸钙、磷酸钠；稀释剂与吸收剂如淀粉、糊精、硫酸钙、乳糖、甘露醇、蔗糖、氯化钠、葡萄糖、尿素、碳酸钙、白陶土、微晶纤维素、硅酸铝、葡聚糖、胶态二氧化硅、阿拉伯胶、明胶、三硅酸镁、角蛋白等；湿润剂与粘合剂如水、甘油、聚乙二醇、乙醇、丙醇、淀粉浆、糊精、糖浆、蜂蜜、葡萄糖溶液、阿拉伯胶浆、明胶浆、羧甲基纤维素钠、紫胶、甲基纤维素、磷酸钾、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等；崩解剂如干燥淀粉、海藻酸钠、琼脂粉、褐藻淀粉、碳酸氢钠与枸橼酸、碳酸钙、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、十二烷基磺酸钠、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素等；崩解抑制剂如蔗糖、三硬脂酸甘油酯、可可酯、氢化植物油等；吸收促进剂如季铵盐、十二烷基硫酸钠等；润滑剂如滑石粉、三乙胺硬脂酸镁、三乙胺硬脂酸、二氧化硅、玉米淀粉、硬脂酸盐、硼酸、液体石蜡、聚乙二醇等。还可以将片剂进一步制成包衣片，如糖包衣片、薄膜包衣片、肠溶包衣片，或双层片和多层片等。
为了将单位给药剂型制成丸剂，可以广泛使用本领域公知的各种载体。关于载体的例子是，例如稀释剂与吸收剂，如葡萄糖、乳糖、淀粉、可可酯、氢化植物油、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、高岭土、滑石粉等；粘合剂如阿拉伯胶、黄耆胶、明胶、乙醇、蜂蜜、米糊或面糊等；崩解剂如琼脂粉、干燥淀粉、海藻酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素等。
为了将单位给药剂型制成胶囊，可将本发明提出的提取物与上述各种载体混合，并将由此得到的混合物置于硬明胶胶囊或软胶囊中。也可将本发明提出的提取物制成微囊剂，混悬于水性介质中形成混悬剂，亦可装入硬胶囊中或制成注射剂应用。
为了将单位给药剂型制成口服液体制剂，如乳液、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆等，可根据需要任选添加剂如着色剂、防腐剂、乳化剂、悬浮剂、矫味剂(如薄荷、冬青油等)、甜味剂(如蔗糖、乳糖等)或其他材料。
为了将单位给药剂型制成注射用含水或非水制剂，如溶液剂、混悬型溶液剂、乳剂、冻干粉针剂，可含一种和/或多种药效学上可接受的载体，如稀释剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、润滑剂、防腐剂、表面活性剂或分散剂，以及常规的助溶剂、缓冲剂、pH调节剂等。稀释剂可选自水、乙醇、聚乙二醇、1，3-丙二醇、乙氧基化的异硬脂醇、多氧化的异硬脂醇、植物油(如橄榄油、玉米油等)、明胶、可注射用有机酯(如油酸乙酯、脂肪酸酯等)、聚氧乙烯山梨醇等。为了制备等渗注射剂，还可以添加适量的氯化钠、葡萄糖或甘油。
具体实施方式
实施例1：一种降糖活性物质制备工艺
取干燥甜叶菊1Kg，剪成1cm小段，加14倍量50％乙醇回流提取3次，每次提取1小时，合并提取液，回收乙醇，减压浓缩至一定体积，使溶液浓度为0.125g/mL(以生药量计)作为上样液，上样液通过7L已处理的AB-8型大孔树脂树脂柱，吸附流速3BV/h，树脂柱径高比为1∶6，上样量为0.14g/mL(以生药材量计)，水洗1倍树脂体积，弃去；用25％乙醇洗脱8倍树脂体积，洗脱流速是2BV/h，收集25％乙醇洗脱液，减压回收溶剂，减压干燥，得富集物1；用60％乙醇洗脱3BV，得富集物2；将富集物1和富集物2按活性成分含量配比组合，即得本发明降糖活性物质。
经HPLC测定，该降糖活性物质中苯乙醇苷类成分2-(4-羟基苯基)乙基-β-D-巢菜糖苷含量为1％，酚酸类成分异绿原酸A含量为15％，黄酮类成分木犀草苷含量为3％。
实施例2：一种降糖活性物质制备工艺
取干燥甜叶菊1Kg，剪成1cm小段，加14倍量50％乙醇回流提取3次，每次提取1.5小时，合并提取液，减压回收乙醇，减压浓缩干燥，即得本发明降糖活性物质。
经HPLC测定，该降糖活性物质中苯乙醇苷类成分2-(4-羟基苯基)乙基-β-D-巢菜糖苷含量为0.5％，酚酸类成分异绿原酸A含量为1％，黄酮类成分木犀草苷含量为0.5％。
实施例3：一种降糖活性物质制备工艺
取干燥甜叶菊1Kg，剪成1cm小段，加15倍量70％乙醇回流提取2次，每次提取2小时，合并提取液，回收乙醇，减压浓缩至一定体积，使溶液浓度为0.15g/mL(以生药量计)作为上样液，上样液通过4L已处理的AB-8型大孔树脂树脂柱，吸附流速8BV/h，树脂柱径高比为1∶7，上样量为0.25g/mL(以生药材量计)，10％乙醇洗脱2倍树脂体积，除杂流速为4BV/h，50％乙醇洗脱8倍树脂体积，洗脱流速是5BV/h，收集50％乙醇洗脱液，回收溶剂，减压干燥，得富集物1；再用70％乙醇洗脱，收集洗脱液，回收溶剂，减压干燥，得富集物2；将富集物1和富集物2按活性成分含量配比组合，即得本发明降糖活性物质。
经HPLC测定，该降糖活性物质中苯乙醇苷类成分2-(4-羟基苯基)乙基-β-D-巢菜糖苷含量为1％，酚酸类成分异绿原酸A含量为15％，黄酮类成分木犀草苷含量为3％。
实施例4：一种降糖活性物质制备工艺
取干燥甜叶菊1Kg，剪成1cm小段，加14倍量50％乙醇回流提取3次，每次提取1小时，合并提取液，回收乙醇，减压浓缩至一定体积，使溶液浓度为0.125g/mL(以生药量计)作为上样液，上样液通过7L已处理的AB-8型大孔树脂树脂柱，吸附流速3BV/h，树脂柱径高比为1∶6，上样量为0.14g/mL(以生药材量计)，水洗1倍树脂体积，弃去；用25％乙醇洗脱8倍树脂体积，洗脱流速是2BV/h，收集25％乙醇洗脱液，减压回收溶剂，减压干燥，得本发明降糖活性物质。
经HPLC测定，该降糖活性物质中苯乙醇苷类成分2-(4-羟基苯基)乙基-β-D-巢菜糖苷含量为1％，酚酸类成分异绿原酸A含量为15％，黄酮类成分木犀草苷含量为3％。
实施例5：一种降糖活性物质制备工艺
取干燥甜叶菊1Kg，剪成1cm小段，加12倍量50％乙醇回流提取3次，每次提取2小时，合并提取液，回收乙醇，减压浓缩至一定体积，使溶液浓度为0.20g/mL(以生药量计)作为上样液，上样液通过5L已处理的AB-8型大孔树脂树脂柱，吸附流速3BV/h，树脂柱径高比为1∶6，上样量为0.20g/mL(以生药材量计)，20％洗脱1倍树脂体积，除杂流速为3BV/h，30％乙醇洗脱6倍树脂体积，洗脱流速是3BV/h，收集30％乙醇洗脱液，回收溶剂，减压干燥，即得本发明降糖活性物质。
经HPLC测定，该降糖活性物质中苯乙醇苷类成分2-(4-羟基苯基)乙基-β-D-巢菜糖苷含量为1％，酚酸类成分异绿原酸A含量为15％，黄酮类成分木犀草苷含量为3％。
实施例6：一种降糖活性物质制备工艺
取干燥甜叶菊1Kg，剪成1cm小段，加12倍量50％甲醇回流提取3次，每次提取2小时，合并提取液，回收乙醇，减压浓缩至一定体积，使溶液浓度为0.20g/mL(以生药量计)作为上样液，上样液通过5L已处理的聚酰胺树脂柱，吸附流速4BV/h，树脂柱径高比为1∶6，上样量为0.20g/mL(以生药材量计)，20％洗脱1倍树脂体积，除杂流速为3BV/h，30％乙醇洗脱6倍树脂体积，洗脱流速是3BV/h，收集30％乙醇洗脱液，回收溶剂，减压干燥，得组分1；再用70％乙醇洗脱，收集洗脱液，回收溶剂，减压干燥，得组分2；将组分1和组分2按活性成分含量配比组合，即得本发明降糖活性物质。
经HPLC测定，该降糖活性物质中苯乙醇苷类成分2-(4-羟基苯基)乙基-β-D-巢菜糖苷含量为1％，酚酸类成分异绿原酸A含量为15％，黄酮类成分木犀草苷含量为3％。
实施例7：一种降糖活性物质胶囊剂的制备
取本降糖活性物质200g，粉碎，过80目筛，与微晶纤维素100g混合均匀，以95％乙醇制粒，干燥，以20目筛整粒，灌装胶囊。
实施例8：一种降糖活性物质片剂的制备
取本降糖活性物质50g，粉碎，过80目筛，与微晶纤维素70g、羧甲基淀粉钠5g混合均匀，以5％PVP制粒，干燥，以20目筛整粒，加入硬脂酸镁2g，压片。
实施例9：一种降糖活性物质滴丸剂的制备
取本降糖活性物质60g，粉碎，过80目筛，混合均匀，投入180g加热熔融的聚乙二醇6000中，搅拌至溶解，转移至贮液瓶中，密闭并保温在80～90℃，调节滴丸机液滴定量阀门，由上往下滴入10～15℃的液体石蜡中，将形成的滴丸沥干并擦除液体石蜡，干燥。
实施例10：一种降糖活性物质口服液的制备
取本降糖活性物质70g，粉碎，过80目筛，混合均匀，与蜂蜜1000g、蔗糖200g、苯甲酸钠10g及蒸馏水2000ml混合，加热至85～90℃，搅拌使溶解，保温30min，滤过，滤液加水稀释至4000ml，搅拌均匀，灌封，灭菌。
实施例11：一种降糖活性物质注射液的制备
取本降糖活性物质100g，加注射用水适量使溶解，加配置量的0.02％的活性炭搅拌5～10min，滤过，滤液稀释至10L左右，加氯化钠调节渗透压至等渗，调节pH7.5～8.0，超滤，灌封，100℃灭菌30min。
实施例11、2：一种降糖活性物质粉针剂的制备
取本降糖活性物质100g，加注射用水及稀氢氧化钠适量使溶解，加配置量的0.02％的活性炭搅拌5～10min，滤过，滤液稀释至1L，调节pH6.5～7.8，超滤，喷雾干燥，干粉无菌分装。每支100mg，临用前加注射用水适量使溶解，用氯化钠输液250～500ml稀释后缓慢静脉滴注。
实施例13：一种降糖活性物质饮料的制备
取本降糖活性物质100g，加至合适的饮料中，使之全部溶解。
实施例14：一种降糖活性提取物复方制剂
本降糖活性物质提取物 100g
银杏提取物 100g
上述组分混合均匀，装入硬明胶胶囊中，共2000粒胶囊。
实施例15：一种降糖活性物质组合物复方制剂
本降糖活性物质组合物 50g
银杏提取物 100g
上述组分混合均匀，装入硬明胶胶囊中，共2000粒胶囊。
实施例16：一种降糖活性物质复方制剂
本降糖活性物质富集物 50g
银杏提取物 100g
上述组分混合均匀，装入硬明胶胶囊中，共2000粒胶囊。
Claims (10)
1.一种降糖活性物质，其特征在于本物质主要含有酚酸类、苯乙醇类、黄酮类及甜菊苷类等成分。
2.如权利要求所述的降糖活性物质，其特征在于本降糖活性物质可由以下步骤制得：
步骤1：选取本发明功效物质，可由如下1组药用植物及其代用品种，包括其药用部位及非药用部位，药材及其饮片组合制成；
组1甜叶菊(甜叶菊叶、甜叶菊花)及其同属植物
步骤2：提取；
步骤3：分离富集；
步骤4：配比组合。
3.如权利要求1所述的降糖活性物质，其特征在于按步骤1选取原料，按步骤2进行制备。即甜叶菊药材用0～95％乙醇回流提取2～3次，每次提取1～2小时，合并提取液，减压回收溶剂至干，制得甜叶菊提取物。
4.如权利要求1所述的降糖活性物质，其特征在于按步骤3，将提取物加水分散，以甜叶菊药材计，上样液浓度为0.08～0.25g/ml，通过大孔吸附树脂或其它色谱柱，上样量以生药量计为0.10～1.0g/ml，吸附流速为1～9BV/h，树脂柱径高比为1∶3～10，用0～20％乙醇洗脱0.5～4BV进行除杂，弃去，再用5～50％乙醇洗脱1～10BV，洗脱流速为2～9BV/h，收集稀醇洗脱液，减压回收溶剂、干燥，得到富集物1；再用51～90％乙醇洗脱1～10BV，收集洗脱液，减压回收溶剂、干燥，得到富集物2。
5.如权利要求1所述的降糖活性物质，其特征在于步骤4中，将步骤3所得的富集物1和富集物2根据活性成分含量进行配比组合，得到组合物。
6.如权利要求1所述的降糖活性物质，其特征在于可经化学合成或结构修饰，生物合成或生物转化等途径获得。
7.如权利要求1～6所述的降糖活性物质，其特征在于本降糖活性物质中酚酸类成分异绿原酸A含量为0.01～50％，苯乙醇类成分2-(4-羟基苯基)乙基-β-D-巢菜糖苷含量为0.01～30％，黄酮类成分木犀草苷含量为0.01～20％。
8.如权利要求1～7任一所述的降糖活性物质，其特征在于可单用或组方应用，加入本领域公知的各种药用辅料，按常规的制剂工艺制成药剂学可接受的任意常规剂型，包括胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、口服液体制剂、注射剂、颗粒剂、凝胶剂、缓释剂；也可制成长效和缓释制剂、控释制剂、靶向制剂等其他传输系统给药制剂。所制得药剂可作为人药、兽药、植物用药使用。
9.如权利要求1～7任一所述的降糖活性物质，其特征在于可单用或组方应用，加入公知的食品添加剂如防腐剂、抗氧化剂剂、着色剂、增稠剂和稳定剂、膨松剂、甜味剂、酸度剂、增白剂、香料等制成具有健康活性功效的食品、保健食品或其它健康品。
10.如权利要求1～7任一所述的降糖活性物质在制备任何降血糖与防治糖尿病制品中的应用。
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