CN109396636A - A kind of laser coaxial heat is to auxiliary double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding method - Google Patents
A kind of laser coaxial heat is to auxiliary double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109396636A CN109396636A CN201811239784.8A CN201811239784A CN109396636A CN 109396636 A CN109396636 A CN 109396636A CN 201811239784 A CN201811239784 A CN 201811239784A CN 109396636 A CN109396636 A CN 109396636A
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- laser
- shaft shoulder
- friction stir
- stirring tool
- stir welding
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of laser coaxial heat is to auxiliary double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding method, it is welded using hollow spindle connection stirring tool, main includes coaxial heat to secondary laser beams, double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding tools, welding base metal, and the friction stir welding tools include at least mixing needle, the upper shaft shoulder, the lower shaft shoulder, hollow cavity, laser and heat aperture；When welding, the stirring tool rotates and enters base material to be moved forward along weld seam, base material is between the upper shaft shoulder and the lower shaft shoulder, stirring tool is heated using the laser heating aperture that coaxial laser beam squeezes into hollow cavity, mixing needle transfers its energy to welding material by heat transfer by absorbing laser energy, under stirring tool mechanical stirring and the combined influence of heat effect, metal is set to reach mecystasis, stirring tool is mobile and upset, realization are welded.Welding method of the present invention uses aclinal welding technique, by adjusting the defocusing amount of laser head, adjusts hot spot, and then adjust the hot booster action size of stirring weldering.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to welding fields, and in particular to a kind of laser coaxial heat to auxiliary double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding method.
Background technique
As a kind of solid phase connecting method, agitating friction soldering set has without welding filling material, heat input, welding deformation
The advantages that small, welding quality stable, connector defect are few, mechanical property is good, this method has wide range of applications, including aluminium, magnesium, copper close
The nonferrous materials that gold, aluminum matrix composite and conventional fused weldering are difficult to solder to, or even it is applicable to the weldering of dissimilar metal
It connects.
Big for thick plates single shaft shoulder agitating friction weldering temperature gradient, weld metal zone tissue morphology is compared with performance difference
Greatly；Root of weld welding effect is bad, easily there is the defects of lack of penetration and weak binding.At present often using single shaft in industrial production
Shoulder two-sided welding method, however two-sided welding expends time cost and greatly increases, and seriously limits the production of agitating friction welding technology
Efficiency.Double-shaft shoulder technology stirring tool has upper and lower two shaft shoulders, and two shaft shoulders are connected together by same mixing needle, welded
The connection to material, compared with uniaxial shoulder agitating friction welding technology, twin shaft are completed by the self-holding effect of stirring tool in journey
Shoulder agitating friction welding technology is a kind of complete penetraction and fusion in welding technology, greatly improves production efficiency.Double-shaft shoulder agitating friction welds soldering appliance
Biggish advance drag is born when welding, it occur frequently that stirring tool stress serious wear, the case where even fractureing.Meanwhile being
The mobility of material when increasing welding improves welding quality, especially poor fluidity material, requires stringent occasion to weld width
Deng agitating friction weldering when must improve local heat input, so that adjacent material is entered mecystasis, when using improve the speed of mainshaft
, will be very unfavorable to machine spindle dynamic balancing come when improving heat input, lead to stir welding process stability being difficult to ensure, and
The revolving speed and receiving maximum load parameter of electro spindle mutually limit, and increase electro spindle load design and parameter selection difficulty.
Auxiliary thermal source agitating friction welding technology is by by the integrated of other heat sources and agitating friction welding heat source, to weld
Heat input outside journey supplementary quota promotes appearance of weld, improves welding quality etc. to reach the mobility for improving welding material
Purpose.While auxiliary thermal source agitating friction is welded in and is effectively improved material flowability, elimination connects defect, welding can be significantly reduced
Power improves the stirring tool service life.Compared to paraxonic mode, coaxial auxiliary thermal source mode improves degree of coupling, and heat controls more
To be accurate, heat input utilization efficiency is high；Auxiliary thermal source energy participates directly in appearance of weld, more efficiently facilitates stirring region material
Stream is moved and Plastic Forming, is conducive to the elimination of welding defect；Heat coaxially inputs and is transferred to welding material, reduces routine
FSW requires high rigidity, the high load of equipment, increases agitating friction weldering to the adaptability of material and structure, craft flexibility is big
It is big to improve.It selects laser as auxiliary thermal source, has many advantages, such as that suitable material range is wide, the thermal efficiency is high, laser energy density height,
Heat is concentrated；Spot diameter size is controllable, and heating region and range accurately control；It is transmitted using optical fiber, has highly flexible
And flexibility, it is easily operated.
In conclusion using laser energy as coaxial auxiliary heating source for heating Beater operator during the weldering of double-shaft shoulder agitating friction
Tool can be made up agitating friction weldering heat production deficiency, be reduced shaft shoulder size, reduced by stirring tool heat transfer indirect heating workpiece
Power needed for welding, improves speed of welding.Needle portion can be directly heated using coaxial manner simultaneously, control the region of heating,
Reduce the heat affected area of welding.Laser coaxial heat to auxiliary double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding method is that non-ferrous metal high quality is welded entirely
Welding provides a kind of feasible technical solution thoroughly.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of laser coaxial heat to auxiliary double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding method.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: a kind of laser coaxial heat to auxiliary double-shaft shoulder agitating friction weldering side
Method is welded using hollow spindle connection stirring tool, and main includes coaxial hot to secondary laser beams, double-shaft shoulder agitating friction
Welding tool, welding base metal, the friction stir welding tools include at least mixing needle, the upper shaft shoulder, the lower shaft shoulder, hollow cavity, laser
Heat aperture.When welding, the stirring tool rotate and enter base material along welding direction move forward, base material be in the upper shaft shoulder with
Between the lower shaft shoulder, stirring tool is heated using the laser heating aperture that coaxial laser beam squeezes into hollow cavity, mixing needle
By absorbing laser energy, and welding material is transferred its energy to by heat transfer, in stirring tool mechanical stirring and heat effect
Combined influence under, so that metal is reached mecystasis, stirring tool is mobile and upset, realizes welding.
Preferably, the base material to be welded can be multiple using the non-ferrous metals such as aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, copper alloy and aluminium base
Condensation material can also be implemented to weld to dissimilar material.
Preferably, the type of cooling can be by designing stirring tool appearance profile of different shapes, and outside is applied
Compressed air and the method for water mist cooling is added to be cooled down.Or stirring tool is carried out by design internal water cooling runner cold
But.
Swash preferably, the laser source that the laser beam uses includes at least Solid State Laser, optical-fiber laser, disc type solid
Light, Nd:YAG laser are one such.
Preferably, when the laser beam heats mixing needle by the hollow cavity of soldering appliance, the laser
Shu Jiare includes at least focusing, positive out of focus or negative defocus mode and carries out, and diameter is 0.1-0.2mm after the laser focuses.
Preferably, when the laser beam heats mixing needle by the hollow cavity of soldering appliance, the cavity
Interior filling protective gas, such as argon gas, helium.
Preferably, the shaft shoulder and mixing needle using materials with high melting point manufacture, the materials with high melting point include at least tungsten,
Molybdenum and its alloy, hot die steel are one such.
Preferably, the main shaft and stirring tool hollow cavity are equipped with the cavity for being suitble to laser beam to pass through, the stirring
Needle hollow cavity end is equipped with aperture, and inner wall is arc, increases diffusing reflection of the part to laser, described to improve heating efficiency
Hole diameter is less than mixing needle diameter.
Preferably, the double-shaft shoulder stirring tool can be integral type, or it is split type, wherein split type stirring
Tool fastens the lower shaft shoulder by bolt.
Preferably, coaxial heat to the auxiliary laser heats, laser beam can be allowed to pass through hollow main shaft and hollow stirrer
Tool is heated by the hollow upper shaft shoulder from injecting above, can also be injected below stirring tool pass through the hollow lower shaft shoulder into
Row heating.
The purpose of the present invention is to solve single shaft shoulder stirrings present in the weldering of existing agitating friction to weld incomplete penetration defect, double
The shaft shoulder stirs that welding tool serious wear, fracture problem, provides a kind of coaxial heat of new pattern laser to auxiliary double-shaft shoulder agitating friction weldering
Method.The welding method suitable material is in extensive range, and welding quality is good, the solid phase suitable for non-ferrous metals such as aluminium, magnesium, copper alloys
Connection and dissimilar metal connection procedure.
In the welding process, it using coaxial auxiliary heating method, focuses laser beam and enters stirring center of pin micropore inner cavity, spoke
It impinges upon on mixing needle aperture internal chamber wall, welding thickness direction is heated in various degree.Since stirring pin inner chamber aperture has
Deep and narrow geometrical characteristic can be in hole inner wall multiple reflections, until most of energy is absorbed by material after laser beam enters aperture
It is converted into thermal energy, achievees the effect that Proximate blackbody.It therefore, can be by most of laser irradiation energy instantaneous conversion using this kind of mode
For thermal energy, solves the problems, such as energy coupling efficiency；Secondly, the coupled modes of this laser heat source, in moment by energy height collection
In luminous energy, be converted to the thermal energy that same energy height is concentrated, show as great temperature gradient, is i.e. mixing needle tiny area
Localized hyperthermia, and the shaft shoulder and other regional temperatures are lower, and this temperature field can be by adjusting laser output waveform (power width
Value, pulse etc.) and positive and negative defocusing amount carry out accuracy controlling, solve the accurate control problem of energy input.
The principle of the present invention is: the laser coaxial heat of the present invention is simple to auxiliary double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding method structure,
Using aclinal formula welding method, welded using hollow spindle connection double-shaft shoulder stirring tool, mainly extremely including coaxial heat
Secondary laser beams, double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding tools, welding base metal, the friction stir welding tools include at least mixing needle, on
The shaft shoulder, the lower shaft shoulder, hollow cavity, laser heat aperture.When welding, the stirring tool rotates and enters base material along welding direction
It moves forward, base material is between the upper shaft shoulder and the lower shaft shoulder, heats aperture using the laser that coaxial laser beam squeezes into hollow cavity
Stirring tool is heated, mixing needle transfers its energy to welding material by heat transfer by absorbing laser energy.It is main
Axis drives stirring tool with rotation speed ω rotation, and is moved with speed of welding v along welding track, laser head coaxial-type indirect thermal
It is heated to auxiliary, while stirring tool moves forward, in mechanical agitation and heat effect (frictional heat and plastic deformation heat production)
Combined influence under, so that welded seam area metal is reached mecystasis, with realize welding.
Detailed description of the invention
The hollow laser coaxial heat of a kind of upper shaft shoulder to the auxiliary double-shaft shoulder stirring that Fig. 1 show one embodiment of the invention rubs
Wipe soldering method integral type stirring tool.
The hollow laser coaxial heat of a kind of upper shaft shoulder to the auxiliary double-shaft shoulder stirring that Fig. 2 show one embodiment of the invention rubs
It wipes the split type stirring tool of soldering method and welds schematic diagram.
The hollow laser coaxial heat of a kind of lower shaft shoulder to the auxiliary double-shaft shoulder stirring that Fig. 3 show one embodiment of the invention rubs
Wipe soldering method integral type stirring tool.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the foregoing objectives, features and advantages of the present invention clearer and more comprehensible, with reference to the accompanying drawing and specific real
Applying mode, the present invention is described in further detail.
Specific embodiment 1: Fig. 1 show a kind of hollow laser coaxial heat of upper shaft shoulder of one embodiment of the invention extremely
Double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding method is assisted, main includes coaxial hot to secondary laser beams 1, double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding tools 2, weldering
Base material 6 is connect, using integral type stirring tool 2, is added including at least mixing needle 8, the upper shaft shoulder 4, the lower shaft shoulder 7, hollow cavity 3, laser
Hot aperture 4.Laser beam 1 is coaxial incident from the stirring tool hollow cavity 3 of top, passes through the upper shaft shoulder 4, entering tool aperture 5
In, inner wall is arc, increases diffusing reflection of the part to laser, provides auxiliary thermal energy to improve heating efficiency, leads to inertia in inner cavity
Protective gas, such as helium.It is welded using hollow spindle connection stirring tool 2, stirring tool 2 is inserted into 6 high speed of welding base metal
Rotate (rotational speed omega) and along bead direction with speed of welding v advance, base material is between the upper shaft shoulder 4 and the lower shaft shoulder 5, stirring tool
2 energy provided by absorbing coaxial laser beam 1, and welding base metal 6 is transferred its energy to by heat transfer, it is defeated to improve localized heat
Enter.Welding base metal 6 makes metal reach mecystasis, Beater operator under 2 mechanical stirring of stirring tool and the combined influence of heat effect
Tool 2 moves forward, the extruding by the shaft shoulder to material, realizes welding.
Specific embodiment 2: present embodiment is further limiting to embodiment one, it is to be welded in present embodiment
Base material 6 can be using non-ferrous metals and aluminum matrix composites such as aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, copper alloys, can also be to dissimilar material
Implement welding.It is other identical as embodiment one.
Specific embodiment 3: present embodiment is further limiting to embodiment one, it can be in present embodiment
By designing 2 appearance profile of stirring tool of different shapes, and the external method progress for applying compressed air and water mist cooling
It is cooling.Or stirring tool 2 is cooled down by designing internal water cooling runner.It is other identical as embodiment one.
Specific embodiment 4: present embodiment is further limiting to embodiment one, described in present embodiment
Laser beam 1 use laser heat source type include at least Solid State Laser, optical-fiber laser, disc type Solid State Laser, Nd:YAG laser its
One of.It is other identical as embodiment one.
Specific embodiment 5: present embodiment is further limiting to embodiment one, described in present embodiment
When laser beam 1 heats mixing needle 8 by the hollow cavity 3 of soldering appliance 2, the heating of laser beam 1 includes at least poly-
Burnt, positive out of focus or negative defocus mode carry out, and diameter is 0.1-0.2mm after the laser focuses.It is other identical as embodiment one.
Specific embodiment 6: present embodiment is further limiting to embodiment one, described in present embodiment
When laser beam 1 heats mixing needle 8 by the hollow cavity 3 of soldering appliance 2, protective gas is filled in the cavity 3, such as
Argon gas, helium.It is other identical as embodiment one.
Specific embodiment 7: present embodiment is further limiting to embodiment one, described in present embodiment
Stirring tool 2 using materials with high melting point manufacture, the materials with high melting point include at least tungsten, molybdenum and its alloy, hot die steel its
One of.It is other identical as embodiment one.
Specific embodiment 8: present embodiment is further limiting to embodiment one, described in present embodiment
The hollow cavity 3 for being suitble to laser beam to pass through is equipped in main shaft and stirring tool 2,8 hollow cavity of mixing needle, 3 end is equipped with
Aperture 5, inner wall are arc, increase diffusing reflection of the part to laser, and to improve heating efficiency, 5 diameter of aperture is less than stirring
8 diameter of needle.It is other identical as embodiment one.
Specific embodiment 9: Fig. 2 show a kind of hollow laser coaxial heat of upper shaft shoulder of one embodiment of the invention extremely
The split type stirring tool of double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding method is assisted to weld schematic diagram.Present embodiment be to embodiment one into
One step limits, double-shaft shoulder stirring tool described in present embodiment 2 be it is split type, carried out tightly in lower 7 position of the shaft shoulder by bolt 9
Gu.It is other identical as embodiment one.
Specific embodiment 10: present embodiment is further limiting to embodiment one, Fig. 3 show the present invention one
A kind of hollow laser coaxial heat of lower shaft shoulder of embodiment swashs to auxiliary double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding method integral type stirring tool
Light welds schematic diagram from following incident auxiliary.Coaxial heat to auxiliary laser described in present embodiment heats, and laser beam 1 is allowed to pass through
The hollow lower shaft shoulder 7 of stirring tool 2 carries out auxiliary heating from following incidence, welds to welding base metal 6.Other and embodiment
One is identical.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of laser coaxial heat extremely auxiliary double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding method, which is characterized in that stirred using hollow spindle connection
The tool of mixing is welded, and main includes coaxial heat to secondary laser beams, double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding tools, welding base metal, described
Friction stir welding tools include at least mixing needle, the upper shaft shoulder, the lower shaft shoulder, hollow cavity, laser and heat aperture；
When welding, the stirring tool rotates and enters base material to be moved forward along welding direction, and base material is in the upper shaft shoulder and lower axle
Between shoulder, stirring tool is heated using the laser heating aperture that coaxial laser beam squeezes into hollow cavity, mixing needle passes through
Laser energy is absorbed, and welding material is transferred its energy to by heat transfer, in the comprehensive of stirring tool mechanical stirring and heat effect
Under the influence of conjunction, metal is set to reach mecystasis, stirring tool is mobile and upset, realization are welded.
2. laser coaxial heat according to claim 1 extremely auxiliary double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding method, it is characterised in that: welding
Base material can use aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, copper alloy non-ferrous metal and aluminum matrix composite, or implement to weld to dissimilar material
It connects.
3. laser coaxial heat according to claim 1 extremely auxiliary double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding method, it is characterised in that: pass through
Stirring tool appearance profile of different shapes is designed, and external application compressed air and the method for water mist cooling are cooled down,
Or stirring tool is cooled down by designing internal water cooling runner.
4. laser coaxial heat as described in claim 1 extremely auxiliary double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding method, which is characterized in that described to swash
It is one such that the laser source that light beam uses includes at least Solid State Laser, optical-fiber laser, disc type Solid State Laser, Nd:YAG laser.
5. laser coaxial heat as described in claim 1 extremely auxiliary double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding method, which is characterized in that described to swash
When light beam heats mixing needle by the hollow cavity of soldering appliance, the laser beam heats include at least focus, just from
Burnt or negative defocus mode carries out, and diameter is 0.1-0.2mm after the laser focuses.
6. laser coaxial heat as described in claim 1 extremely auxiliary double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding method, which is characterized in that described to swash
When light beam heats mixing needle by the hollow cavity of soldering appliance, protective gas is filled in the cavity, using argon gas
Or helium.
7. laser coaxial heat as described in claim 1 extremely auxiliary double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding method, which is characterized in that the axis
Shoulder and mixing needle are manufactured using materials with high melting point, the materials with high melting point include at least tungsten, molybdenum and its alloy, hot die steel its
One of.
8. laser coaxial heat as described in claim 1 extremely auxiliary double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding method, which is characterized in that the master
Axis and stirring tool hollow cavity are equipped with the cavity for being suitble to laser beam to pass through, and mixing needle hollow cavity end is equipped with aperture,
Inner wall is arc, increases diffusing reflection of the part to laser, and to improve heating efficiency, the hole diameter is less than mixing needle diameter.
9. laser coaxial heat as described in claim 1 extremely auxiliary double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding method, which is characterized in that described double
Shaft shoulder stirring tool uses integral type or split type, wherein split type stirring tool fastens the lower shaft shoulder by bolt.
10. laser coaxial heat as described in claim 1 extremely auxiliary double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding method, which is characterized in that described
Coaxial heat to auxiliary laser heats, and laser beam can be used by hollow main shaft and hollow stirrer tool from being injected above by hollow
The upper shaft shoulder is heated, and can also be injected below stirring tool and be heated by the hollow lower shaft shoulder.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811239784.8A CN109396636A (en) | 2018-10-23 | 2018-10-23 | A kind of laser coaxial heat is to auxiliary double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding method |
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| CN201811239784.8A CN109396636A (en) | 2018-10-23 | 2018-10-23 | A kind of laser coaxial heat is to auxiliary double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding method |
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Cited By (6)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110065237A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-30 | 龙岩学院 | The hot assistant metal of laser/thermoplastic friction hot pressing connects device and method |
| CN110877148A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-03-13 | 上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司 | Multistage floating type shaft shoulder dual-drive friction stir welding device and welding method |
| CN111421225A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-07-17 | 铜陵学院 | Friction stir butt welding device for titanium-nickel dissimilar materials and machining method thereof |
| CN111804910A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-23 | 西安交通大学 | Friction stir forging additive manufacturing method and device for nano reinforced matrix composite |
| CN113751858A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2021-12-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Double-shaft-shoulder friction-stir tunnel forming method |
| CN113941770A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-01-18 | 中山大学 | Double-shaft-shoulder friction stir welding device and method for preparing coating along with welding |
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| CN111804910A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-23 | 西安交通大学 | Friction stir forging additive manufacturing method and device for nano reinforced matrix composite |
| CN111804910B (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2021-07-06 | 西安交通大学 | Friction stir forging additive manufacturing method and device for nano reinforced matrix composite |
| CN113751858A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2021-12-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Double-shaft-shoulder friction-stir tunnel forming method |
| CN113941770A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-01-18 | 中山大学 | Double-shaft-shoulder friction stir welding device and method for preparing coating along with welding |
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Application publication date: 20190301 |