CN103846563B - A kind of laser friction stir welding method and its device - Google Patents
A kind of laser friction stir welding method and its device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103846563B CN103846563B CN201210498493.7A CN201210498493A CN103846563B CN 103846563 B CN103846563 B CN 103846563B CN 201210498493 A CN201210498493 A CN 201210498493A CN 103846563 B CN103846563 B CN 103846563B
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- laser
- mixing needle
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- aperture
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
- B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of laser friction stir welding method, including laser beam, soldering appliance and welding thing, the soldering appliance comprises at least mixing needle, the shaft shoulder, radiating fin and hollow cavity, during welding, the mixing needle insertion welding thing rotates and advanced along weld seam, the laser beam is heated by the hollow cavity of soldering appliance to mixing needle, mixing needle is welded by absorbing the instantaneous conversion of laser light energy beam for heat energy and conduction to welding thing, when the laser beam is heated by the hollow cavity of soldering appliance to mixing needle, filling protective gas in the cavity, the protective gas is helium, the helium is high ionization energy helium.This method can solve the problem that traditional agitating friction weldering microsize stirring tool heat production deficiency problem, laser directly weld the welding quality and stability of thin-wall aluminum alloy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Solid-phase welding technical field, more particularly to a kind of laser friction stir welding method and its device.
Background technology
In agitating friction weldering technical field, composite heat power supply welding method turns into the effective hand for this technology scope of application that extends
It section, by additionally applying welding energy, can effectively soften materials to be welded, reduce the upset force needed for welding and thrust is wanted
Ask.These complex welding methods are for traditional agitating friction weldering of aluminium alloy, effect and unobvious, because tradition stirring rubs
As long as wiping soldering equipment possesses enough rigidity, upset force and thrust needed for welding can be provided, you can obtain what is well shaped
Weld seam.
For micro-member, ultra-thin wall member welding for, the length of general mixing needle is shorter than welding workpiece wall thickness by 0.1
~ 0.2mm, and mixing needle diameter is generally 0.5 ~ 1.5 times of its length, 2 ~ 3 times of a diameter of mixing needle diameter of the shaft shoulder.According to tradition
Friction stir welding tools design principle, then the dimensions of tool of thin walled welds component will suitably diminish.Agitating friction weldering process
Frictional heat of the heat input dependent on stirring tool and welded piece, when the contact area of soldering appliance and materials to be welded is obvious
During reduction, the generation of frictional heat will be significantly reduced.
But the increase of friction stir welding tools rotary speed is limited, rotating speed improves and brings two problems, first, electricity
The moment of torsion that machine can be provided increases with rotating speed and declined rapidly；Second, the transmission of high rotating speed moment of torsion can not take into account big upset force with before
Enter the requirement of power.Improve the problem that rotating speed is difficult to overcome moment of torsion to decline, upset force and thrust decline.Therefore, suitably turning
Under the conditions of speed, apply extra heat source and carry out auxiliary heating, that is, implement hybrid laser-arc welding, be the effective way to solve the above problems
Footpath.
Selection for the micro- agitating friction weldering process auxiliary thermal source of high rotating speed, it is necessary to consider two problems：First, sweating heat
The heat flow density problem in source, micro- agitating friction weldering mainly for thin-wall member welding, such component for thermal weld stress very
Sensitivity, increase heated perimeter will cause workpiece deformation serious, or even local buckling；Second, the application of welding auxiliary thermal source must fit
Answer the high speed rotation and the stability requirement of high speed movement of soldering appliance.According to above-mentioned requirements, ultrasonic energy auxiliary welding
Need to soldering appliance apply ultrasonic vibration, ultrasonic energy conversion heat relative distribution and can not adapt to high-speed welding requirement,
Excessive ultrasonic vibration is it is also possible to cause lathe to damage or influence welding stability；Resistance auxiliary heating need to apply insulation and must
Must solve effective conduction problem of high rotating speed stirring tool and stationary power source, equally there is also power dissipation problem；Laser paraxonic
Composite welding is related to the reheating to workpiece, and Laser Welding of Aluminum Alloys has process instability problem in itself, may production
The defects of raw stomata, splashing, oxidation, would be possible to cause follow-up agitating friction weldering defect.In addition, before laser and soldering appliance
The mode arranged afterwards so that laser energy can not realize efficient coupling with agitating friction weldering frictional heat.
In summary, high stability, high quality can be obtained to micro- extra auxiliary thermal source of agitating friction weldering implementation Process
Thin-wall member welding effect.But the application of traditional auxiliary thermal source must solve due to micro- Friction stir welding characteristic bring one
Series of problems, need NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE heat power supply welding method of the exploitation for ultra-thin wall member solid diffusivity badly.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of laser friction stir welding method and its device.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
A kind of laser friction stir welding method, including laser beam, soldering appliance and welding thing, it is characterised in that described
Soldering appliance comprises at least mixing needle, the shaft shoulder, radiating fin and hollow cavity, during welding, the mixing needle insertion welding thing rotation
And advance along weld seam, the laser beam is heated by the hollow cavity of soldering appliance to mixing needle, and mixing needle passes through absorption
The instantaneous conversion of laser light energy beam is heat energy and conduction to welding thing is welded.
It is preferred that the lasing light emitter that the laser beam uses comprise at least Solid State Laser, optical-fiber laser, disc type Solid State Laser,
Nd:YAG laser one kind therein.
It is preferred that the radiating fin is at least also cooled down in welding using compressed air cooling or water smoke.
It is preferred that when the laser beam is heated by the hollow cavity of soldering appliance to mixing needle, the laser beam
Heating is carried out including at least focusing and/or defocus mode, a diameter of 0.1-0.2mm after the Laser Focusing.
It is preferred that when the laser beam is heated by the hollow cavity of soldering appliance to mixing needle, in the cavity
Fill protective gas.
It is preferred that the protective gas comprises at least argon gas and helium one kind therein.
It is preferred that the protective gas is helium, the helium is high ionization energy helium.
It is preferred that the shaft shoulder and mixing needle are manufactured using materials with high melting point, the materials with high melting point comprises at least tungsten, molybdenum
And its alloy, hot die steel one kind therein.
It is preferred that the welding thing is aluminium alloy and/or magnesium alloy, the thin-wall metal that the welding thing is 0.5 ~ 1mm.
It is preferred that the soldering appliance rotational velocity range is 5000 ~ 10000rpm.
A kind of laser agitating friction welder, mainly including soldering appliance, it is characterised in that the soldering appliance is at least
Including mixing needle, the shaft shoulder, radiating fin and hollow cavity, the hollow cavity is provided with the cavity for being adapted to laser beam to pass through；It is described to stir
Mix and be provided with aperture inside pin, the hole diameter is less than mixing needle diameter.
It is preferred that the hole diameter inside the mixing needle is 0.3 ~ 1mm, the aperture is entered after laser beam focus to be heated
Mixing needle.
It is preferred that the hole diameter inside the mixing needle is blind hole or through hole.
It is preferred that the aperture is blind hole in butt welding, the distance >=0.5mm in bottom hole portion and mixing needle bottom；It is described
Aperture is through hole in overlap welding, and via bottoms diameter is less than 0.5mm.
Compared with prior art, there is following technique effect in the present invention：
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of laser friction stir welding method and its device, key to the invention is that adopting
With the coaxial complex method of laser and stirring tool, the soldering appliance comprises at least mixing needle, the shaft shoulder, radiating fin and hollow
Inner chamber, during welding, the mixing needle insertion welding thing rotates simultaneously to advance along weld seam, and the laser beam passes through in soldering appliance
Empty inner chamber is heated to mixing needle, and mixing needle is by absorbing the instantaneous conversion of laser light energy beam for heat energy and conducting to welding thing
Row welding.This method can realize that laser energy couples with the instantaneous original position of soldering appliance frictional heat, both remain laser
The advantage of contactless high-energy-density heating, also utilizes agitating friction weldering solid diffusivity in terms of appearance of weld and welding quality
Advantage, high quality, high reliability connection particularly suitable for materials such as micro-member, thin-wall aluminum alloy, magnesium alloys.This method makes
Obtain ultra-thin wall member agitating friction weldering to be possibly realized, there is important engineering application value.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram 1 of a kind of laser friction stir welding method of the present invention and its device；
In figure：1 is laser beam, and 2 be radiating fin, and 3 be the shaft shoulder, and 4 be mixing needle, and 5 be weld seam mother metal, and 6 be hollow cavity, 7
For aperture.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram 2 of a kind of laser friction stir welding method of the present invention and its device；
In figure：1 is laser beam, and 2 be radiating fin, and 3 be the shaft shoulder, and 4 be mixing needle, and 5 be weld seam mother metal, and 6 be hollow cavity, 7
It is lap joint upper plate for aperture, 8,9 be lap joint lower plate.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is illustrated below by way of preferred embodiment, but following embodiments can not limit this
The protection domain of invention.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of laser friction stir welding method, including laser beam（1）, soldering appliance and welding
Thing, it is characterised in that the soldering appliance comprises at least mixing needle（4）, the shaft shoulder（3）, radiating fin（2）And hollow cavity（6）, weldering
When connecing, the mixing needle（4）Insertion welding thing rotates and advanced along weld seam, the laser beam（1）Pass through the hollow of soldering appliance
Inner chamber（6）To mixing needle（4）Heated, mixing needle（4）By absorbing laser beam（1）Luminous energy instantaneous conversion is heat energy and conducted
Welded to welding thing.
In the present embodiment, the mixing needle aperture cavity（7）A diameter of 0.3 ~ 1mm, the rotational velocity range of stirring tool
For 5000 ~ 10000rpm, typical laser power scope is 100 ~ 500W, a diameter of 0.1 ~ 0.2mm after Laser Focusing, Welder
Part 0.5 ~ 1mm of wall thickness, laser beam（1）After over-focusing, into the mixing needle aperture cavity of 0.3 ~ 1mm diameters（7）, irradiate
Mixing needle aperture cavity（7）On internal chamber wall.Due to mixing needle aperture cavity（7）With deep and narrow geometric properties, laser beam enters
Enter aperture cavity（7）Afterwards, can be in aperture cavity（7）Hole inwall multiple reflections, until energy is largely absorbed by material and is converted into
Heat energy.
In the present embodiment, the laser beam（1）It is solid that the lasing light emitter of use comprises at least Solid State Laser, optical-fiber laser, disc type
Volumetric laser, Nd:YAG laser one kind therein；The radiating fin（2）In welding at least also using compressed air cooling or water smoke
Cooling；The laser beam（1）Pass through the hollow cavity of soldering appliance（6）To mixing needle（4）When being heated, the laser beam
（1）Heating is carried out including at least focusing and/or defocus mode, a diameter of 0.1-0.2mm after the Laser Focusing；The laser beam
（1）Pass through the hollow cavity of soldering appliance（6）To mixing needle（4）When being heated, filling protective gas in the cavity；It is described
Protective gas comprises at least argon gas and helium one kind therein；The protective gas is preferably helium, and the helium is specifically preferable
Select high ionization energy helium；The shaft shoulder（3）And mixing needle（4）Manufactured using materials with high melting point, the materials with high melting point can be with
Selection uses tungsten, molybdenum and its alloy, hot die steel；The welding thing is aluminium alloy and/or magnesium alloy, and the welding thing is 0.5
~ 1mm thin-wall metal；The soldering appliance rotary speed preferred range is 5000 ~ 10000rpm.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of laser agitating friction welder, mainly including soldering appliance, the soldering appliance
Including at least mixing needle（4）, the shaft shoulder（3）, radiating fin（2）And hollow cavity（6）, the hollow cavity（6）Provided with suitable laser
Beam（1）The cavity passed through；The mixing needle（4）Inside is provided with aperture（7）, the aperture（7）Diameter is less than mixing needle（4）Directly
Footpath；The mixing needle（4）Internal aperture（7）A diameter of 0.3 ~ 1mm, laser beam（1）Enter the aperture after focusing（7）It can heat
Mixing needle（4）；The mixing needle（4）Internal aperture（7）For blind hole or through hole；The aperture（7）It is blind hole in butt welding,
Bottom hole portion and mixing needle（4）Distance >=0.5mm of bottom；The aperture（7）It is through hole in overlap welding, via bottoms diameter is small
In 0.5mm.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, laser friction stir welding method of the present invention can also use mixing needle
The pattern of through hole is welded, wherein the lap joint includes lap joint upper plate（8）With lap joint lower plate（9）；Due to
It is lap joint, stirring tool only needs that overlap joint interface effectively rub, namely mixing needle（4）Length only needs to compare
Lap joint upper plate（8）Thickness of slab is slightly longer, now mixing needle（4）Bottom contact is lap joint lower plate（9）If now mixing needle
（4）Inner aperture（7）For through hole, laser enters the aperture（7）Behind inner chamber, except to mixing needle（4）Outside inwall has heated, also
The aluminum alloy materials of aperture (7) bottom can be directly heated；Can now focusing mode be used to heat, i.e. laser spot diameter is 0.1
~ 0.2mm, can directly it irradiate on aluminium alloy without fear of damage mixing needle；Now mixing needle（4）Intracavity through hole base diameter
No more than 0.5mm, aluminum alloy materials will not be caused largely to be squeezed into aperture（7）Inside, while can realize that laser directly adds again
Hot aluminium alloy mother metal.Aluminium alloy is heated in this way, will not cause stomata problem, the protection of conventional laser welding aluminum alloy
And Problems in forming.Laser energy is directly entered material internal, and local forging of the stirring tool to mother metal effectively can avoid stomata from producing
It is raw, and smooth, smooth, fine and close face of weld can be obtained.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is only intended to help and illustrates the present invention, and it is all that preferred embodiment does not have detailed descriptionthe
Details, it is only described embodiment also not limit the invention.Obviously, according to the content of this specification, can make a lot
Modifications and variations.This specification is chosen and specifically describes these embodiments, is to preferably explain the principle and reality of the present invention
Border is applied, so that skilled artisan can utilize the present invention well.The present invention only by claims and its
The limitation of four corner and equivalent.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of laser friction stir welding method, it is characterised in that the soldering appliance comprises at least mixing needle, the shaft shoulder, dissipated
Hot wing and hollow cavity, are provided with aperture inside the mixing needle, and the hole diameter is less than mixing needle diameter, the aperture it is straight
Footpath is less than the diameter of cavity；During welding, the mixing needle insertion welding thing rotates and advanced along weld seam, and the laser beam passes through
The hollow cavity of soldering appliance heats to mixing needle, and mixing needle is by absorbing the instantaneous conversion of laser light energy beam for heat energy and passing
Welding thing is directed to be welded；The aperture is distance >=0.5mm of blind hole, bottom hole portion and mixing needle bottom in butt welding；
The aperture is through hole in overlap welding, and via bottoms diameter is less than 0.5mm.
2. a kind of laser friction stir welding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that what the laser beam used swashs
Light source comprises at least Solid State Laser, optical-fiber laser, disc type Solid State Laser, Nd:YAG laser one kind therein.
3. a kind of laser friction stir welding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the radiating fin is in welding
At least also using compressed air cooling or water smoke cooling.
4. a kind of laser friction stir welding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the laser beam passes through welding
When the hollow cavity of instrument heats to mixing needle, the laser beam heats comprise at least focusing and/or defocus mode is carried out,
A diameter of 0.1-0.2mm after the Laser Focusing.
5. a kind of laser friction stir welding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the laser beam passes through welding
When the hollow cavity of instrument heats to mixing needle, filling protective gas in the cavity.
6. a kind of laser friction stir welding method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the protective gas at least wraps
Include argon gas and helium one kind therein.
7. a kind of laser friction stir welding method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the protective gas is helium
Gas, the helium are high ionization energy helium.
8. a kind of laser friction stir welding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the shaft shoulder and mixing needle are adopted
Manufactured with materials with high melting point, the materials with high melting point comprises at least tungsten, molybdenum and its alloy, hot die steel one kind therein.
9. a kind of laser friction stir welding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the welding thing is aluminium alloy
And/or magnesium alloy, the thin-wall metal that the welding thing is 0.5 ~ 1mm.
A kind of 10. laser friction stir welding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the soldering appliance rotation
Velocity interval is 5000 ~ 10000rpm.
11. a kind of laser agitating friction welder, mainly including soldering appliance, it is characterised in that the soldering appliance is at least
Including mixing needle, the shaft shoulder, radiating fin and hollow cavity, the hollow cavity is provided with the cavity for being adapted to laser beam to pass through；It is described to stir
Mix and aperture is provided with inside pin, the hole diameter is less than mixing needle diameter, and the diameter of the aperture is less than the diameter of cavity；It is described
Aperture is distance >=0.5mm of blind hole, bottom hole portion and mixing needle bottom in butt welding；The aperture is logical in overlap welding
Hole, via bottoms diameter are less than 0.5mm.
12. a kind of laser agitating friction welder as claimed in claim 11, it is characterised in that inside the mixing needle
Hole diameter is 0.3 ~ 1mm, can heating stirring pin into the aperture after laser beam focus.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210498493.7A CN103846563B (en) | 2012-11-29 | 2012-11-29 | A kind of laser friction stir welding method and its device |
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| CN201210498493.7A CN103846563B (en) | 2012-11-29 | 2012-11-29 | A kind of laser friction stir welding method and its device |
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| CN103846563A CN103846563A (en) | 2014-06-11 |
| CN103846563B true CN103846563B (en) | 2017-12-19 |
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105014227A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-11-04 | 华东交通大学 | Thin-plate T-shaped joint friction-stir welding device and method assisted by lasers |
| CN106583912A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-04-26 | 上海航天设备制造总厂 | Laser coaxial type indirect thermally induced auxiliary micro stirring friction welding device |
| CN107717249B (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2023-06-06 | 无锡汉神电气股份有限公司 | Arc-friction welding composite welding torch and welding method thereof |
| CN108672963A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-10-19 | 上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司 | The welder and method of electric arc heat source and the coaxial In-situ reaction of frictional heat source |
| CN109396636A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-03-01 | 上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司 | A kind of laser coaxial heat is to auxiliary double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding method |
| CN111375886A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-07 | 南昌航空大学 | Cooling device of friction welding stirring head |
| CN111702276B (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2023-07-14 | 深圳市微组半导体科技有限公司 | Laser hot-pressing heating suction nozzle, device welding device and hot-pressing composite heating method |
| CN111975153A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-11-24 | 西北工业大学 | Friction stir welding method for lock bottom structure |
| CN112719565B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-04-26 | 昆山哈工万洲焊接研究院有限公司 | Friction stir welding method and device using rotating high-energy beam as stirring pin |
| CN115555722B (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-03-21 | 武汉工程大学 | Laser welding mechanical arm, welding robot and welding method |
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| CN103846563A (en) | 2014-06-11 |
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