CN103846563A - Laser stirring friction welding method and device thereof - Google Patents
Laser stirring friction welding method and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103846563A CN103846563A CN201210498493.7A CN201210498493A CN103846563A CN 103846563 A CN103846563 A CN 103846563A CN 201210498493 A CN201210498493 A CN 201210498493A CN 103846563 A CN103846563 A CN 103846563A
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- laser
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
- B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a laser stirring friction welding method which includes a laser beam, a welding tool and a welded object. The welding tool at least comprises a stirring needle, a shaft shoulder, radiating fins and a hollow inner cavity. During welding, the stirring needle is inserted into the welded object to rotate and advance along a welding gap, the laser beam heats the stirring needle through the hollow inner cavity of the welding tool, and the stirring needle absorbs optical energy of the laser beam, converts the optical energy into heat energy instantaneously and transfers the heat energy to the welded object to conduct welding. When the laser beam heats the stirring needle through the hollow inner cavity of the welding tool, the hollow inner cavity is filled with protection gas which is helium, and the helium is high ionization energy helium. By means of the method, the problem that a micro-size stirring tool used in traditional stirring friction welding is insufficient in heat production is solved, and welding quality and stability of laser direct welding of thin wall aluminum alloy are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Solid-phase welding technical field, relate in particular to a kind of laser friction stir welding method and device thereof.
Background technology
In friction stir welding technical field, composite heat power supply welding method becomes the effective means of this technology scope of application that extends, and by additionally applying welding energy, can effectively soften materials to be welded, reduces welding required upset force and thrust requirement.These complex welding methods are for traditional friction stir welding of aluminium alloy, and effect is also not obvious, as long as because traditional agitating friction soldering equipment possesses enough rigidity, can provide welding required upset force and thrust, can obtain the weld seam of good shaping.
For the welding of micro-member, ultra-thin-wall member, the short 0.1 ~ 0.2mm of Length Ratio welding work pieces wall thickness of general mixing needle, and mixing needle diameter is generally 0.5 ~ 1.5 times of its length, shaft shoulder diameter is 2 ~ 3 times of mixing needle diameters.According to traditional friction stir welding tools design principle, the dimensions of tool of thin walled welds member will suitably diminish.The hot input dependence of friction stir welding process, in the frictional heat of stirring tool and welded piece, in the time that the contact area of soldering appliance and materials to be welded obviously reduces, will significantly reduce the generation of frictional heat.
But the increase of friction stir welding tools rotary speed is limited, rotating speed raising brings two problems, the one, and the moment of torsion that motor can provide increases with rotating speed and declines rapidly; The 2nd, the transmission of high rotating speed moment of torsion cannot take into account the requirement of large upset force and thrust.Improve rotating speed and be difficult to overcome the difficult problem that moment of torsion decline, upset force and thrust decline.Therefore, under suitable speed conditions, applying extra heat source and carry out auxiliary heating, implement composite heat power supply welding, is the effective way addressing the above problem.
For the selection of the micro-friction stir welding process of high rotating speed auxiliary thermal source, must consider two problems: the one, the heat flow density problem of welding heat source, micro-friction stir welding is mainly for the welding of thin-wall member, this class A of geometric unitA is very sensitive for sweating heat input, increase heated perimeter and will cause workpiece deformation serious, even local buckling; The 2nd, applying of welding auxiliary thermal source must adapt to the High Rotation Speed of soldering appliance and the stability requirement of high-speed mobile process.According to above-mentioned requirements, ultrasonic energy auxiliary welding need to apply ultrasonic vibration to soldering appliance, and the heat of ultrasonic energy conversion relatively disperses and cannot adapt to high-speed welding requirement, and excessive ultrasonic vibration also likely causes lathe to damage or affects welding stability; Resistance auxiliary heating need apply insulation and must solve effective conduction problem of high rotating speed stirring tool and static power supply, equally also has energy scattering problem; Laser paraxonic composite welding relates to the post bake to workpiece, and Laser Welding of Aluminum Alloys itself exists process instability problem, issuable pore, splash, the defect such as oxidation will likely cause follow-up friction stir welding defect.In addition, the mode of arranging before and after laser and soldering appliance, makes laser energy and friction stir welding frictional heat cannot realize efficient coupling.
In sum, can obtain high stability, high-quality thin-wall member welding effect to the extra auxiliary thermal source of micro-friction stir welding implementation Process.But applying of traditional auxiliary thermal source must solve the series of problems bringing due to micro-Friction stir welding characteristic, need the NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE heat power supply welding method that exploitation connects for ultra-thin-wall member solid phase badly.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, the invention provides a kind of laser friction stir welding method and device thereof.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of laser friction stir welding method, comprise laser beam, soldering appliance and welding thing, it is characterized in that, described soldering appliance at least comprises mixing needle, the shaft shoulder, radiating fin and hollow cavity, when welding, described mixing needle inserts the rotation of welding thing and also advances along weld seam, and described laser beam heats mixing needle by the hollow cavity of soldering appliance, and mixing needle is heat energy by the instantaneous conversion of absorbing laser light energy beam and conducts to welding thing and weld.
Preferably, the lasing light emitter that described laser beam adopts at least comprises Solid State Laser, optical-fiber laser, disc type Solid State Laser, Nd:YAG laser one wherein.
Preferably, described radiating fin when welding at least also adopt pressure-air cooling or water smoke cooling.
Preferably, when described laser beam heats mixing needle by the hollow cavity of soldering appliance, described laser beam heats at least comprise focus on and or out of focus mode carry out, after described Laser Focusing, diameter is 0.1-0.2mm.
Preferably, when described laser beam heats mixing needle by the hollow cavity of soldering appliance, filling protective gas in described cavity.
Preferably, described protective gas at least comprises argon gas and helium one wherein.
Preferably, described protective gas is helium, and described helium is high ionization energy helium.
Preferably, the described shaft shoulder and mixing needle adopt materials with high melting point manufacture, and described materials with high melting point at least comprises tungsten, Mo and Mo alloys, hot die steel one wherein.
Preferably, described welding thing be aluminium alloy and or magnesium alloy, the thin-wall metal that described welding thing is 0.5 ~ 1mm.
Preferably, described soldering appliance rotational velocity range is 5000 ~ 10000rpm.
A kind of laser agitating friction welder, mainly comprises soldering appliance, it is characterized in that, described soldering appliance at least comprises mixing needle, the shaft shoulder, radiating fin and hollow cavity, and described hollow cavity is provided with and is applicable to the cavity that laser beam passes through; Described mixing needle inside is provided with aperture, and described hole diameter is less than mixing needle diameter.
Preferably, the hole diameter of described mixing needle inside is 0.3 ~ 1mm, and laser beam enters this aperture after focusing on can heat mixing needle.
Preferably, the hole diameter of described mixing needle inside is blind hole or through hole.
Preferably, described aperture is blind hole in the time of butt welding, the distance >=0.5mm of bottom, hole and mixing needle bottom; Described aperture is through hole in the time of overlap welding, and via bottoms diameter is less than 0.5mm.
Compared with prior art, there is following technique effect in the present invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of laser friction stir welding method and device thereof, key of the present invention has been to adopt the coaxial complex method of laser with stirring tool, described soldering appliance at least comprises mixing needle, the shaft shoulder, radiating fin and hollow cavity, when welding, described mixing needle inserts the rotation of welding thing and advances along weld seam, described laser beam heats mixing needle by the hollow cavity of soldering appliance, mixing needle by the instantaneous conversion of absorbing laser light energy beam be heat energy and conduct to welding thing weld.The method can realize the instantaneous original position coupling of laser energy and soldering appliance frictional heat, both retained the advantage of the contactless high-energy-density heating of laser, also utilized friction stir welding solid phase to be connected to the advantage of appearance of weld and welding quality aspect, the high-quality, the high reliability that are particularly suitable for the materials such as micro-member, thin-wall aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy connect.The method makes ultra-thin-wall member friction stir welding become possibility, has important engineering using value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram 1 of a kind of laser friction stir welding method of the present invention and device thereof;
In figure: 1 is laser beam, 2 is radiating fin, and 3 is the shaft shoulder, and 4 is mixing needle, and 5 is weld seam mother metal, and 6 is hollow cavity, and 7 is aperture.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram 2 of a kind of laser friction stir welding method of the present invention and device thereof;
In figure: 1 is laser beam, 2 is radiating fin, and 3 is the shaft shoulder, and 4 is mixing needle, and 5 is weld seam mother metal, and 6 is hollow cavity, and 7 is aperture, and 8 is lap joint upper plate, and 9 is lap joint lower plate.
The specific embodiment
By preferred embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described below, but following embodiment can not limit the scope of the invention.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of laser friction stir welding method, comprise laser beam (1), soldering appliance and welding thing, it is characterized in that, described soldering appliance at least comprises mixing needle (4), the shaft shoulder (3), radiating fin (2) and hollow cavity (6), when welding, described mixing needle (4) inserts the rotation of welding thing and advances along weld seam, described laser beam (1) heats mixing needle (4) by the hollow cavity (6) of soldering appliance, mixing needle (4) by absorbing laser bundle (1) luminous energy instantaneous conversion be heat energy and conduct to welding thing weld.
In the present embodiment, described mixing needle aperture cavity (7) diameter is 0.3 ~ 1mm, the rotational velocity range of stirring tool is 5000 ~ 10000rpm, typical laser power scope is 100 ~ 500W, after Laser Focusing, diameter is 0.1 ~ 0.2mm, welding work pieces wall thickness 0.5 ~ 1mm, and laser beam (1) is after focusing on, enter the mixing needle aperture cavity (7) of this 0.3 ~ 1mm diameter, irradiation is on mixing needle aperture cavity (7) internal chamber wall.Because mixing needle aperture cavity (7) has dark and narrow geometric properties, laser beam enters after aperture cavity (7), can be at aperture cavity (7) hole inwall multiple reflections, until energy major part is absorbed and is converted into heat energy by material.
In the present embodiment, the lasing light emitter that described laser beam (1) adopts at least comprises Solid State Laser, optical-fiber laser, disc type Solid State Laser, Nd:YAG laser one wherein; Described radiating fin (2) when welding at least also adopt pressure-air cooling or water smoke cooling; When described laser beam (1) heats mixing needle (4) by the hollow cavity (6) of soldering appliance, described laser beam (1) heating at least comprise focus on and or out of focus mode carry out, after described Laser Focusing, diameter is 0.1-0.2mm; When described laser beam (1) heats mixing needle (4) by the hollow cavity (6) of soldering appliance, filling protective gas in described cavity; Described protective gas at least comprises argon gas and helium one wherein; Described protective gas is preferably helium, and described helium is better selection high ionization energy helium specifically; The described shaft shoulder (3) and mixing needle (4) adopt materials with high melting point manufacture, and described materials with high melting point can choice for use tungsten, Mo and Mo alloys, hot die steel; Described welding thing be aluminium alloy and or magnesium alloy, the thin-wall metal that described welding thing is 0.5 ~ 1mm; Described soldering appliance rotary speed preferred range is 5000 ~ 10000rpm.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of laser agitating friction welder, mainly comprise soldering appliance, described soldering appliance at least comprises mixing needle (4), the shaft shoulder (3), radiating fin (2) and hollow cavity (6), and described hollow cavity (6) is provided with the cavity that applicable laser beam (1) passes through; Described mixing needle (4) inside is provided with aperture (7), and described aperture (7) diameter is less than mixing needle (4) diameter; Inner aperture (7) diameter of described mixing needle (4) is 0.3 ~ 1mm, and laser beam (1) enters this aperture (7) after focusing on can heat mixing needle (4); The inner aperture (7) of described mixing needle (4) is blind hole or through hole; Described aperture (7) is blind hole in the time of butt welding, the distance >=0.5mm of bottom, hole and mixing needle (4) bottom; Described aperture (7) is through hole in the time of overlap welding, and via bottoms diameter is less than 0.5mm.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, laser friction stir welding method of the present invention can also adopt the pattern of mixing needle through hole to weld, and wherein said lap joint comprises lap joint upper plate (8) and lap joint lower plate (9); Owing to being lap joint, stirring tool only need to carry out effectively friction to overlap joint interface, also be that mixing needle (4) length only needs than slightly length of lap joint upper plate (8) thickness of slab, now the contact of mixing needle (4) bottom is lap joint lower plate (9), if now mixing needle (4) inner aperture (7) is through hole, laser enters after this aperture (7) inner chamber, except mixing needle (4) inwall is heated to some extent, also can directly heat the aluminum alloy materials of aperture (7) bottom; Now can adopt focusing mode heating, laser spot diameter is at 0.1 ~ 0.2mm, and directly irradiation is on aluminium alloy and needn't worry to damage mixing needle; Now mixing needle (4) intracavity through hole base diameter is no more than 0.5mm, can not cause a large amount of extruding of aluminum alloy materials to enter aperture (7) inside, can realize again laser and directly heat aluminium alloy mother metal simultaneously.Adopt and heat in this way aluminium alloy, can not cause pore problem, protection and the Problems in forming of conventional laser welding aluminum alloy.Laser energy directly enters material internal, and stirring tool forges and can effectively avoid pore to produce the part of mother metal, and can obtain smooth, smooth, fine and close face of weld.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is just for helping to set forth the present invention, and preferred embodiment does not have all details of detailed descriptionthe, and also not limiting this invention is only the described specific embodiment.Obviously,, according to the content of this description, can make many modifications and variations.These embodiment are chosen and specifically described to this description, is in order to explain better principle of the present invention and practical application, thereby under making, technical field technical staff can utilize the present invention well.The present invention is only subject to the restriction of claims and four corner and equivalent.
Claims (14)
1. be, described soldering appliance at least comprises mixing needle, the shaft shoulder, radiating fin and hollow cavity, when welding, described mixing needle inserts the rotation of welding thing and advances along weld seam, described laser beam heats mixing needle by the hollow cavity of soldering appliance, mixing needle by the instantaneous conversion of absorbing laser light energy beam be heat energy and conduct to welding thing weld.
2. a kind of laser friction stir welding method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the lasing light emitter that described laser beam adopts at least comprises Solid State Laser, optical-fiber laser, disc type Solid State Laser, Nd:YAG laser one wherein.
3. a kind of laser friction stir welding method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described radiating fin when welding at least also adopt pressure-air cooling or water smoke cooling.
4. a kind of laser friction stir welding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, when described laser beam heats mixing needle by the hollow cavity of soldering appliance, described laser beam heats at least comprise focus on and or out of focus mode carry out, after described Laser Focusing, diameter is 0.1-0.2mm.
5. a kind of laser friction stir welding method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, when described laser beam heats mixing needle by the hollow cavity of soldering appliance, and filling protective gas in described cavity.
6. a kind of laser friction stir welding method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described protective gas at least comprises argon gas and helium one wherein.
7. a kind of laser friction stir welding method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, described protective gas is helium, and described helium is high ionization energy helium.
8. a kind of laser friction stir welding method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the described shaft shoulder and mixing needle adopt materials with high melting point manufacture, and described materials with high melting point at least comprises tungsten, Mo and Mo alloys, hot die steel one wherein.
9. a kind of laser friction stir welding method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described welding thing be aluminium alloy and or magnesium alloy, the thin-wall metal that described welding thing is 0.5 ~ 1mm.
10. a kind of laser friction stir welding method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described soldering appliance rotational velocity range is 5000 ~ 10000rpm.
11. 1 kinds of laser agitating friction welders, mainly comprise soldering appliance, it is characterized in that, described soldering appliance at least comprises mixing needle, the shaft shoulder, radiating fin and hollow cavity, and described hollow cavity is provided with and is applicable to the cavity that laser beam passes through; Described mixing needle inside is provided with aperture, and described hole diameter is less than mixing needle diameter; .
12. a kind of laser agitating friction welders as claimed in claim 11, is characterized in that, the hole diameter of described mixing needle inside is 0.3 ~ 1mm, and laser beam enters this aperture after focusing on can heat mixing needle.
13. a kind of laser agitating friction welders as claimed in claim 11, is characterized in that, the aperture of described mixing needle inside is blind hole or through hole.
14. a kind of laser agitating friction welders as claimed in claim 13, is characterized in that, described aperture is blind hole in the time of butt welding, the distance >=0.5mm of bottom, hole and mixing needle bottom; Described aperture is through hole in the time of overlap welding, and via bottoms diameter is less than 0.5mm.
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| CN201210498493.7A CN103846563B (en) | 2012-11-29 | 2012-11-29 | A kind of laser friction stir welding method and its device |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105014227A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-11-04 | 华东交通大学 | Thin-plate T-shaped joint friction-stir welding device and method assisted by lasers |
| CN106583912A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-04-26 | 上海航天设备制造总厂 | Laser coaxial type indirect thermally induced auxiliary micro stirring friction welding device |
| CN107717249A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-02-23 | 无锡汉神电气股份有限公司 | A kind of electric arc friction welding (FW) composite welding welding torch and its welding method |
| CN108672963A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-10-19 | 上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司 | The welder and method of electric arc heat source and the coaxial In-situ reaction of frictional heat source |
| CN109396636A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-03-01 | 上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司 | A kind of laser coaxial heat is to auxiliary double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding method |
| CN111375886A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-07 | 南昌航空大学 | Cooling device of friction welding stirring head |
| CN111702276A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-09-25 | 深圳市微组半导体科技有限公司 | Laser hot-pressing heating suction nozzle, device welding device and hot-pressing composite heating method |
| CN111975153A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-11-24 | 西北工业大学 | Friction stir welding method for lock bottom structure |
| CN112719565A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-30 | 昆山哈工万洲焊接研究院有限公司 | Friction stir welding method and device using rotating high-energy beam stirring pin |
| CN115555722A (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-01-03 | 武汉工程大学 | Laser welding mechanical arm, welding robot and welding method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105014227A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-11-04 | 华东交通大学 | Thin-plate T-shaped joint friction-stir welding device and method assisted by lasers |
| CN106583912A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-04-26 | 上海航天设备制造总厂 | Laser coaxial type indirect thermally induced auxiliary micro stirring friction welding device |
| CN107717249A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-02-23 | 无锡汉神电气股份有限公司 | A kind of electric arc friction welding (FW) composite welding welding torch and its welding method |
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| CN109396636A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-03-01 | 上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司 | A kind of laser coaxial heat is to auxiliary double-shaft shoulder friction stir welding method |
| CN111375886A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-07 | 南昌航空大学 | Cooling device of friction welding stirring head |
| CN111702276A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-09-25 | 深圳市微组半导体科技有限公司 | Laser hot-pressing heating suction nozzle, device welding device and hot-pressing composite heating method |
| CN111975153A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-11-24 | 西北工业大学 | Friction stir welding method for lock bottom structure |
| CN112719565A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-30 | 昆山哈工万洲焊接研究院有限公司 | Friction stir welding method and device using rotating high-energy beam stirring pin |
| CN112719565B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-04-26 | 昆山哈工万洲焊接研究院有限公司 | Friction stir welding method and device using rotating high-energy beam as stirring pin |
| CN115555722A (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-01-03 | 武汉工程大学 | Laser welding mechanical arm, welding robot and welding method |
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