JP2005288474A - Friction stir welding device and method - Google Patents

Friction stir welding device and method Download PDF

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JP2005288474A
JP2005288474A JP2004106517A JP2004106517A JP2005288474A JP 2005288474 A JP2005288474 A JP 2005288474A JP 2004106517 A JP2004106517 A JP 2004106517A JP 2004106517 A JP2004106517 A JP 2004106517A JP 2005288474 A JP2005288474 A JP 2005288474A
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friction stir
stir welding
heating
rotary tool
welding method
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JP4313714B2 (en
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Minoru Tayama
稔 田山
Tetsuo Sato
哲郎 佐藤
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Nippon Sharyo Ltd
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Nippon Sharyo Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a friction stir welding device and a friction stir welding method capable of joining workpieces at a high speed. <P>SOLUTION: In the invented friction stir welding method, workpieces 210 and 220 are made to butt to each other, and a rotary tool 1 which is rotating is inserted into an interface 200 between the butted workpieces 210 and 220 and is moved along the interface 200 so that the workpieces 210 and 220 are joined with frictional heat. The friction stir welding device is equipped with a heating means which heats the workpieces 210 and 220 at an area P just before the rotary tool 1 moving along the interface 200. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、被加工物同士を突き合わせた接合部に回転工具を挿入し、そのまま接合部を移動する回転工具の回転によって生じる摩擦熱で接合する摩擦撹拌接合装置及びその摩擦撹拌接合方法に関し、特に回転工具が移動する直前部分で被加工物を加熱することによって高速接合を行う摩擦撹拌接合装置及び摩擦撹拌接合方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a friction stir welding apparatus and a friction stir welding method thereof, in which a rotary tool is inserted into a joint portion where workpieces are brought into contact with each other, and the friction stir welding device is joined by frictional heat generated by rotation of a rotary tool that moves the joint portion as it is. The present invention relates to a friction stir welding apparatus and a friction stir welding method that perform high-speed welding by heating a workpiece immediately before a rotary tool moves.

図５は、下記特許文献１に記載する摩擦撹拌接合方法を示した図である。この摩擦撹拌接合方法は、一対のアルミニウム合金プレート２１０，２２０の端面が互いに突き合わされ、その接合部２００に沿って回転工具１００が移動する。回転工具１００は、プレート２１０，２２０の上下を挟むように回転体上部１０１と回転体下部１０２とがプローブ１０３で連結され、モータ１０４によって回転するよう構成されている。そこで、モータ１０４の駆動によって回転する回転工具１００は、プローブ１０３が結合部２００でアルミニウム合金プレート２１０，２２０に接触しながら矢印Ｆ方向に移動する。このときプローブ１０３は、その周りに可塑性材の部分領域を作り、回転体上部１０１と回転体下部１０２は、上下方向からプレート２１０，２２０を押圧し、可塑性ゾーンから材料が失われるのを防いでいる。従って、プレート２１０，２２０は、接合部２００の突き当て部分が発熱して軟化し、塑性流動してできた可塑性材によって固相接合される。
特表平０７−５０５０９０号公報（第４頁、図１） FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a friction stir welding method described in Patent Document 1 below. In this friction stir welding method, the end surfaces of the pair of aluminum alloy plates 210 and 220 are abutted with each other, and the rotary tool 100 moves along the joint 200. The rotary tool 100 is configured such that a rotating body upper part 101 and a rotating body lower part 102 are connected by a probe 103 so as to sandwich the upper and lower sides of plates 210 and 220 and are rotated by a motor 104. Therefore, the rotary tool 100 that rotates by driving the motor 104 moves in the direction of arrow F while the probe 103 contacts the aluminum alloy plates 210 and 220 at the coupling portion 200. At this time, the probe 103 creates a partial region of the plastic material around it, and the rotating body upper portion 101 and the rotating body lower portion 102 press the plates 210 and 220 from above and below to prevent the material from being lost from the plastic zone. Yes. Therefore, the plates 210 and 220 are solid-phase bonded by a plastic material formed by plastic flow, with the abutting portion of the bonding portion 200 generating heat and softening.
JP 07-505090 A (4th page, FIG. 1)

ところで、溶接に要する加工時間の短縮を図るには回転工具１００の移動速度を上げなければならないが、そうした場合には摩擦撹拌を行う被加工物であるアルミニウム合金プレート２１０，２２０の接合部２００に対しより多くのエネルギを与える必要がある。エネルギを与えるには、回転工具１００から出力される回転速度を大きくするか、直接摩擦撹拌を行うプローブ１０３の径をより大きいものにするか、回転体上部１０１および回転体下部１０２の径をより大きくするか、回転体上部１０１と回転体下部１０２とで合金プレート２１０，２２０とを挟む荷重を大きくすることが考えられる。
しかし、これらの方法を用いた場合は、摩擦撹拌接合時に被加工物側で熱影響を受ける部分が拡大し、特に被加工物がアルミニウム合金のような調質された素材の場合には、熱の影響で調質材の強度が低下して接合部分の品質低下を招くことになる。 By the way, in order to shorten the processing time required for welding, it is necessary to increase the moving speed of the rotary tool 100. In such a case, the joint 200 of the aluminum alloy plates 210 and 220, which are workpieces to be frictionally stirred, is used. However, more energy needs to be given. In order to give energy, the rotational speed output from the rotary tool 100 is increased, the diameter of the probe 103 that performs direct frictional stirring is increased, or the diameters of the upper part 101 and the lower part 102 are increased. It is conceivable to increase the load, or to increase the load sandwiching the alloy plates 210 and 220 between the rotating body upper part 101 and the rotating body lower part 102.
However, when these methods are used, the part that is affected by heat on the workpiece side during friction stir welding expands, especially when the workpiece is a tempered material such as an aluminum alloy. As a result, the strength of the tempered material is lowered and the quality of the joined portion is lowered.

そこで、本発明は、かかる課題を解決すべく、被加工物同士を高速接合することが可能な摩擦撹拌接合装置及び摩擦撹拌接合方法を提供することを目的とする。   Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a friction stir welding apparatus and a friction stir welding method capable of joining workpieces at high speed in order to solve the above problems.

本発明の摩擦撹拌接合装置は、被加工物同士を突き合わせた接合部に回転工具を回転させながら挿入し、そのまま接合部に沿って当該回転工具を移動させることにより、摩擦熱で被加工物同士を接合するものであって、接合部に沿って移動する前記回転工具の移動直前部分にて被加工物を加熱する加熱手段を有することを特徴とする。
また、本発明の摩擦撹拌接合装置は、前記加熱手段が前記被加工物に対する加熱領域を任意に設定して加熱するものであることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の摩擦撹拌接合装置は、前記加熱手段が前記加熱領域を前記回転工具のプローブ部分の径よりも十分に小さくして加熱するようにしたものであることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の摩擦撹拌接合装置は、前記加熱手段が前記加熱領域を接合部に対して主に前記回転工具の回転方向側にして加熱するようにしたものであることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の摩擦撹拌接合装置は、前記加熱手段が前記被加工物に対する加熱領域の加熱温度を部分的に変化させるようにしたものであることを特徴とする。
更に、本発明の摩擦撹拌接合装置は、前記加熱手段がレーザ発振器と、そのレーザ発振器から出力されたレーザ光を前記加熱領域に導く光学系とを有するものであることを特徴とする。 The friction stir welding apparatus according to the present invention inserts a rotating tool into a joint where the workpieces are abutted with each other while rotating, and moves the rotating tool along the joint as it is, so that the workpieces can be frictionally heated. And a heating means for heating the workpiece at a portion immediately before the movement of the rotary tool that moves along the joint.
Moreover, the friction stir welding apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that the heating means arbitrarily sets a heating region for the workpiece and heats the workpiece.
Moreover, the friction stir welding apparatus according to the present invention is characterized in that the heating means heats the heating region with a diameter sufficiently smaller than the diameter of the probe portion of the rotary tool.
Moreover, the friction stir welding apparatus according to the present invention is characterized in that the heating means heats the heating region with respect to the joining portion mainly on the rotating direction side of the rotary tool.
Moreover, the friction stir welding apparatus according to the present invention is characterized in that the heating means partially changes the heating temperature of the heating region for the workpiece.
Furthermore, the friction stir welding apparatus according to the present invention is characterized in that the heating means includes a laser oscillator and an optical system that guides laser light output from the laser oscillator to the heating region.

一方、本発明の摩擦撹拌接合方法は、被加工物同士を突き合わせた接合部に回転工具を回転させながら挿入し、そのまま接合部に沿って当該回転工具を移動させることにより、摩擦熱で被加工物同士を接合するものであって、接合部に沿って移動する前記回転工具の移動直前部分を加熱領域として前記被加工物を加熱するようにしたことを特徴とする。
また、本発明の摩擦撹拌接合方法は、前記被加工物に対する加熱領域を任意に設定して加熱するようにしたことを特徴とする。
また、本発明の摩擦撹拌接合方法は、前記加熱領域を前記回転工具のプローブ部分の径よりも十分に小さくなるようにしたことを特徴とする。
また、本発明の摩擦撹拌接合方法は、前記加熱領域を前記回転工具の回転方向側にしたことを特徴とする。
また、本発明の摩擦撹拌接合方法は、前記被加工物に対する加熱領域の加熱温度を部分的に変化させるようにしたことを特徴とする。
更に、本発明の摩擦撹拌接合方法は、レーザ発振器から出力されたレーザ光を光学系の操作によって前記加熱領域に導いて前記被加工物を加熱するようにしたことを特徴とする。 On the other hand, in the friction stir welding method of the present invention, the rotating tool is inserted into the joint where the workpieces are abutted with each other while rotating, and the rotary tool is moved along the joint as it is, so that the workpiece is processed with frictional heat. The workpieces are joined to each other, and the workpiece is heated using a portion immediately before the rotary tool that moves along the joint as a heating region.
Moreover, the friction stir welding method of the present invention is characterized in that heating is performed by arbitrarily setting a heating region for the workpiece.
Moreover, the friction stir welding method of the present invention is characterized in that the heating region is made sufficiently smaller than the diameter of the probe portion of the rotary tool.
Moreover, the friction stir welding method of the present invention is characterized in that the heating region is on the rotational direction side of the rotary tool.
The friction stir welding method of the present invention is characterized in that the heating temperature of the heating region for the workpiece is partially changed.
Furthermore, the friction stir welding method of the present invention is characterized in that the workpiece is heated by guiding laser light output from a laser oscillator to the heating region by operation of an optical system.

よって、本発明によれば、被加工物の接合部に沿って回転工具を移動させる場合に、回転工具が移動するその直前部分を加熱するようにしたことにより、予め接合部分に熱を入れることによって回転工具の摩擦撹拌作用で材料が素早く軟化するため、材料がプローブを回り込んで後方へスムーズに流動するようになり、それに伴って回転工具が移動する際にかかる抵抗が抑えられるようになったことで、摩擦撹拌接合によって被加工物同士を高速で接合することが可能になった。
また、本発明によれば、被加工物に対する加熱領域を任意に設定し、例えば回転工具のプローブ部分の径よりも十分に小さくすることで、熱影響を受けて接合部の品質が低下するのを防止することができる。更に、加熱領域を回転工具の回転方向側にしたり、同位置の加熱温度を相対的に上げるように部分的に変化させるなど、加熱を設定することで、プローブの周りを回る材料が流動する範囲を効率良く広げ、そのことにより最大の流速を下げることで、材料の流動による応力や荷重などを低減することができる。 Therefore, according to the present invention, when the rotary tool is moved along the joint portion of the workpiece, the portion immediately before the rotary tool moves is heated, so that the joint portion is preheated. As a result, the material quickly softens due to the friction stir action of the rotating tool, so that the material flows smoothly around the probe, and the resistance applied when the rotating tool moves is reduced accordingly. As a result, the workpieces can be joined at high speed by friction stir welding.
In addition, according to the present invention, the heating area for the workpiece is arbitrarily set, and for example, by sufficiently making it smaller than the diameter of the probe portion of the rotary tool, the quality of the joint is deteriorated under the influence of heat. Can be prevented. Furthermore, the range in which the material that flows around the probe flows by setting the heating, such as changing the heating area to the rotation direction side of the rotary tool or partially changing the heating temperature at the same position to be relatively increased. Can be efficiently spread, thereby reducing the maximum flow velocity, thereby reducing stress and load due to material flow.

次に、本発明に係る摩擦撹拌接合装置及び摩擦撹拌接合方法の一実施形態について、図面を参照しながら以下に説明する。図１は、本実施形態の摩擦撹拌接合装置を概念的に示した図である。この摩擦撹拌接合装置は、被加工物として２枚のアルミニウム合金プレート（以下、単に「プレート」と記す）２１０，２２０を図示するように側面を突き合わせて並べ、その接合部２００を摩擦撹拌溶接するものである。   Next, an embodiment of a friction stir welding apparatus and a friction stir welding method according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram conceptually showing the friction stir welding apparatus of the present embodiment. In this friction stir welding apparatus, two aluminum alloy plates (hereinafter, simply referred to as “plates”) 210 and 220 as workpieces are arranged side by side as illustrated, and the joint 200 is friction stir welded. Is.

回転工具１は、回転体１１の先端にピン状のプローブ１２が突出したものであり、回転しながら接合部２００に沿って直線的に移動するように設けられている。回転体１１とプローブ１２とは、被加工物であるプレート２１０，２２０よりも硬質の材料で形成されている。そして、回転工具１が移動するその直前部分においてプレート２１０，２２０を加熱するため加熱手段が設けられている。本実施形態では、加熱手段としてＹＡＧレーザ等のレーザ発振器（図示せず）が設けられている。プレート２１０，２２０を加熱するための熱源となるレーザ光１０は、不図示のレーザ発振器から出力され、図示するように反射ミラー２で反射し、移動する回転工具１の直前の加熱領域Ｐに常に照射されるようになっている。   The rotary tool 1 has a pin-like probe 12 protruding from the tip of a rotating body 11 and is provided so as to move linearly along the joint 200 while rotating. The rotating body 11 and the probe 12 are made of a material harder than the plates 210 and 220 that are workpieces. A heating means is provided to heat the plates 210 and 220 immediately before the rotary tool 1 moves. In this embodiment, a laser oscillator (not shown) such as a YAG laser is provided as a heating means. The laser beam 10 serving as a heat source for heating the plates 210 and 220 is output from a laser oscillator (not shown), reflected by the reflection mirror 2 as shown, and always in the heating region P immediately before the rotating tool 1 that moves. Irradiated.

本実施形態の摩擦撹拌接合装置では、反射ミラー２を矢印で示すように操作棒１３によって前後方向の位置や左右の傾きを調整できるようになっており、この反射ミラー２などの光学系によって、レーザ光１０が照射される加熱領域Ｐを任意に設定することができるようになっている。
また、摩擦撹拌接合装置には赤外線温度計３が設けられ、加熱領域Ｐの加熱温度を検出するようにしている。そして、こうした回転工具１、不図示のレーザ発振器、反射ミラー２や赤外線温度計３などは、回転工具１のプレート２１０，２２０に対する移動に連動して移動するように構成されている。 In the friction stir welding apparatus of this embodiment, the position of the front-rear direction and the left-right inclination can be adjusted by the operation rod 13 as indicated by the arrow of the reflection mirror 2, and the optical system such as the reflection mirror 2 The heating region P irradiated with the laser beam 10 can be arbitrarily set.
The friction stir welding apparatus is provided with an infrared thermometer 3 so as to detect the heating temperature of the heating region P. The rotary tool 1, a laser oscillator (not shown), the reflection mirror 2, the infrared thermometer 3, and the like are configured to move in conjunction with the movement of the rotary tool 1 relative to the plates 210 and 220.

そして、こうした本実施形態の摩擦撹拌接合装置では、次のような摩擦撹拌接合方法によって撹拌摩擦溶接が行われる。
先ず、回転工具１が駆動し、回転するプローブ１２をプレート２１０，２２０の接合部２００に挿入し、そのままＦ方向に回転工具１を移動させる。このとき不図示のレーザ発振器から出力されたレーザ光１０は、プレート２１０，２２０に対して回転工具１の進行方向直前の加熱領域Ｐに照射される。そのため、プレート２１０，２２０はレーザ光１０によって加熱領域Ｐが加熱される。 And in such a friction stir welding apparatus of this embodiment, stirring friction welding is performed by the following friction stir welding methods.
First, the rotary tool 1 is driven, the rotating probe 12 is inserted into the joint portion 200 of the plates 210 and 220, and the rotary tool 1 is moved in the F direction as it is. At this time, the laser beam 10 output from a laser oscillator (not shown) is applied to the heating region P immediately before the rotating tool 1 in the traveling direction with respect to the plates 210 and 220. Therefore, the heating region P of the plates 210 and 220 is heated by the laser beam 10.

すなわち、摩擦撹拌接合装置による摩擦撹拌接合方法では、プレート２１０，２２０の接合部２００に予め熱が入れられ、プローブ１２によって軟化し易いようにされる。そのため、そこに回転しながら回転工具１が進入すると、プレート２１０，２２０は、プローブ１２との摩擦熱により接合部２００が発熱して軟化し、塑性流動してできた可塑性材によって固相接合される。すなわち、プローブ１２の応力が作用する接合部分は、プレート２１０，２２０が熱と応力とによって軟化して撹拌され、プローブ１２が移動することによって軟化撹拌部分が押しのけられ周りから後方に回り込むようにして流動し、そのプローブ１２が通った後の隙間が塞がれて溶接接続される。   That is, in the friction stir welding method using the friction stir welding apparatus, heat is preliminarily applied to the joints 200 of the plates 210 and 220 so that the probe 12 is easily softened. For this reason, when the rotary tool 1 enters while rotating there, the plates 210 and 220 are solid-phase bonded by a plastic material formed by plastic flow caused by the joint 200 being heated and softened by frictional heat with the probe 12. The That is, in the joint portion where the stress of the probe 12 acts, the plates 210 and 220 are softened and stirred by heat and stress, and the softened stirring portion is pushed away by moving the probe 12 so that the plate 12 and 220 are moved from the periphery to the rear. It flows and the gap after the probe 12 passes is closed and welded.

よって、本実施形態では、こうしてレーザ光１０の照射によって被加工物の接合部分に予め熱を入れるようにしたため、プローブ１２の回転エネルギを受けて材料が素早く軟化するようになり、撹拌も早く、プローブ１２の後方への回り込み流動もスムーズになった。従って、プローブ１２が接合部２００に沿って移動する際の抵抗が抑えられ、回転工具１の移動速度を速めることができるようになった。つまり、被加工物同士を摩擦撹拌溶接するための加工時間の短縮になり、生産効率が向上した。   Therefore, in this embodiment, since the heat is preliminarily applied to the joint portion of the workpiece by irradiation with the laser beam 10, the material is quickly softened by receiving the rotational energy of the probe 12, and the stirring is fast. The flow around the probe 12 toward the rear also became smooth. Therefore, resistance when the probe 12 moves along the joint 200 is suppressed, and the moving speed of the rotary tool 1 can be increased. That is, the processing time for friction stir welding between workpieces is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved.

ここで図２は、レーザ光の加熱領域Ｐの位置を示した図である。回転工具１は、右回転しながら矢印Ｆ方向に移動しており、その回転工具１が通過した後方に接合部２００に沿って溶接部２３０が形成されていく。
ところで、回転工具１によって軟化したプレート２１０，２２０の材料は、撹拌されて次のように流動する。つまり、接合部分を進行方向（矢印Ｆ）に見た場合、接合部２００の右側にあるプレート２２０の材料の一部は回転工具１の回転によってそのまま後方に流れる。一方、接合部２００の左側にあるプレート２１０の材料は、その一部が接合部２００を越えて右側へと移動し、プローブ１２を回り込んで後方に流れる。 Here, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the position of the heating region P of the laser beam. The rotary tool 1 moves in the direction of arrow F while rotating clockwise, and a welded portion 230 is formed along the joint portion 200 behind the rotary tool 1.
By the way, the materials of the plates 210 and 220 softened by the rotary tool 1 are stirred and flow as follows. That is, when the joining portion is viewed in the traveling direction (arrow F), part of the material of the plate 220 on the right side of the joining portion 200 flows rearward as it is due to the rotation of the rotary tool 1. On the other hand, a part of the material of the plate 210 on the left side of the joint portion 200 moves to the right side beyond the joint portion 200, flows around the probe 12, and flows backward.

また、レーザ光による加熱領域Ｐの加熱幅は、被加工物を直接摩擦撹拌するプローブ１２の径に対して十分小さいことが望ましい。摩擦撹拌溶接では、被加工物の材料が高温になることで軟化して流動するようになるが、その際、入熱量が大き過ぎると被加工物の再結晶温度を超える領域が広がってしまうからである。更に、被加工物がアルミニウム合金の場合、塑性流動には約５００〜５５０℃を超える程度が好ましいが、入熱量が大き過ぎてしまうと熱影響を受けて品質が低下してしまうからである。   Further, it is desirable that the heating width of the heating region P by the laser beam is sufficiently small with respect to the diameter of the probe 12 that directly frictionally stirs the workpiece. In friction stir welding, the material of the work piece softens and flows as the material of the work becomes high temperature, but if the amount of heat input is too large, the region exceeding the recrystallization temperature of the work piece will spread. It is. Furthermore, when the work piece is an aluminum alloy, it is preferable that the plastic flow exceeds about 500 to 550 ° C. However, if the heat input amount is too large, the quality is deteriorated due to thermal influence.

そこで、摩擦撹拌接合装置は、被加工物に対する加熱領域Ｐを任意に設定して加熱するようにしているが、そのため軟化流動する材料の移動や入熱及び摩擦撹拌による被加工物の温度を考慮してレーザ光１０による加熱領域Ｐが決定される。本実施形態では、図２に示すようにレーザ光１０による加熱領域Ｐの位置や範囲、加熱温度などを次のように設定した。すなわち加熱領域Ｐは、回転工具１の回転方向側、つまりプローブ１２の進行方向に見て接合部２００の右側に設定し、更にその加熱領域Ｐの幅をプローブ１２の直径の約１／２にした。   Therefore, the friction stir welding apparatus is configured to arbitrarily set the heating region P for the workpiece and to heat it. Therefore, the movement and heat input of the softening and flowing material and the temperature of the workpiece due to friction stirring are taken into consideration. Thus, the heating region P by the laser beam 10 is determined. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the position and range of the heating region P by the laser beam 10 and the heating temperature are set as follows. That is, the heating region P is set on the rotation direction side of the rotary tool 1, that is, on the right side of the joint 200 as viewed in the traveling direction of the probe 12, and the width of the heating region P is set to about ½ of the diameter of the probe 12. did.

なお、回転工具１の進行方向直前部分を、プローブと材料との接触の相対速度が大きい側（Advancing Side）と、プローブと材料との接触の相対速度が小さい側（Retreating Side ）とに分けて見た場合、回転工具１の回転方向側、本実施形態でいえば接合部２００の右側がRetreating Side になる。また、そうした加熱領域Ｐは２００℃〜２５０℃の温度で加熱するように、レーザ光１０の出力が設定されて照射される。
加熱領域Ｐにおける加熱温度は赤外線温度計３によって検出される。そして、その検出信号を受けた不図示のコントローラによってレーザ光１０の出力がフィードバック制御され、加熱領域Ｐにおける加熱温度が調節される。 The part immediately before the direction of travel of the rotary tool 1 is divided into a side where the relative speed of contact between the probe and the material is large (Advancing Side) and a side where the relative speed of contact between the probe and the material is small (Retreating Side). When viewed, the rotational direction side of the rotary tool 1, in the present embodiment, the right side of the joint 200 is the Retreating Side. Further, the heating region P is irradiated with the output of the laser beam 10 set so as to be heated at a temperature of 200 ° C. to 250 ° C.
The heating temperature in the heating region P is detected by the infrared thermometer 3. The output of the laser beam 10 is feedback-controlled by a controller (not shown) that has received the detection signal, and the heating temperature in the heating region P is adjusted.

図３は、本実施形態による摩擦撹拌溶接を行った場合の温度分布を示した図である。接合部２００部分のプレート２１０，２２０の材料は、プローブ１２の周りの流動領域２４０部分が摩擦熱によっ軟化して流動している。図２に示すように、プローブ１２の回転方向側（Retreating Side ）の加熱領域Ｐにレーザ光１０を照射して加熱しているため、図示するように流動領域２４０は接合部２００を挟んで回転方向側（図面下側）の幅が広く、流動し易くなっていることが分かる。そのため、プローブ１２の周りを回る材料が流動する範囲が効率良く広がり、最大の流速を下げることができ、これら応力や荷重などを低減することに寄与する。
また、図２に示すように、加熱領域Ｐを小さくして入熱量を押さえているため、再結晶温度に相当する約３００℃を超える範囲を狭くすることができた。 FIG. 3 is a view showing a temperature distribution when the friction stir welding according to the present embodiment is performed. The material of the plates 210 and 220 of the joint portion 200 is flowing because the flow region 240 portion around the probe 12 is softened by frictional heat. As shown in FIG. 2, the heating region P on the rotating side of the probe 12 (Retreating Side) is heated by irradiating the laser beam 10, so that the flow region 240 rotates with the joint 200 interposed therebetween as shown in the figure. It can be seen that the width on the direction side (lower side of the drawing) is wide and easy to flow. Therefore, the range in which the material that flows around the probe 12 flows efficiently spreads, the maximum flow velocity can be lowered, and this contributes to reducing these stresses and loads.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, since the heat input is suppressed by reducing the heating region P, the range exceeding about 300 ° C. corresponding to the recrystallization temperature could be narrowed.

ところで、前記実施形態では、接合部２００を挟んで回転工具１の回転方向側（Retreating Side ）のみを加熱領域Ｐとし、更にその範囲全体をほぼ均一な温度で加熱するように設定した。しかし、これは本発明の目的である被加工物同士の高速接合を実現するために好適と考えられる一例である。そのため、この他にも例えば図４に示す加熱領域Ｐ´での加熱も好適な例として提案することができる。   By the way, in the said embodiment, only the rotation direction side (Retreating Side) of the rotary tool 1 was set as the heating area | region P on both sides of the junction part 200, and also the whole range was set so that it might be heated at a substantially uniform temperature. However, this is an example that is considered suitable for realizing high-speed bonding between workpieces, which is the object of the present invention. Therefore, in addition to this, for example, heating in the heating region P ′ shown in FIG. 4 can be proposed as a suitable example.

本例は、接合部２００を挟んでAdvancing Side（プレート２１０側）とRetreating Side （プレート２２０側）とに、ほぼ対称的になるように加熱領域Ｐ´が設定され、そこにレーザ光１０が照射される。ただし、はAdvancing Sideの加熱領域Ｐ１とRetreating Side の加熱領域Ｐ２との加熱温度が変化するように入熱量が調節される。
図１に示す本実施形態の摩擦撹拌接合装置では、不図示のレーザ発振器から出力されたレーザ光１０の照射スポットを、反射ミラー２の操作によって走査線のように移動させて加熱領域Ｐ´に照射する。 In this example, a heating region P ′ is set so as to be substantially symmetrical on the Advancing Side (plate 210 side) and the Retreating Side (plate 220 side) with the joint portion 200 interposed therebetween, and the laser beam 10 is irradiated there. Is done. However, the amount of heat input is adjusted so that the heating temperatures of the heating area P1 of the Advancing Side and the heating area P2 of the Retreating Side change.
In the friction stir welding apparatus of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the irradiation spot of the laser beam 10 output from a laser oscillator (not shown) is moved like a scanning line by operating the reflection mirror 2 to enter the heating region P ′. Irradiate.

そこで、Advancing SideよりRetreating Side の方に入熱量が多くなるように、反射ミラー２の操作によって加熱領域Ｐ１における照射スポットの移動速度を加熱領域Ｐ２よりも速くしたり、照射密度を加熱領域Ｐ１側を疎にして加熱領域Ｐ２側を密にする。
よって、こうしてレーザ光１０の照射によって被加工物の接合部分に予め熱を入れるようにしたため、プローブ１２の回転エネルギを受けて材料が素早く軟化するようになり、撹拌も早く、プローブ１２の後方への回り込み流動もスムーズになった。従って、プローブ１２が接合部２００に沿って移動する際の抵抗が抑えられ、回転工具１の移動速度を速めることができるようになった。つまり、被加工物同士を摩擦撹拌溶接するための加工時間の短縮になり、生産効率が向上した。 Therefore, the moving speed of the irradiation spot in the heating region P1 is made faster than that in the heating region P2 by operating the reflection mirror 2 so that the amount of heat input is larger in the Retreating Side than in the Advancing Side. To make the heating region P2 side dense.
Therefore, since the heat is preliminarily applied to the joint portion of the workpiece by irradiation with the laser beam 10 in this way, the material is quickly softened by receiving the rotational energy of the probe 12, and the stirring is fast, and the probe 12 is moved backward. The wraparound flow became smooth. Therefore, resistance when the probe 12 moves along the joint 200 is suppressed, and the moving speed of the rotary tool 1 can be increased. That is, the processing time for friction stir welding between workpieces is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved.

以上、本発明の一実施形態について説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されることなくその趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で様々な変更が可能である。
例えば、前記実施形態では加熱領域Ｐを加熱するための加熱手段としてレーザ発振器を使用したが、この他に電磁誘導等を使用することも考えられる。
また、被加工物の加熱領域やその領域内での加熱温度分布は図２や図４に示すものに限られず、被加工物同士の高速接合に好適なものであればその加熱方法であってもよい。 As mentioned above, although one Embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to this, A various change is possible in the range which does not deviate from the meaning.
For example, the laser oscillator is used as the heating means for heating the heating region P in the above embodiment, but it is also conceivable to use electromagnetic induction or the like in addition to this.
In addition, the heating region of the workpiece and the heating temperature distribution in the region are not limited to those shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, and any heating method suitable for high-speed bonding between workpieces can be used. Also good.

摩擦撹拌接合装置の一実施形態を概念的に示した図である。It is the figure which showed one Embodiment of the friction stir welding apparatus notionally. レーザ光による加熱領域を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the heating area | region by a laser beam. 摩擦撹拌接合方法を実施した場合の温度分布を示した図である。It is the figure which showed temperature distribution at the time of implementing a friction stir welding method. レーザ光による加熱領域について他の例を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the other example about the heating area | region by a laser beam. 従来の摩擦撹拌接合方法を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the conventional friction stir welding method.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 回転体
２ 反射ミラー
３ 赤外線温度計
１０ レーザ光
２００ 接合部
２１０，２２０ アルミニウム合金プレート
Ｐ 加熱領域 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rotating body 2 Reflecting mirror 3 Infrared thermometer 10 Laser beam 200 Joint part 210,220 Aluminum alloy plate P Heating area

Claims (12)

被加工物同士を突き合わせた接合部に回転工具を回転させながら挿入し、そのまま接合部に沿って当該回転工具を移動させることにより、摩擦熱で被加工物同士を接合する摩擦撹拌接合装置において、
接合部に沿って移動する前記回転工具の移動直前部分にて被加工物を加熱する加熱手段を有することを特徴とする摩擦撹拌接合装置。 In a friction stir welding apparatus that joins workpieces with frictional heat by inserting the rotating tool into a joint where the workpieces are butted together while rotating, and moving the rotary tool along the joint as it is,
A friction stir welding apparatus comprising heating means for heating a workpiece at a portion immediately before the movement of the rotary tool that moves along the joint. 請求項１に記載する摩擦撹拌接合装置において、
前記加熱手段は、前記被加工物に対する加熱領域を任意に設定して加熱するものであることを特徴とする摩擦撹拌接合装置。 In the friction stir welding apparatus according to claim 1,
The friction stir welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heating means heats the workpiece by arbitrarily setting a heating area. 請求項２に記載する摩擦撹拌接合装置において、
前記加熱手段は、前記加熱領域を前記回転工具のプローブ部分の径よりも十分に小さくして加熱するようにしたものであることを特徴とする摩擦撹拌接合装置。 In the friction stir welding apparatus according to claim 2,
The friction stir welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heating means heats the heating region with a diameter sufficiently smaller than a diameter of a probe portion of the rotary tool. 請求項２又は請求項３に記載する摩擦撹拌接合装置において、
前記加熱手段は、前記加熱領域を接合部に対して主に前記回転工具の回転方向側にして加熱するようにしたものであることを特徴とする摩擦撹拌接合装置。 In the friction stir welding apparatus according to claim 2 or 3,
The friction stir welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heating means is configured to heat the heating region with respect to the joining portion mainly on the rotation direction side of the rotary tool. 請求項１乃至請求項４のいずれかに記載する摩擦撹拌接合装置において、
前記加熱手段は、前記被加工物に対する加熱領域の加熱温度を部分的に変化させるようにしたものであることを特徴とする摩擦撹拌接合装置。 In the friction stir welding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The friction stir welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heating means is configured to partially change a heating temperature of a heating region for the workpiece. 請求項１乃至請求項５のいずれかに記載する摩擦撹拌接合装置において、
前記加熱手段は、レーザ発振器と、そのレーザ発振器から出力されたレーザ光を前記加熱領域に導く光学系とを有するものであることを特徴とする摩擦撹拌接合装置。 In the friction stir welding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The friction stir welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heating means includes a laser oscillator and an optical system that guides laser light output from the laser oscillator to the heating region. 被加工物同士を突き合わせた接合部に回転工具を回転させながら挿入し、そのまま接合部に沿って当該回転工具を移動させることにより、摩擦熱で被加工物同士を接合する摩擦撹拌接合方法において、
接合部に沿って移動する前記回転工具の移動直前部分を加熱領域として前記被加工物を加熱するようにしたことを特徴とする摩擦撹拌接合方法。 In the friction stir welding method for joining workpieces with frictional heat by inserting the rotating tool into the joint where the workpieces are butted together while rotating, and moving the rotary tool as it is along the joint,
The friction stir welding method, wherein the workpiece is heated using a portion immediately before the rotary tool moving along the joint as a heating region. 請求項７に記載する摩擦撹拌接合方法において、
前記被加工物に対する加熱領域を任意に設定して加熱するようにしたことを特徴とする摩擦撹拌接合方法。 In the friction stir welding method according to claim 7,
A friction stir welding method, wherein a heating region for the workpiece is arbitrarily set and heated. 請求項８に記載する摩擦撹拌接合方法において、
前記加熱領域を前記回転工具のプローブ部分の径よりも十分に小さくなるようにしたことを特徴とする摩擦撹拌接合方法。 In the friction stir welding method according to claim 8,
The friction stir welding method, wherein the heating region is made sufficiently smaller than the diameter of the probe portion of the rotary tool. 請求項８又は請求項９に記載する摩擦撹拌接合方法において、
前記加熱領域を前記回転工具の回転方向側にしたことを特徴とする摩擦撹拌接合方法。 In the friction stir welding method according to claim 8 or 9,
The friction stir welding method according to claim 1, wherein the heating region is on the rotational direction side of the rotary tool. 請求項７乃至請求項１０のいずれかに記載する摩擦撹拌接合方法において、
前記被加工物に対する加熱領域の加熱温度を部分的に変化させるようにしたことを特徴とする摩擦撹拌接合方法。 In the friction stir welding method according to any one of claims 7 to 10,
A friction stir welding method, wherein a heating temperature of a heating region for the workpiece is partially changed. 請求項７乃至請求項１１のいずれかに記載する摩擦撹拌接合方法において、
レーザ発振器から出力されたレーザ光を光学系の操作によって前記加熱領域に導いて前記被加工物を加熱するようにしたことを特徴とする摩擦撹拌接合方法。 In the friction stir welding method according to any one of claims 7 to 11,
A friction stir welding method, wherein a laser beam output from a laser oscillator is guided to the heating region by operating an optical system to heat the workpiece.
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