CN111804910B - Friction stir forging additive manufacturing method and device for nano reinforced matrix composite - Google Patents
Friction stir forging additive manufacturing method and device for nano reinforced matrix composite Download PDFInfo
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- CN111804910B CN111804910B CN202010611032.0A CN202010611032A CN111804910B CN 111804910 B CN111804910 B CN 111804910B CN 202010611032 A CN202010611032 A CN 202010611032A CN 111804910 B CN111804910 B CN 111804910B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
- B22F1/142—Thermal or thermo-mechanical treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/093—Compacting only using vibrations or friction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/17—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
Abstract
The invention relates to a friction stir forging additive manufacturing device for a nano reinforced matrix composite, which comprises four parts, namely a friction stir additive main shaft, an isothermal forging mechanism, a gantry type frame and a workbench; the stirring friction additive manufacturing main shaft is used for realizing mixing, preheating and feeding of powder or granular materials, performing friction extrusion on the materials output by the feeding hole, and realizing additive forming manufacturing layer by layer on a base body by utilizing friction heat and pressure; the isothermal forging mechanism is used for realizing isothermal forging and micro-shaping of the additive layer; the gantry type frame is used for fixing the friction stir main shaft and the isothermal forging mechanism and realizing the feeding and the swing angle adjustment of the friction stir main shaft and the isothermal forging mechanism along the Y axis and the Z axis; the working table is used for fixing the base body and realizing the feeding of the base body along the X axis. The invention can realize the efficient high-quality additive manufacturing of light alloy powder materials or granular materials and has the advantages of higher efficiency, simple and convenient operation and lower energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a friction stir forging additive manufacturing method and device for a nano reinforced matrix composite material.
Background
In recent years, global emphasis is placed on the development of additive manufacturing technology, and metal additive manufacturing is recognized as a serious game for 3D printing. Common metal additive manufacturing methods include laser, electron beam and arc additive manufacturing, but there are many problems in the additive technology of light alloys. Due to the reasons of large linear expansion coefficient, high thermal conductivity and the like of the light alloy, when the material is added by laser, the forming rate is slow, the light reflectivity is high, the energy utilization rate is high, the deformation is large and the like; when electron beams are used for material increase, the size of a part is limited, and the deformation is large; and during arc material increase, the component is seriously deformed, the size is difficult to control, and the like.
Jeffrey Patrick Schultz et al propose a solid phase additive manufacturing process for depositing a metal powder material or a bar material by using friction and pressure without melting based on the stir friction welding build-up welding principle, wherein the additive process is similar to friction stir welding multilayer overlapping and is a spatial overlapping process, and comprises transverse additive perpendicular to the overlapping direction and additive parallel to the material thickness direction, however, the structure performance of a stir friction welding overlap joint is closely related to the state of a bonding interface, so that interface distortion and cold overlapping defects are easy to occur, and the performance of the joint can be reduced. Similar to overlapping in the friction stir additive manufacturing process, corresponding defects may also occur, thereby affecting the structural properties of the additive material. And with the increase of the number of layers of the surfacing and the influence of repeated cyclic heating, the grain size of a stirring area of the additive layer is gradually increased from top to bottom, and the structure performance of the additive material is also influenced by the phenomenon of uneven grain size distribution.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a friction stir forging additive manufacturing method and device for a nano reinforcement matrix composite, which have the technical advantages of nano reinforcement technology, solid-phase welding, isothermal forging and additive manufacturing, realize efficient high-quality additive manufacturing of light alloy powder materials or granular materials, can obtain additive manufacturing forming parts with good integral forming effect, high interlayer bonding strength and uniform grain size distribution, and have the additive tissue material performance superior to that of a base material and even superior to that of a traditional forging piece, and the additive tissue material performance superior to that of the existing metal additive manufacturing process in the aspects of defect control and complex shape control.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows: a friction stir forging additive manufacturing device of a nano reinforced matrix composite material is characterized in that:
the device comprises a stirring friction material increase main shaft, an isothermal forging mechanism, a gantry type frame and a workbench;
the stirring friction material increase main shaft mainly comprises a hollow main shaft, a material mixing screw rod, a hollow servo motor, a base material powder/particle feeding pump, a base material powder/particle bin, an alternating current servo motor, a vibration exciter, a reinforced base material bin, a reinforced base material feeding pump and an induction heating coil; the stirring friction additive manufacturing main shaft is used for realizing mixing, preheating and feeding of powder or granular materials, performing friction extrusion on the materials output by the feeding hole, and realizing additive forming manufacturing layer by layer on a base body by utilizing friction heat and pressure;
the isothermal forging mechanism mainly comprises an isothermal forging die, a resistance wire, a linear bearing, a linear cam shaft, a speed increaser and an alternating current servo motor and is used for realizing isothermal forging and micro-shaping of an additive layer;
the gantry type frame mainly comprises a friction stir material increase main shaft fixing base, an isothermal forging mechanism fixing base, an indexing turntable, a guide rail, alternating current servo motors for feeding and driving shafts, and ball screws for feeding and driving the shafts, and is used for fixing the friction stir main shaft and the isothermal forging mechanism and realizing feeding and swing angle adjustment of the friction stir main shaft and the isothermal forging mechanism along a Y axis and a Z axis.
The workbench mainly comprises a tool table, an alternating current servo motor, a ball screw and a guide rail and is used for fixing the matrix and realizing the feeding of the matrix along the X axis.
Further, the friction stir material increase main shaft mainly comprises a hollow main shaft, a material mixing screw, a hollow servo motor, a base material powder/particle feeding pump, a base material powder/particle bin, a first alternating current servo motor, a vibration exciter, a reinforced base material bin, a reinforced base material feeding pump and an induction heating coil.
The hollow main shaft is fixed in the vertical direction through a deep groove ball bearing and a thrust bearing, the rotary motion of the hollow main shaft is driven by a hollow servo motor, the hollow servo motor is a hollow inner rotor motor, and a hollow servo motor rotor is in matched transmission through a hollow servo motor rotor-hollow main shaft spline pair. The output material is subjected to friction extrusion through the rotation of the hollow main shaft, and the layer-by-layer additive forming manufacturing is realized on the base body by utilizing friction heat and pressure.
The mixing screw rod is fixed in the vertical direction through a linear bearing, the rotation of the mixing screw rod is driven by an alternating current servo motor and is transmitted through the matching of a synchronous belt, a synchronous belt wheel and a synchronous belt-mixing screw rod spline pair. The vertical vibration of the mixing screw rod in the vertical direction is driven by a vibration exciter and is transmitted by the matching of a synchronous belt and a mixing screw rod spline pair. The powder is efficiently mixed with high quality by the rotation and the vertical vibration of the mixing screw rod, the rotation direction and the rotation speed of the mixing screw rod and the frequency of a vibration exciter can be adjusted according to the additive manufacturing effect, the rotation speed of the mixing screw rod is different from the rotation speed of the hollow main shaft, and the rotation direction of the mixing screw rod is opposite to the rotation direction of the hollow main shaft as the best mode, and the feeding mechanism comprises an air compressor, a feeding pump, a reinforced base material bin, a base material bin and a guide pipe;
under the drive of an air compressor, a base material powder/particle feeding pump and a reinforced base material feeding pump convey materials in a base material powder/particle bin and a reinforced base material bin to a cavity of the hollow main shaft through a guide pipe. The induction heating coil is mainly used for preheating the mixed material.
Further, the isothermal forging mechanism comprises an isothermal forging die, a resistance wire, a linear bearing, a linear camshaft, a speed increaser and a second alternating current servo motor;
the isothermal forging die is fixed in the vertical direction by a linear bearing, and the vertical reciprocating forging motion of the isothermal forging die in the vertical direction is driven by a second alternating current servo motor and is in matched transmission with a linear camshaft through a speed increaser; the heating and the heat preservation of the isothermal forging die are realized by resistance wires; the rotation motion of the second alternating current servo motor can be converted into the linear motion of the isothermal forging die by adopting the matching transmission of the speed increaser and the linear cam shaft, the speed increaser is used for improving the rotating speed of the linear cam shaft, namely, the forging frequency of the isothermal forging die is improved, and the forging acting force is reduced. Isothermal forging can enable the additive layer to be dynamically recrystallized, refine grains and improve the performance of the additive structure material.
Furthermore, the gantry type frame comprises a friction stir material increase main shaft fixing base, an isothermal forging mechanism fixing base, an indexing turntable, a guide rail, an alternating current servo motor for feeding and driving each shaft and a ball screw for feeding and driving each shaft.
Further, the workbench comprises a tooling table, a seventh alternating current servo motor, a guide rail and a ball screw; and the seventh alternating current servo motor drives the ball screw to realize the sliding of the workbench on the guide rail.
In addition, based on the friction stir forging additive manufacturing device of the nano reinforced matrix composite, the invention also provides a friction stir forging additive manufacturing method of the nano reinforced matrix composite, which is characterized in that:
1) clamping a base body on a tool table, and positioning a stirring friction additive manufacturing main shaft above a base body additive manufacturing starting point; the base material powder/particle feeding pump and the reinforced base material feeding pump convey materials in the base material powder/particle bin and the reinforced base material bin to a cavity of the hollow main shaft through a guide pipe, meanwhile, under the driving of the hollow servo motor and the vibration exciter, the mixing screw rod stirs, vibrates and mixes the powder in the cavity of the hollow main shaft, and the stirring, vibrating and mixing are continued until the material increase process is finished;
2) under the drive of the hollow servo motor, the hollow servo motor rotor drives the central control main shaft to rotate, and the rotating speed is 800-3000 r/min; the alternating current servo motor drives the stirring friction material increase main shaft to move downwards, stirring teeth and a shaft shoulder of the central control main shaft are inserted into the matrix, the pressing amount of the shaft shoulder is 0-0.2 mm, and the stirring teeth and the shaft shoulder continuously stir, rub and preheat the material increase initial point for 2-5 seconds; meanwhile, the induction heating mechanism works to preheat the material at the material output channel, and the preheating temperature reaches 20-60% of the solidus temperature of the parent metal; driving the isothermal forging mechanism to move downwards to a position, which is 0.1-0.5 mm away from the upper surface of the base body, of the isothermal forging die by using the alternating-current servo motor, and preparing for forging;
3) the method comprises the following steps that a hollow main shaft material output hole continuously outputs mixed materials, a friction stir additive main shaft is driven by an alternating current servo motor to feed in the Y-axis and Z-axis directions, a tool table is driven to feed in the X-axis direction, the friction stir additive main shaft moves on a base body according to a preset additive path, in the additive process, the mixed materials and the base material reach a plasticized state under the friction stir action of stirring teeth and a shaft shoulder, and metallurgical bonding and dynamic recrystallization are generated between the mixed materials and the base material to form an additive layer; and simultaneously, the isothermal forging mechanism starts to work, isothermal forging is carried out on the material structure of the additive layer, the forging deformation amount is 0.1-0.5 mm, the forging frequency is 30-120 times/min, and the forging acting force is 10-100 kN, so that the single-layer additive layer stacking is completed.
4) According to the working procedures, after one additive layer is stacked, the friction stir main shaft and the isothermal forging mechanism move upwards by 0.1-0.5 mm in the Z-axis direction in an equal displacement mode, and friction stir forging additive layer by layer is carried out on the surface of the additive layer until the required additive shape and size are achieved.
Furthermore, the stirring teeth are used for stirring and crushing the surface of the base material or the surface of the material of the previous additive layer in the stirring friction forging additive manufacturing process, so that the new additive material tissue and the material of the previous additive layer are metallurgically bonded, a new additive layer is formed, and the interlayer bonding quality between each additive layer is ensured. The geometric structure of the stirring teeth can also be a radial type scattering point cylinder, a radial type scattering point circular table, a radial type trapezoid tooth or the like.
Furthermore, the reinforcing base powder is a multi-walled carbon nanotube, a graphene nanosheet or titanium powder, the granularity is 300-2000 meshes, the base material is metal material powder or particles such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and copper alloy, the granularity is 300-2000 meshes or 1 mm-5 mm particles, and the reinforcing base powder accounts for 1-10% of the volume ratio.
Further, if the additive path in step 3) contains a space curve, the feeding direction of the swing angle synthesis X, Y, Z of the friction stir additive spindle and the isothermal forging mechanism is adjusted through the indexing turntable.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention has good forming effect and small forming force. The forming part of the AC servo stirring friction forging additive manufacturing device has the technical advantages of nano reinforcement technology, solid-phase welding, isothermal forging and additive manufacturing, realizes efficient high-quality additive manufacturing of light alloy powder materials or particles, can obtain the additive manufacturing forming part with good integral forming effect, high interlayer bonding strength and uniform grain size distribution, has the material performance of an additive tissue material superior to that of a base material and even superior to that of a traditional forging piece, and is superior to that of the existing metal additive manufacturing process in the aspects of defect control and complex appearance control;
(2) the service life of the equipment is long, and the production efficiency is high. The friction stir forging additive manufacturing process does not need to additionally input heat sources such as laser, electron beams and electric arcs, and additive manufacturing and micro-shaping of a formed piece are realized by means of friction, pressure and isothermal forging; according to the invention, the stirring teeth are used for replacing a stirring pin of the traditional friction stir welding to carry out stirring friction, and the interlayer junction surface is crushed in the process of stacking layer by layer, so that dynamic recrystallization is generated, the interlayer junction quality of the additive is improved, the friction loss of the stirring head is effectively reduced, the process degree of the friction stir surfacing welding is reduced, and the service life of the stirring head is prolonged; the alternating-current servo friction stir forging material increasing device is reasonably provided with the friction stir main shaft and the isothermal forging mechanism, realizes the integrated, automatic and continuous production of friction stir material increasing and isothermal forging, effectively reduces the production cost and improves the production efficiency;
(3) and (4) dispersing the multi-power. The rotary motion of a hollow main shaft, the rotary motion of a mixing screw rod, the forging motion of an isothermal forging die, the feed motion of a stirring friction material-adding main shaft, an isothermal forging mechanism and a workbench are respectively realized by adopting seven alternating current servo motors, the scale of a transmission mechanism can be reduced compared with a single power source, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, the price of three lower-power motors for the rotary motion of the hollow main shaft, the rotary motion of the mixing screw rod and the forging motion of the isothermal forging die is lower than that of a single high-power motor, the structural form is simpler, the rotary motions of the hollow main shaft and the mixing screw rod are respectively controlled by different power sources, and the hollow main shaft and the mixing screw rod are controlled to rotate in the same direction or in the opposite direction, so that differential mixing is realized and the speed of outputting;
(4) and (6) servo electric direct drive. This exchange servo rivet punching device has abandoned traditional hydraulic drive and air pressure transmission, servo motor's precision is high, the response is fast, high speed performance is good, anti-overload capacity is strong, and be less than the steady operation, can satisfy friction stir forging vibration material increase to the rotational speed, feed rate, forge the requirement of technological parameter variation range such as deformation volume and forging frequency, the forging and pressing motion of isothermal forging mould is realized to motor cooperation speed increaser, can effectively improve the forging and forging frequency, reduce the forging and pressing effort, thereby the accurate control forges the deformation volume, mechanical efficiency is improved, the fault rate is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an additive friction stir forging apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a gantry of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the table of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a structural view of a friction stir additive spindle of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a structural view of an isothermal forging mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the spindle shoulder for friction stir rivet welding according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the friction stir forging additive process of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate: 1. a stirring friction additive spindle 101, a shaft shoulder 102, a hollow spindle 103, a deep groove ball bearing 104, a mixing screw 105, a hollow servo motor 106, a hollow servo motor stator 107, a hollow servo motor rotor 108, a parent metal powder/particle feeding pump 109, a parent metal powder/particle bin 110, a synchronous belt 111, a first alternating current servo motor 112, a vibration exciter 113, a synchronous belt pulley 114, a linear bearing 115, a synchronous belt pulley-mixing screw spline pair 116, a reinforced base material bin 117, a reinforced base material feeding pump 118, a thrust bearing 119, a hollow servo motor rotor-hollow spindle spline pair 120, an induction heating coil 121, a feeding hole 122 and a stirring tooth,
2. isothermal forging mechanism 201, isothermal forging die 202, resistance wire 203, linear bearing 204, linear camshaft 205, speed increaser 206, second AC servo motor,
3. a gantry type frame 301, a friction stir material increase main shaft fixing base 302, an isothermal forging mechanism fixing base 303, an indexing turntable 304, a roller screw I, a roller screw 305, a third alternating current servo motor 306, a fourth alternating current servo motor 307, a fifth alternating current servo motor 308, a guide rail I,
4. a workbench 401, a tooling table 402, a sixth AC servo motor 403, a second guide rail 404, a second ball screw,
5. base body, 6, additive layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, the friction stir forging additive manufacturing device for the nano reinforced matrix composite material comprises four parts, namely a friction stir additive main shaft 1, an isothermal forging mechanism 2, a gantry type frame 3 and a workbench 4.
Referring to fig. 4, 6 and 7, the friction stir additive spindle 1 mainly includes a hollow spindle 102, a mixing screw 104, a hollow servo motor 105, a base material powder/particle feeding pump 108, a base material powder/particle bin 109, a first ac servo motor 111 (rotary driving of the mixing screw), a vibration exciter 112, a reinforcing base material bin 116, a reinforcing base material feeding pump 117, and an induction heating coil 120;
the hollow main shaft 102 is fixed in the vertical direction by a deep groove ball bearing 103 and a thrust bearing 118, the rotary motion of the hollow main shaft 102 is driven by a hollow servo motor 105, the hollow servo motor 105 is a hollow inner rotor motor, and a hollow servo motor rotor 107 is in matched transmission through a hollow servo motor rotor-hollow main shaft spline pair 119. Through the rotation of the hollow main shaft 102, the material output by the feeding hole 121 is subjected to friction extrusion, and the layer-by-layer additive forming manufacturing is realized on the base body 5 by using friction heat and pressure;
the mixing screw 104 is fixed in the vertical direction by a linear bearing 114, and the rotation of the mixing screw 104 is driven by a first alternating current servo motor 111 and is in matched transmission through a synchronous belt 110, a synchronous belt wheel 113 and a synchronous belt-mixing screw spline pair 115. The vertical up-and-down vibration of the mixing screw 104 is driven by a vibration exciter 112 and is driven by a synchronous belt-mixing screw spline pair 115 in a matching way. Efficient and high-quality mixing of the powder is performed through rotation and up-and-down vibration of the mixing screw 104, the rotation direction, the rotation speed and the frequency of the vibration exciter 112 of the mixing screw 104 can be adjusted according to the additive manufacturing effect, the rotation speed of the mixing screw 104 must be different from the rotation speed of the hollow spindle 102, and the rotation direction of the mixing screw 104 is opposite to the rotation direction of the hollow spindle 102 as the best condition;
the powder feeding is realized by driving a parent metal powder/particle feeding pump 108 and a reinforced base material feeding pump 117 by an air compressor respectively to convey the materials in a parent metal powder/particle bin 109 and a reinforced base material bin 116 to the cavity of the hollow main shaft 102 through a conduit;
the induction heating coil 120 is used for preheating the mixed powder material, so that the requirements of the friction stir forging additive manufacturing process are met, and the additive manufacturing efficiency is improved.
Referring to fig. 5 and 7, the isothermal forging mechanism mainly comprises an isothermal forging die 201, a resistance wire 202, a linear bearing 203, a linear camshaft 204, a speed increaser 205, and a second ac servo motor 206 (driven by forging the die). The isothermal forging die 201 is fixed in the vertical direction through a linear bearing 203, and the vertical reciprocating forging motion of the isothermal forging die 201 in the vertical direction is driven by a second alternating current servo motor 206 and is in matched transmission through a speed increaser 205 and a linear cam shaft 204. The heating and heat preservation of the isothermal forging die 201 are realized by means of the resistance wire 202. The rotation motion of the second alternating current servo motor 206 can be converted into the linear motion of the isothermal forging die 201 by adopting the matching transmission of the speed increaser 205 and the linear cam shaft 204, and the speed increaser 205 can increase the rotation speed of the linear cam shaft 204, namely, the forging frequency of the isothermal forging die 201 is increased, and the forging acting force is reduced. Isothermal forging can make the additive layer 6 dynamically recrystallize, refine the crystal grains and improve the performance of the additive structure material.
Referring to fig. 2, the gantry type frame 3 mainly includes a friction stir additive spindle fixing base 301, an isothermal forging mechanism fixing base 302, an index dial 303, a guide rail 308, an ac servo motor for driving feeding of each shaft, and a ball screw for driving feeding of each shaft, and is used for fixing the friction stir spindle 1 and the isothermal forging mechanism 2 and realizing feeding and tilt angle adjustment of the friction stir spindle 1 and the isothermal forging mechanism 2 along the Y axis and the Z axis.
Referring to fig. 3 and 7, the table 4 is mainly composed of a tool table 401, a sixth ac servo motor 402 (tool table X-axis feed drive), a guide rail 403, and a ball screw 404, and is configured to fix the base 5 and to realize movement of the base 5 along the X-axis.
A friction stir forging additive manufacturing method of a nano reinforced matrix composite comprises the following steps:
1) referring to fig. 1, 3, 4 and 7, clamping a base body 5 on a tooling table 401, and positioning a stirring friction additive spindle 1 above an additive starting point of the base body 5; the base material powder/particle feeding pump 108 and the reinforced base material feeding pump 117 convey materials in the base material powder/particle bin 109 and the reinforced base material bin 116 to the cavity of the hollow main shaft 102 through the guide pipe, and meanwhile, under the driving of the first alternating current servo motor 111 and the vibration exciter 112, the mixing screw 104 stirs, vibrates and mixes the powder in the cavity of the hollow main shaft 102, and the stirring, vibrating and mixing are continued until the material adding process is finished;
2) referring to fig. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7, under the driving of the hollow servo motor 105, the hollow servo motor rotor 107 drives the central control spindle 102 to rotate at a rotation speed of 800-3000 rpm; a third alternating current servo motor 305 (Z-axis feed driving of the friction stir additive main shaft) drives the friction stir additive main shaft 1 to move downwards, a stirring tooth 122 and a shaft shoulder 101 of the central control main shaft 102 are inserted into the base body 5, the pressing amount of the shaft shoulder is 0-0.2 mm, and the stirring tooth 122 and the shaft shoulder 101 continuously stir, rub and preheat the additive initial point for 2-5 seconds; meanwhile, the induction heating coil 120 works to preheat the material at the material output channel, and the preheating temperature reaches 20% -60% of the solidus temperature of the parent metal; a fourth alternating-current servo motor 306 (Z-axis feed drive of the isothermal forging mechanism) drives the isothermal forging mechanism 2 to move downwards to a position, 0.1-0.5 mm away from the upper surface of the base body, of the isothermal forging die 201, and forging preparation is made;
3) referring to fig. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, the material output hole 121 of the hollow spindle 102 continuously outputs the mixed material, the friction stir additive spindle 1 is driven by a third ac servo motor 305 and a fifth ac servo motor 307 (driven by a friction stir additive spindle and a Y-axis feed of an isothermal forging mechanism), the isothermal forging mechanism is driven by a Y-axis feed, and the tooling table 401 is driven by a sixth ac servo motor 402, so that the friction stir additive spindle 1 moves on the base 5 according to a preset additive path, and during the additive process, the mixed material and the base material reach a plasticized state under the friction stir action of the stirring teeth 122 and the shaft shoulder 101, and are metallurgically bonded and dynamically recrystallized to form an additive layer 6; meanwhile, under the driving of the second alternating current servo motor 206, the isothermal forging mechanism 2 starts to work, isothermal forging is carried out on the material structure of the additive layer 6, the forging deformation is 0.1-0.5 mm, the forging frequency is 30-120 times/minute, and the forging acting force is 10-100 kN, so that single-layer additive layer stacking is completed.
4) Referring to fig. 1 and 7, according to the above steps, after one additive layer 6 is stacked, the friction stir additive spindle 1 and the isothermal forging mechanism 2 move upward by 0.1-0.5 mm in the Z-axis direction at equal displacement, and friction stir forging additive is performed on the surface of the additive layer 6 layer by layer until the required additive shape and size are achieved.
Further, referring to fig. 6, the stirring teeth 122 are used for stirring and crushing the material surface of the base 5 or the material surface of the additive layer 6 during the friction stir forging additive process, so that the new additive material structure and the additive layer 6 are metallurgically bonded, and thus a new additive layer 6 is formed, and the interlayer bonding quality between each additive layer 6 is ensured. The geometric structure of the rabble teeth 122 is not limited to that shown in fig. 6, and may be a radial type scattering point cylinder, a radial type scattering point circular truncated cone, or a radial type trapezoidal tooth.
Furthermore, the reinforcing base powder is a multi-walled carbon nanotube, a graphene nanosheet or titanium powder, the granularity is 300-2000 meshes, the base material is metal material powder or particles such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and copper alloy, the granularity is 300-2000 meshes or 1 mm-5 mm particles, and the reinforcing base powder accounts for 1-10% of the volume ratio.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 7, if the additive path in step 3) contains a space curve, the feed direction of the swing angle composition X, Y, Z of the friction stir additive spindle 1 and the isothermal forging mechanism 2 is adjusted by the index plate 303.
Claims (9)
1. A friction stir forging additive manufacturing device of a nano reinforced matrix composite is characterized in that:
the device comprises four parts, namely a stirring friction additive spindle (1), an isothermal forging mechanism (2), a gantry type frame (3) and a workbench (4);
the stirring friction additive manufacturing main shaft (1) is used for mixing, preheating and feeding powder or granular materials, performing friction extrusion on the output materials, and performing additive forming manufacturing layer by layer on a base body (5) by using friction heat and pressure;
the isothermal forging mechanism (2) is used for realizing isothermal forging and micro-shaping of the additive layer (6);
the gantry type frame (3) is used for fixing the friction stir additive main shaft (1) and the isothermal forging mechanism (2) and realizing the feeding and swing angle adjustment of the friction stir additive main shaft (1) and the isothermal forging mechanism (2) along the Y axis and the Z axis;
the workbench (4) is used for fixing the substrate (5) and realizing the feeding of the substrate (5) along the X axis;
the stirring friction additive spindle (1) mainly comprises a hollow spindle (102), a mixing screw (104), a hollow servo motor (105), a base material powder/particle feeding pump (108), a base material powder/particle bin (109), a first alternating current servo motor (111), a vibration exciter (112), a reinforced base material bin (116), a reinforced base material feeding pump (117) and an induction heating coil (120);
the hollow main shaft (102) is fixed in the vertical direction through a deep groove ball bearing (103) and a thrust bearing (118), the rotary motion of the hollow main shaft (102) is driven by a hollow servo motor (105), and a hollow servo motor rotor (107) of the hollow servo motor (105) is in matched transmission through a hollow servo motor rotor-hollow main shaft spline pair (119); the mixing screw (104) is fixed in the vertical direction by a linear bearing (114), the rotation of the mixing screw (104) is driven by a first alternating current servo motor (111) and is in matched transmission through a synchronous belt (110), a synchronous belt wheel (113) and a synchronous belt-mixing screw spline pair (115); the vertical vibration of the mixing screw (104) in the vertical direction is driven by a vibration exciter (112) and is in matched transmission through a synchronous belt-mixing screw spline pair (115); a parent metal powder/particle feeding pump (108) and a reinforced base material feeding pump (117) convey materials in a parent metal powder/particle bin (109) and a reinforced base material bin (116) to a cavity of the hollow main shaft (102) through a conduit;
the induction heating coil (120) is used for preheating the mixed powder material.
2. The friction stir forging additive manufacturing device of a nano reinforced matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein:
the hollow spindle (102) comprises stirring teeth (122), and the geometric structure of the stirring teeth (122) is a radial type scattering point cylinder, a radial type scattering point circular table or a radial type trapezoidal tooth.
3. The friction stir forging additive manufacturing apparatus of a nano reinforced matrix composite according to claim 2, wherein:
the isothermal forging mechanism (2) comprises an isothermal forging die (201), a resistance wire (202), a linear bearing (203), a linear camshaft (204), a speed increaser (205) and a second alternating current servo motor (206);
the isothermal forging die (201) is fixed in the vertical direction through a linear bearing (203), the isothermal forging die (201) is driven by a second alternating current servo motor (206) to do up-and-down reciprocating forging motion in the vertical direction, and the isothermal forging die is in matched transmission through a speed increaser (205) and a linear camshaft (204); the heating and the heat preservation of the isothermal forging die (201) are realized by a resistance wire (202); the rotation motion of the second alternating current servo motor (206) can be converted into the linear motion of the isothermal forging die (201) by adopting the matching transmission of the speed increaser (205) and the linear camshaft (204), and the speed increaser (205) is used for increasing the rotating speed of the linear camshaft (204), namely increasing the forging frequency of the isothermal forging die (201) and reducing the forging acting force.
4. The friction stir forging additive manufacturing apparatus of a nano reinforced matrix composite according to claim 3, wherein:
the gantry type frame (3) comprises a friction stir material increase main shaft fixing base (301), an isothermal forging mechanism fixing base (302), an indexing turntable (303), a guide rail (308), an alternating current servo motor for feeding and driving each shaft and a ball screw for feeding and driving each shaft.
5. The friction stir forging additive manufacturing device of a nano reinforced matrix composite according to claim 4, wherein:
the workbench (4) comprises a tool table (401), a sixth alternating current servo motor (402), a guide rail (403) and a ball screw (404); the sixth alternating current servo motor (402) drives the ball screw (404) to realize that the workbench (4) slides on the guide rail (403).
6. A friction stir forging additive manufacturing method of a nano reinforced matrix composite is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) clamping a base body (5) on a tool table (401), and positioning a stirring friction additive material main shaft (1) above an additive material starting point of the base body (5); a parent metal powder/particle feeding pump (108) and a reinforced base material feeding pump (117) convey materials in a parent metal powder/particle bin (109) and a reinforced base material bin (116) to a cavity of the hollow main shaft (102) through a guide pipe, and simultaneously, a mixing screw (104) stirs, vibrates and mixes powder in the cavity of the hollow main shaft (102) under the driving of a first alternating current servo motor (111) and a vibration exciter (112);
2) enabling the hollow main shaft (102) to rotate, enabling the third alternating current servo motor (305) to stir, rub and add the material main shaft (1) to move downwards, enabling the stirring teeth (122) and the shaft shoulder (101) of the hollow main shaft (102) to prick into the base body (5), enabling the pressing amount of the shaft shoulder to be 0-0.2 mm, and enabling the stirring teeth (122) and the shaft shoulder (101) to continuously stir, rub and preheat the material adding initial point for 2-5 seconds; meanwhile, the induction heating coil (120) works to preheat the material at the material output channel, and the preheating temperature reaches 20% -60% of the solidus temperature of the parent metal; the fourth alternating current servo motor (306) enables the isothermal forging mechanism (2) to move downwards to a position, 0.1-0.5 mm away from the upper surface of the base body, of the isothermal forging die (201), and forging preparation is made;
3) the material output hole (121) of the hollow main shaft (102) continuously outputs mixed materials, the third alternating current servo motor (305) and the fifth alternating current servo motor (307) enable the stirring friction material increase main shaft (1) to feed in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, the isothermal forging mechanism feeds in the Y-axis direction, the sixth alternating current servo motor (402) enables the tool table (401) to feed in the X-axis direction, the stirring friction material increase main shaft (1) moves on the base body (5) according to a preset material increase path, in the material increase process, the mixed materials and the base body materials reach a plasticizing state under the stirring friction action of the stirring teeth (122) and the shaft shoulder (101), and metallurgical bonding and dynamic recrystallization are generated between the mixed materials and the base body materials to form a material increase layer (6); simultaneously, the isothermal forging mechanism (2) starts to work by the second alternating current servo motor (206), isothermal forging is carried out on the material structure of the additive layer (6), the forging deformation is 0.1-0.5 mm, the forging frequency is 30-120 times/minute, and the forging acting force is 10-100 kN, so that single-layer additive layer stacking is completed;
4) according to the steps, after one additive layer (6) is stacked, the friction stir additive main shaft (1) and the isothermal forging mechanism (2) move upwards by 0.1-0.5 mm in the Z-axis direction in an equidistance mode, and friction stir forging additive is carried out on the surface of the additive layer (6) layer by layer until the required additive shape and size are achieved.
7. The friction stir forging additive manufacturing method of a nano reinforced matrix composite according to claim 6, wherein:
in the step 2), the stirring teeth (122) are used for stirring and crushing the material surface of the base body (5) or the material surface of the upper additive layer in the stirring friction forging additive material process, so that the new additive material structure and the upper additive layer are metallurgically bonded, and a new additive layer is formed.
8. The friction stir forging additive manufacturing method of a nano reinforced matrix composite according to claim 6, wherein: the reinforced base powder is a multi-walled carbon nanotube, a graphene nanosheet or titanium powder, the granularity is 300-2000 meshes, the base material is metal material powder or particles of aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy or copper alloy, the granularity is 300-2000 meshes or particles of 1 millimeter to 5 millimeters, and the reinforced base powder accounts for 1% -10% of the volume ratio.
9. The friction stir forging additive manufacturing method of a nano reinforced matrix composite according to claim 7, wherein: when the additive path in the step 3) contains a space curve, the feeding direction of the swing angle synthesis X, Y, Z of the friction stir additive spindle (1) and the isothermal forging mechanism (2) is adjusted.
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