CN115383279B - Friction stir additive manufacturing tool - Google Patents
Friction stir additive manufacturing tool Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115383279B CN115383279B CN202211036311.4A CN202211036311A CN115383279B CN 115383279 B CN115383279 B CN 115383279B CN 202211036311 A CN202211036311 A CN 202211036311A CN 115383279 B CN115383279 B CN 115383279B
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- Prior art keywords
- friction stir
- additive manufacturing
- shaft shoulder
- cylindrical shaft
- stirring head
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001234 light alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of metal material stirring friction additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a stirring friction additive manufacturing tool which comprises a driving part, a clamping handle and a stirring head, wherein the upper end face of the clamping handle is connected with the driving part, the stirring head is fixedly arranged on the lower end face of the clamping handle, an additive raw material conveying channel is arranged in a tool main body, the additive raw material conveying channel axially penetrates through the clamping handle and the stirring head along the tool main body, the stirring head is a cylindrical shaft shoulder, and a plurality of horizontal crushing parts are arranged on the lower end face of the stirring head along the circumferential direction and used for eliminating welding defects. The horizontal crushing part of the additive manufacturing tool is configured into the technical characteristics of groove shape, horizontal direction layout, size limitation and the like, so that the flowability of materials is increased, different additive layers are fully mixed, the defects of uncombination, weak connection and the like between the additive layers are eliminated, and obvious layering characteristics are eliminated; can broken material adding component edge overlap, carry out material adding processing function in the horizontal direction, realize spreading in the horizontal direction through overlap joint mode, easy and simple to handle, reliability are high, and material adding efficiency is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of friction stir additive manufacturing of metal materials, and particularly relates to a friction stir additive manufacturing tool.
Background
Friction stir additive manufacturing (Friction stir additive manufacture, FSAM) is a novel solid phase additive technology proposed on the basis of Friction Stir Welding (FSW). The technical principle is that the stirring head is utilized to plasticize the material-increasing raw material in a stirring friction mode, and multi-layer accumulation molding is carried out, so that the material-increasing manufacturing with a specific configuration is finally realized. Has wide application prospect in the fields of medical treatment, automobiles, aerospace manufacturing industry and the like.
Friction stir additive manufacturing based on solid phase connection has particular advantages in applications of light alloys such as aluminum, magnesium, etc., compared to the melt additive manufacturing technique: the method has no melting and solidification process (the temperature only reaches 60 to 90 percent of the melting point), so that metallurgical defects are less generated, the method can be suitable for controlling the thermal deformation of large-sized components, and the like, and has important research value. The material is subjected to large plastic deformation in the friction stir material increasing manufacturing process, and finally forms a fine equiaxed crystal structure under the action of thermal coupling, thereby being beneficial to the comprehensive mechanical property of the formed part. In addition, the solid-phase material-increasing component has high density, low residual stress, higher quality of the material-increasing component, better flexibility, larger size range of the material-increasing component, faster material-increasing speed, lower energy consumption and cost, and no need of special vacuum chamber or protective gas in the material-increasing process, thereby having unique advantages in the material-increasing manufacture of the large-scale light alloy component. At the same time, however, the flexibility of friction stir additive manufacturing technology application presents some challenges, particularly for complex small components, due to the large equipment and fixture tooling constraints required. Therefore, the application field of friction stir additive manufacturing is more biased towards additive manufacturing of large plate-based components.
However, in the conventional friction stir additive manufacturing, a large number of defects such as flash and weak connection exist at the edge of the formed part, so that the performance and the size of the additive component are not ideal, and the freedom degree of the additive is limited, so that the additive can be subjected to additive processing only along the vertical direction. It is therefore important to design an additive tool that optimizes common defects in friction stir additive manufacturing and improves the quality of the additive components.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, in order to improve the quality of a friction stir additive manufacturing component, the invention aims to provide a tool for friction stir additive manufacturing, which eliminates the defect of the flash and weak connection of the edge; and the method is not limited to being carried out only in the vertical direction, and the additive processing can be realized in the horizontal direction in a lap joint mode.
According to one aspect of the invention, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a friction stir material increase manufacturing tool, includes drive division, grip handle and stirring head, grip handle up end is connected with drive division, and its terminal surface fixed mounting stirring head down, inside material increase raw materials conveying channel that is equipped with of instrument main part, material increase raw materials conveying channel runs through grip handle and stirring head, its characterized in that along instrument main part axial: the stirring head is a cylindrical shaft shoulder, and a plurality of horizontal crushing parts are arranged on the lower end face of the stirring head along the circumferential direction and are used for eliminating additive manufacturing defects.
As a preferred embodiment of the friction stir additive manufacturing tool according to the present invention, wherein: the plurality of horizontal crushing portions are configured as radial grooves.
As a preferred embodiment of the friction stir additive manufacturing tool according to the present invention, wherein: the number of the radial grooves is three, and the radial grooves are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the lower end face of the cylindrical shaft shoulder.
As a preferred embodiment of the friction stir additive manufacturing tool according to the present invention, wherein: the radial groove penetrates through the circumference of the lower end face of the cylindrical shaft shoulder, and the axis of the radial groove is perpendicular to the axis of the tool main body.
As a preferred embodiment of the friction stir additive manufacturing tool according to the present invention, wherein: the radial groove is an arc-shaped groove, the volume of the arc-shaped groove is one third of the volume of the cylindrical shaft shoulder with the same height, and the corresponding central angle is 120 degrees.
As a preferred embodiment of the friction stir additive manufacturing tool according to the present invention, wherein: the corresponding radius of the arc-shaped groove is 11.94mm, and the depth of the top of the arc-shaped groove is 5.97mm.
As a preferred embodiment of the friction stir additive manufacturing tool according to the present invention, wherein: the diameter of the cylindrical shaft shoulder is a, and the relation a is more than 20mm.
As a preferred embodiment of the friction stir additive manufacturing tool according to the present invention, wherein: the material-increasing raw material conveying channel is a cylindrical channel concentric with the cylindrical shaft shoulder, and the diameter of the cylindrical channel is smaller than that of the cylindrical shaft shoulder.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with the shaft shoulder with the traditional design, the friction stir additive manufacturing tool provided by the invention has the advantages that after the plurality of horizontal crushing parts are configured into the grooves, the groove characteristics at the bottom of the cylindrical shaft shoulder can greatly increase the flowability of materials, and the materials of different additive layers below the shaft shoulder are mixed more fully to form a wedge-shaped structure, so that the new additive layer and the original accumulation layer are mixed more fully, the defects of uncombination, weak connection and the like between the additive layers are eliminated, and the obvious layering characteristics of the additive manufacturing member are eliminated.
2. The friction stir additive manufacturing tool designed by the invention has the advantages that the designed plurality of horizontal crushing parts are configured into the grooves and can play a role in crushing the edge flash of the additive component, so that the tool has the function of carrying out additive processing in the horizontal direction, and the tool is spread in the horizontal direction in a lap joint mode, and is simple and convenient to operate, high in reliability, high in additive efficiency and good in effect.
3. By adopting the friction stir additive manufacturing tool designed by the invention, the horizontal crushing part is configured into the shape of the groove, the horizontal direction layout, the size limitation set by combining with the specific application environment and other comprehensive technical characteristics, and the effects are achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a model diagram of a friction stir additive manufacturing tool of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an elevation view of a friction stir additive manufacturing tool of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the friction stir additive manufacturing tool of the present invention
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the friction stir additive manufacturing operating principle.
In the figure: 1 is a clamping handle, 2 is a cylindrical shaft shoulder, 3 is an additive raw material conveying channel, 4 is a groove, 5 is an additive raw material, 6 is an additive tissue and 7 is a substrate.
Detailed Description
The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
The utility model provides a friction stir vibration material increase manufacturing tool, includes drive portion, grip handle 1 and cylindrical shaft shoulder 2, grip handle 1 upper end is connected with drive portion, and terminal surface fixed mounting cylindrical shaft shoulder 2 under the grip handle 1, the inside material increase raw materials conveying channel 3 that is equipped with of instrument main part, material increase raw materials conveying channel 3 runs through grip handle 1 and cylindrical shaft shoulder 2 along instrument main part axial, and cylindrical shaft shoulder 2 lower terminal surface is provided with a plurality of horizontal crushing portions along circumference for eliminate material increase manufacturing defect.
More specifically, the diameter of the cylindrical shaft shoulder 2 is a > 20mm, the diameter of the additive raw material conveying channel 3 is a cylindrical channel concentric with the cylindrical shaft shoulder 2, the diameter of the additive raw material conveying channel is b < a, and the diameter can be designed according to the specific size of the additive raw material.
The application is in the structural feature design of the cylindrical shaft shoulder 2, and the cylindrical shaft shoulder 2 is only used as a cutter for additive manufacturing processing, namely a rotary non-consumable cutter used in friction stir additive manufacturing, heat is generated through rotary friction to enable materials to achieve plastic deformation, and feeding is carried out through a shaft shoulder center additive raw material conveying channel.
In the friction stir welding, the friction stir additive manufacturing tool in the present application can realize a stirring function as a whole, and plays a role in friction heat generation.
Since the cylindrical shoulder 2 may be connected to different types of equipment in practical applications, the clamping shank 1 itself may be provided with different deformations to meet the machining requirements, so the clamping shank 1 is not considered to be described by the shape defined in the drawings. Of course, the structural characteristics of the clamping handle 1 can be reasonably set according to clamping requirements so as to meet clamping requirements.
The arrangement of the plurality of horizontal crushing parts in the friction stir additive manufacturing tool can play a role in crushing edge burrs of the additive component, and compared with the traditional friction stir additive manufacturing tool, the friction stir additive manufacturing tool has the function of carrying out additive processing in the horizontal direction.
Example 2
In this embodiment, for the same technical features, refer to embodiment 1, and are not described in detail, different technical features are shown in the following description: the plurality of horizontal crushing parts are configured as grooves, in particular, radial grooves 4 are configured on the lower end surface of the cylindrical shaft shoulder, the radial grooves 4 penetrate through the whole cylindrical shaft shoulder 2, and the radial grooves 4 are preferably arc-shaped grooves
Setting three radial grooves 4 penetrating the circumference of the lower end face of the cylindrical shaft shoulder 2, wherein the axes of the radial grooves 4 are perpendicular to the axis of the tool main body, and the radial grooves are preferably uniformly distributed along the circumference of the lower end face of the cylindrical shaft shoulder 2; the volume of the groove is about one third of the volume of the cylindrical shaft shoulder 2 with the height.
The preferred size adopted by the embodiment is set as that the outer diameter of the cylindrical shaft shoulder 2 is 28mm, and the inner diameter is 14mm; the corresponding central angle of the arc-shaped groove is 120 degrees, the radius is 11.94mm, and the depth of the top of the arc-shaped groove is 5.97mm.
According to the friction stir material increase manufacturing tool, when the friction stir material increase manufacturing tool is used, after the clamping handle 1 is clamped by the friction stir material increase manufacturing tool, the friction stir material increase manufacturing tool reasonably adjusts, the friction stir material increase conveying channel 3 is matched, metal powder or wires or bars are filled into the rotary cylindrical shaft shoulder 2, the filled materials are subjected to plasticization and migration downwards and are deposited under the combined action of the feeding force and the friction stir of the tool cylindrical shaft shoulder 2, the tool cylindrical shaft shoulder 2 moves along a preset track to form an additive deposition layer, and the radial groove 4 arranged on the lower end face of the cylindrical shaft shoulder 2 enables the new additive layer to be fully mixed with the original accumulation layer, and burrs formed on the edge of the material increase member are crushed. After the completion, the cylindrical shaft shoulder 2 of the operation tool moves upwards and carries out the next layer of additive manufacturing process, and the process is repeated to finally form the required additive component.
In the friction stir additive manufacturing tool of the application, after a plurality of horizontal crushing parts of design are configured into grooves, the flowability of materials can be greatly increased by the groove characteristics at the bottom of the cylindrical shaft shoulder, so that a new additive layer is fully mixed with an original accumulation layer to eliminate weak connection defects, the groove characteristics can also play a role in crushing edge burrs of an additive component, and the tool has the function of carrying out additive processing in the horizontal direction. Utilize the friction stir vibration additive manufacturing tool of this application for friction stir vibration additive manufacturing is not being limited to and can only go on in the vertical direction, still accessible overlap joint mode realizes spreading in the horizontal direction, and this instrument easy and simple to handle, the reliability is high, and material increase is efficient, effectual.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations may be made in the above embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a friction stir material increase manufacturing tool, includes drive division, grip handle and stirring head, grip handle up end is connected with drive division, and its terminal surface fixed mounting stirring head down, inside material increase raw materials conveying channel that is equipped with of instrument main part, material increase raw materials conveying channel runs through grip handle and stirring head, its characterized in that along instrument main part axial: the stirring head is a cylindrical shaft shoulder, and the lower end surface of the stirring head is provided with a plurality of horizontal crushing parts along the circumferential direction for eliminating welding defects;
the plurality of horizontal crushing parts are configured into radial grooves, and the number of the radial grooves is three and the radial grooves are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the lower end surface of the cylindrical shaft shoulder; the radial groove penetrates through the circumference of the lower end face of the cylindrical shaft shoulder, and the axis of the radial groove is perpendicular to the axis of the tool main body.
2. A friction stir additive manufacturing tool according to claim 1, wherein: the radial groove is an arc-shaped groove, the volume of the arc-shaped groove is one third of the volume of the cylindrical shaft shoulder with the same height, and the corresponding central angle is 120 degrees.
3. A friction stir additive manufacturing tool according to claim 2, wherein: the corresponding radius of the arc-shaped groove is 11.94mm, and the depth of the top of the arc-shaped groove is 5.97mm.
4. A friction stir additive manufacturing tool according to claim 3, wherein: the diameter of the cylindrical shaft shoulder is a, and the relation a is more than 20mm.
5. A friction stir additive manufacturing tool according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that: the material-increasing raw material conveying channel is a cylindrical channel concentric with the cylindrical shaft shoulder, and the diameter of the cylindrical channel is smaller than that of the cylindrical shaft shoulder.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211036311.4A CN115383279B (en) | 2022-08-28 | 2022-08-28 | Friction stir additive manufacturing tool |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211036311.4A CN115383279B (en) | 2022-08-28 | 2022-08-28 | Friction stir additive manufacturing tool |
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| CN115383279A CN115383279A (en) | 2022-11-25 |
| CN115383279B true CN115383279B (en) | 2024-04-09 |
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| CN115383279A (en) | 2022-11-25 |
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