CN108857044B - Lightweight backfill type friction stir spot welding device - Google Patents

Lightweight backfill type friction stir spot welding device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108857044B
CN108857044B CN201810792010.1A CN201810792010A CN108857044B CN 108857044 B CN108857044 B CN 108857044B CN 201810792010 A CN201810792010 A CN 201810792010A CN 108857044 B CN108857044 B CN 108857044B
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China
Prior art keywords
sleeve
transmission
stirring pin
screw rod
power source
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CN108857044A (en
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王瑞
周利
张锦标
戚家铭
王琳
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Shandong Gewu Intelligent Technology Co ltd
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Shandong Gewu Intelligent Technology Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/26Auxiliary equipment

Abstract

A light backfill type friction stir spot welding device relates to a friction stir welding device and comprises an outer shell, a stirring pin, a sleeve and a jacket, wherein a transmission lead screw is arranged in the outer shell, and the transmission lead screw is a hollow bidirectional lead screw, the ratio of the pitch of the upper part to the pitch of the lower part is equal to the inverse ratio of the cross section area of the sleeve to the cross section area of the stirring pin; the upper nut of the transmission screw rod is connected with the oversleeve through the oversleeve sleeve, the bearing, the first bearing frame and the oversleeve rolling spline nut; the lower nut of the transmission screw rod is provided with a stirring pin shaft which can freely slide up and down in the transmission screw rod through a second bearing frame and a bearing and is matched with the oversleeve rolling spline nut, and the lower end of the stirring pin shaft is connected with a stirring pin; a transmission shaft sleeve connected with the spline at the upper end of the stirring pin shaft is arranged; the power transmission device is provided with a first power source and a second power source, wherein the first power source is connected with the transmission shaft sleeve, and the second power source is connected with the transmission screw rod. The invention has the advantages of light structure, high system stability, high welding precision, good effect and long service life.

Description

Lightweight backfill type friction stir spot welding device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of friction stir welding, in particular to a lightweight backfill type friction stir spot welding device which is light in structure, high in system stability, high in welding precision, good in effect and long in service life.
Background
With the increasing importance of society on energy conservation and environmental protection, light weight becomes the development direction of modern transportation industries such as automobiles and motor cars and the like and the industrial manufacturing field such as aerospace and the like. This makes the application of light-weight high-strength materials such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, etc. get more and more attention, but also puts higher demands on the connection technology of these materials. Aluminum alloys have been widely used in various industries, especially in the automotive and aerospace industries, due to their advantages of light weight, high strength, etc. At present, the main connection modes of the aluminum alloy are resistance spot welding and riveting, but the aluminum alloy has many limitations and defects, and the application of the aluminum alloy in the industrial field is limited.
Friction Stir Spot Welding (FSSW) is a new solid-phase Welding technology developed and researched on the basis of FSW. The FSSW technology can form lap joints similar to resistance spot welding and riveting, has the advantages of high joint quality, stable welding quality, small deformation, high efficiency, energy conservation and the like, and effectively makes up the defects of resistance spot welding and riveting. The backfill type friction stir spot welding successfully solves the problem that a keyhole is left in the center of a welding spot after the traditional friction stir spot welding is finished, a lap joint without the keyhole and with better mechanical property can be obtained at one time, the production efficiency is high, and the automation is easy to realize. The existing backfill type friction stir spot welding device has the defects of complex power transmission system, poor stability, easy deformation of a stirring pin and a sleeve, poor spot welding effect, short service life, large integral volume of the device and the like.
The national intellectual property office disclosed a name in 2013 in 11 months: a backfill type friction stir welding method and device, application number: 201310347507.X, although the device realizes the function of backfill type friction stir spot welding, it still has the following defects: firstly, the stirring needle drives the oversleeve to rotate through the spline pair, the inner layer drives the outer layer to rotate, the torque is large, the power requirement is high, and the energy efficiency is low; secondly, the transmission mechanism is complex, large in size, easy to generate the problems of large rotational inertia, elastic deformation, reverse clearance, motion lag, friction, vibration, noise, abrasion and the like, and poor in overall stability; when the device works, the power force application point and the resistance force application point of the up-and-down movement of the stirring needle and the oversleeve are not coaxial, side load exists, the stirring needle and the oversleeve generate deformation, the welding precision is low, the effect is poor, the stirring needle, the oversleeve and the outer sleeve are easy to wear due to the deformation, and the service life is short. And the system has three power sources, one power source is responsible for the rotation of the stirring needle and the sleeve, and the other two power sources respectively drive the stirring needle and the sleeve to move up and down, so that the structure is complex, the space is wasted, the lead screw is driven too long, and the stability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides the backfill type friction stir spot welding device which is light and simple in structure, high in system stability, high in welding precision, good in effect and long in service life.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the defects of the prior art is as follows:
a light backfill type friction stir spot welding device comprises an outer shell and a stirring head consisting of a stirring pin, a sleeve and a jacket, wherein the jacket is fixed at the lower end part of the outer shell, the sleeve can be sleeved in the jacket in a vertically sliding manner, the stirring pin can freely rotate and is sleeved in the sleeve in a vertically sliding manner, and the light backfill type friction stir spot welding device is characterized in that a transmission lead screw is arranged in the outer shell and is a hollow bidirectional lead screw; the ratio of the screw pitch of the upper part of the screw rod of the transmission screw rod to the screw pitch of the lower part of the screw rod of the transmission screw rod is equal to the inverse ratio of the cross section area of the lower part of the sleeve to the cross section area of the lower part of the stirring needle; the lower part of the upper nut of the transmission screw rod is provided with a sleeve, the lower end of the sleeve is connected with a first bearing frame through a bearing, the lower part of the first bearing frame is provided with a sleeve rolling spline nut, and the lower end of the sleeve rolling spline nut is connected with a sleeve; a second bearing frame is arranged at the lower part of a lower nut of the transmission screw rod, a stirring pin shaft capable of freely sliding up and down is arranged in the transmission screw rod, the stirring pin shaft is arranged on the second bearing frame through a bearing, the stirring pin shaft is a spline shaft and is matched with the oversleeve rolling spline nut, and the lower end of the stirring pin shaft is connected with the stirring pin; an upper limiting chute is arranged on the outer shell, a sleeve limiting block matched with the upper limiting chute is arranged on the sleeve, a lower limiting chute is arranged on the sleeve, and a bearing frame limiting block matched with the lower limiting chute is arranged on the second bearing frame; a transmission shaft sleeve is arranged in the outer shell above the transmission screw rod, and the upper end of the stirring needle shaft is connected with the transmission shaft sleeve through a spline and can be arranged in the transmission shaft sleeve in a vertical sliding manner; the power transmission device is provided with a first power source and a second power source, wherein the first power source is connected with the transmission shaft sleeve, and the second power source is connected with the transmission screw rod.
The transmission screw rod is a hollow bidirectional screw rod and comprises a hollow screw rod, a left-handed nut and a right-handed nut, the thread on the upper part of the screw rod is a left-handed thread, the thread on the lower part of the screw rod is a right-handed thread, the left-handed nut and the right-handed nut are respectively installed on the screw rod in a matched mode, and the ratio of the thread pitch of the left-handed thread to the thread pitch of the right-handed thread is equal to the inverse ratio of the area of the lower end face of the sleeve to the area of the lower end face of the stirring pin.
The outer shell is formed by combining at least two parts. The invention is convenient for loading, unloading and maintenance.
The device has two degrees of freedom, the first power source and the second power source are both servo motors, and the two servo motors are respectively connected with the stirring pin shaft and the transmission screw rod through the transmission device. Respectively used for driving the stirring pin shaft and the transmission screw rod to rotate.
The first servo motor is connected with the stirring pin shaft through the transmission shaft sleeve and the stirring pin shaft rolling spline nut and is used for driving the stirring pin shaft to rotate; the second servo motor is connected with a large driven belt wheel fixed on the transmission screw rod through a planetary reducer, a small driving belt wheel and a synchronous belt and is used for driving the transmission screw rod to rotate.
The control ends of the first power source and the second power source are respectively connected with the controller. The controller is used for controlling the working state of the controller.
When the device works, power lines of a first power source, a second power source and a controller are connected with a power supply, a pressurizing device is used for driving the outer shell of the device to enable a jacket to be tightly pressed on a workpiece to be welded, the second power source works to drive the sleeve and the stirring needle to be simultaneously attached to the upper surface of the workpiece, and the first power source works to drive the sleeve and the stirring needle to rotate and generate heat through friction with the workpiece to plasticize the workpiece; when the workpiece material reaches a sufficient plastic state, the second power source is controlled to press down the sleeve, so that the stirring pin rises or the sleeve rises and the stirring pin presses down. The elevation is to provide space for the plastic material and the depression is to agitate the plastic material to promote fusion thereof. When the stirring pin or the sleeve is pressed downwards to meet the welding thickness requirement, the stirring pin and the sleeve move oppositely, so that the material fusion is further promoted, and the backfilling effect is achieved. When the stirring pin and the sleeve move reversely to the plane before welding, the pressurizing device drives the welding machine to ascend, the sleeve leaves the workpiece, and the welding is finished. The invention has the advantages of simple power transmission system, stable power transmission, stable relative motion of the stirring pin and the sleeve, no deformation caused by radial force, effective reduction of the problems of friction, vibration, noise, abrasion and the like, high overall stability, good welding effect, long service life, small overall volume of the device, light weight and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The light backfill type friction stir spot welding device shown in figure 1 comprises an outer shell 17 and a stirring head consisting of a stirring needle 15, a tubular sleeve 13 and a jacket 14, wherein the jacket 14 is fixed at the lower end part of the outer shell and is used for pressing a workpiece to be welded, the sleeve 13 can be sleeved in the jacket 14 in a vertical sliding manner, the stirring needle 15 can freely rotate and is sleeved in the sleeve 13 in a vertical sliding manner, the lower part of the sleeve is in a circular tube shape, the part of the lower part of the stirring needle inserted into the lower part of the sleeve is a cylinder matched with the lower part of the sleeve, the contact surface of the sleeve 13 and the stirring needle 15 and the contact surface of the sleeve 13 and the jacket 14 are both mirror surfaces, a transmission lead screw is longitudinally arranged in the outer shell 17 and is a hollow bidirectional ball lead screw which comprises a hollow screw rod 1, a left-handed nut 2 and a right-handed nut 5, the screw rod 1 is arranged in the outer shell 17 through a bearing 18, the upper part of, the left-handed nut 2 and the right-handed nut 5 are respectively arranged on the screw rod in a way of being matched with the left-handed thread and the right-handed thread; the ratio of the thread pitch of the left-handed thread to the thread pitch of the right-handed thread is equal to the inverse ratio of the area of the lower end face of the oversleeve to the area of the lower end face of the stirring pin; the lower part of the left-handed nut 2 is provided with a sleeve 3, the inner side of the lower end part of the sleeve 3 is connected with a first bearing frame 9 through a bearing 10, the lower end of the sleeve 3 is provided with a bearing positioning part 11, the bearing positioning part 11 is used for positioning and installing the bearing 10, the lower part of the first bearing frame 9 is provided with a sleeve rolling spline nut 12, and the lower end of the sleeve rolling spline nut 12 is connected with a sleeve 13; the lower end of the right-handed nut 5 is provided with a second bearing frame 6 positioned in the oversleeve sleeve, a stirring pin shaft 16 which can rotate and freely slide up and down is arranged in the hollow screw rod 1, the stirring pin shaft 16 is arranged on the second bearing frame 6 through a bearing 7, the stirring pin shaft 16 is a spline shaft and is in spline fit with the oversleeve rolling spline nut 12, and the stirring pin shaft is driven by the oversleeve rolling spline nut to drive the oversleeve to rotate; the oversleeve sleeve can slide up and down in the outer shell, and the lower end of the stirring pin shaft 16 is connected with the stirring pin 15; an upper limiting chute is arranged on the outer shell, a sleeve limiting block 4 which is matched with the upper limiting chute and can slide up and down in the sleeve 3 and cannot move in the circumferential direction is arranged on the sleeve 3, a lower limiting chute is arranged on the sleeve 3, and a bearing bracket limiting block 8 which is matched with the lower limiting chute and can slide up and down in the sleeve 6 and cannot move in the circumferential direction is arranged on the second bearing bracket 6; a transmission shaft sleeve 21 is arranged in the outer shell above the screw rod 1, the upper end of the stirring pin shaft is arranged in the transmission shaft sleeve 21 in a vertically sliding manner, and the lower end of the transmission shaft sleeve 21 is provided with a stirring pin shaft rolling spline nut 20 in spline fit with the stirring pin shaft; the first power source 22 works to drive the stirring pin shaft rolling spline nut 20 to rotate and drive the stirring pin shaft to rotate through the transmission shaft sleeve 21, and the stirring pin shaft can slide up and down in the stirring pin shaft rolling spline nut and the transmission shaft sleeve. The second power source is connected with the upper part of the screw through a driving belt wheel, a synchronous belt and a driven belt wheel, and a synchronous belt mounting notch is arranged on the outer shell 17; the first power source and the second power source are servo motors, a motor output shaft of the second power source is provided with a driving belt wheel through a planetary reducer, the upper part of the screw rod is provided with a driven belt wheel 19, the driving belt wheel and the driven belt wheel 19 are connected through a synchronous belt, and the screw rod rotates to drive the left-handed nut 2 and the right-handed nut 5 to move up and down. The transmission screw rod, the sleeve, the stirring needle shaft and the transmission shaft sleeve are coaxial.
The invention is further improved, and the outer shell is formed by combining multiple sections. The invention is convenient for loading, unloading and maintenance. And the control ends of the first power source and the second power source are respectively connected with the controller. The controller is used for controlling the working state of the controller.
When the spot welding machine works, power lines of a first power source, a second power source and a controller are connected with a power supply, a pressurizing device is used for driving the spot welding device to enable a jacket to be tightly pressed on a workpiece to be welded, the second power source works to drive a sleeve and a stirring needle to be tightly attached to the upper surface of the workpiece, the first power source works to drive the sleeve and the stirring needle to rotate, and the first power source rubs with the workpiece to generate heat to plasticize the workpiece; when the workpiece material reaches a sufficient plastic state, the second power source is controlled to press down the sleeve, so that the stirring pin rises or the sleeve rises and the stirring pin presses down. The elevation is to provide space for the plastic material and the depression is to agitate the plastic material to promote fusion thereof. When the stirring pin or the sleeve is pressed downwards to meet the welding thickness requirement, the stirring pin and the sleeve move oppositely, so that the material fusion is further promoted, and the backfilling effect is achieved. When the stirring pin and the sleeve move reversely to the plane before welding, the pressurizing device drives the spot welding device to ascend, the jacket leaves the workpiece, and the welding is finished. The invention has the advantages of simple power transmission system, stable power transmission, stable relative motion of the stirring pin and the sleeve, no deformation caused by radial force, effective reduction of the problems of friction, vibration, noise, abrasion and the like, high overall stability, good welding effect, long service life, small overall volume of the device, light weight and the like.

Claims (6)

1. A light backfill type friction stir spot welding device comprises an outer shell and a stirring head consisting of a stirring pin, a sleeve and a jacket, wherein the jacket is fixed at the lower end part of the outer shell, the sleeve can be sleeved in the jacket in a vertically sliding manner, the stirring pin can freely rotate and is sleeved in the sleeve in a vertically sliding manner, and the light backfill type friction stir spot welding device is characterized in that a transmission lead screw is arranged in the outer shell and is a hollow bidirectional lead screw; the ratio of the screw pitch of the upper part of the screw rod of the transmission screw rod to the screw pitch of the lower part of the screw rod of the transmission screw rod is equal to the inverse ratio of the cross section area of the lower part of the sleeve to the cross section area of the lower part of the stirring needle; the lower part of the upper nut of the transmission screw rod is provided with a sleeve, the lower end of the sleeve is connected with a first bearing frame through a bearing, the lower part of the first bearing frame is provided with a sleeve rolling spline nut, and the lower end of the sleeve rolling spline nut is connected with a sleeve; a second bearing frame is arranged at the lower part of a lower nut of the transmission screw rod, a stirring pin shaft capable of freely sliding up and down is arranged in the transmission screw rod, the stirring pin shaft is arranged on the second bearing frame through a bearing, the stirring pin shaft is a spline shaft and is matched with the oversleeve rolling spline nut, and the lower end of the stirring pin shaft is connected with the stirring pin; an upper limiting chute is arranged on the outer shell, a sleeve limiting block matched with the upper limiting chute is arranged on the sleeve, a lower limiting chute is arranged on the sleeve, and a bearing frame limiting block matched with the lower limiting chute is arranged on the second bearing frame; a transmission shaft sleeve is arranged in the outer shell above the transmission screw rod, and the upper end of the stirring needle shaft is connected with the transmission shaft sleeve through a spline and can be arranged in the transmission shaft sleeve in a vertical sliding manner; the power transmission device is provided with a first power source and a second power source, wherein the first power source is connected with the transmission shaft sleeve, and the second power source is connected with the transmission screw rod.
2. The light-weight backfill type friction stir spot welding device according to claim 1, wherein the transmission screw is a hollow bidirectional screw and comprises a hollow screw, a left-handed nut and a right-handed nut, the upper thread of the screw is a left-handed thread, the lower thread of the screw is a right-handed thread, the left-handed nut and the right-handed nut are respectively installed on the screw in a matched manner, and the ratio of the thread pitch of the left-handed thread to the thread pitch of the right-handed thread is equal to the inverse ratio of the area of the lower end face of the sleeve to the area of the lower end face of the stirring pin.
3. The light-weight backfill type friction stir spot welding device according to claim 1, wherein the transmission lead screw, the sleeve and the stirring pin shaft are coaxial.
4. The light weight backfilling type friction stir spot welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said outer shell is formed by assembling at least two parts.
5. The light-weight backfill type friction stir spot welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device has only two degrees of freedom, the first power source and the second power source are both servo motors, and the two servo motors are respectively connected with the stirring pin shaft and the transmission screw rod through a transmission device.
6. The light-weight backfill type friction stir spot welding device according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the control ends of the first power source and the second power source are respectively connected with a controller.
CN201810792010.1A 2018-07-18 2018-07-18 Lightweight backfill type friction stir spot welding device Active CN108857044B (en)

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Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110126281B (en) * 2019-05-15 2021-04-20 中南大学 Backfill type friction stir spot welding module, device and spot welding method
CN111408832B (en) * 2020-03-11 2022-03-08 天津大学 Friction plug repair welding spindle head device
CN111922504A (en) * 2020-07-27 2020-11-13 昆山哈工万洲焊接研究院有限公司 Multi-mode friction stir welding tool, system and method
CN114273772B (en) * 2022-02-18 2023-05-26 黄山学院 Large-thickness back-suction friction stir spot welding spindle device

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