CN111922504A - Multi-mode friction stir welding tool, system and method - Google Patents
Multi-mode friction stir welding tool, system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111922504A CN111922504A CN202010733285.5A CN202010733285A CN111922504A CN 111922504 A CN111922504 A CN 111922504A CN 202010733285 A CN202010733285 A CN 202010733285A CN 111922504 A CN111922504 A CN 111922504A
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 228
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of friction stir welding, in particular to a multi-mode friction stir welding tool, a system and a method. The multi-mode friction stir welding tool comprises a jacket, a sleeve, a stirring pin and a bearing piece; the sleeve and the stirring needle can both rotate under the drive of external force and can both axially move under the drive of external force to extend out or retract into the through hole; the sleeve and the stirring needle can move relatively along the axial direction; according to different welding modes, the oversleeve and the stirring needle are adjusted to be suitable for different stirring friction welding modes; through the internal integrated bearing piece structure of the welding tool, the coaxiality of the multi-mode welding tool is increased, and the force arm of the oversleeve and the stirring pin in the seam welding process is reduced, so that the bending moment applied to the oversleeve and the stirring pin in the seam welding process is small, the small deformation and the large rigidity of the stirring pin and the oversleeve are ensured, the oversleeve and the stirring pin can move along the axial direction in the rotating process to complete seam welding, and the durability of the multi-mode friction stir welding tool is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of friction stir welding, in particular to a multi-mode friction stir welding tool, a system and a method.
Background
Friction stir welding is a new solid phase joining technique invented by british welding institute (TWI) in 1991, which has revolutionary progress in joining techniques of nonferrous metals such as aluminum alloy, and is known as the most revolutionary welding method. Within twenty years, friction stir welding technology has been successfully applied to the welding of aluminum alloy and copper alloy products in a plurality of industrial fields such as aviation, aerospace, ships, trains, weapons, nuclear energy, automobiles and the like.
Friction stir welding, including moving shoulder and quiet shoulder friction stir welding, can only realize the welding of invariable welding depth, to the inhomogeneous material of thickness, because stirring needle length is invariable, can't realize that a welding process is whole to weld the welding seam thoroughly, and the welding seam does not have the attenuate, can only realize the welding of thickness change welding seam through changing welding set or two-sided welded mode. In addition, in the process of conventional friction stir seam welding, when a stirring pin penetrates into a material, the material in the stirring pin area can be extruded to form flash, so that the welding seam is thinned; after welding, a cavity is left due to the withdrawing of the stirring pin and no material filling, so that a keyhole is formed; the presence of thinning and keyholes both affect the integrity of the joint and degrade the performance of the joint.
In the prior art, the mode of drawing back the stirring pin is adopted to change deep welding and keyhole-free welding, but the single drawing back of the stirring pin can not realize the function of friction stir spot welding, and the welding line can be thinned due to the extrusion of materials in the welding process.
In addition, for friction stir seam welding, two friction stir seam welding methods, namely a movable shaft shoulder and a static shaft shoulder, cannot be realized by using the same set of welding tool, and the welding method of the movable shaft shoulder and the static shaft shoulder cannot be switched in real time in the welding process.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defect that the structure is easy to damage by adopting a conventional spot welding tool when the seam welding and spot welding functions are realized in the prior art; and the defect that two friction stir seam welding of a movable shaft shoulder and a static shaft shoulder can not be realized by using the same set of welding tool, thereby providing the multi-mode friction stir welding tool, the system and the method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a multi-mode friction stir welding tool, which comprises:
the jacket is internally provided with an accommodating cavity, and the center of the bottom of the jacket is provided with a through hole;
the sleeve is a hollow tube structure arranged in the accommodating cavity of the jacket;
the stirring pin is arranged in the hollow structure of the sleeve and is coaxial with the sleeve;
the bearing piece is arranged in the accommodating cavity of the jacket and sleeved outside the sleeve;
the sleeve is sequentially arranged through the bearing piece and the through hole in a penetrating manner; the sleeve and the stirring needle can extend out of the accommodating cavity through the through hole; the sleeve and the stirring needle can both rotate under the drive of external force and can both axially move under the drive of external force to extend out of or retract into the through hole; a first gap is formed between the through hole and the sleeve; there is a second gap between the sleeve and the pin so that relative axial movement is possible between the sleeve and the pin.
In the multi-mode friction stir welding tool, the bearing piece comprises a bearing, a bush and a fastener, wherein the fastener comprises a front bearing end cover, a rear bearing end cover, a front bearing end cover locking piece and a rear bearing end cover locking piece; the bush is sleeved between the bearing and the sleeve.
In the multi-mode friction stir welding tool, the bearings are angular contact ball bearings, and preferably, the angular contact ball bearings are installed in pairs back to back or face to face.
In the multi-mode friction stir welding tool, the bearings are at least three angular contact ball bearings, and any two adjacent angular contact ball bearings are arranged back to back or face to face.
In the multi-mode friction stir welding set, the material hardness of the sleeve is higher than that of the bushing, for example, the sleeve and the stirring pin are made of steel, and the bushing is made of copper.
In the multi-mode friction stir welding tool, the bush is a graphite copper bush, a guide bush with balls or a linear bearing; the sleeve and the stirring needle are made of steel materials.
In the multi-mode friction stir welding tool,
the rear bearing end cover locking piece is matched with the rear bearing end cover, and the bearing is fixedly arranged in the accommodating cavity;
the front bearing end cover locking piece fixes the front bearing end cover on the bushing;
the front bearing end cover and the rear bearing end cover are pre-tightened from two opposite directions to press the bearing.
In the multi-mode friction stir welding tool, the size of the first gap enables the sleeve not to contact with the through hole when the sleeve deforms in the welding process; the size of the second gap ensures that the stirring pin and the sleeve are not contacted with each other when deformed in the welding process.
The invention provides a multi-mode friction stir welding system which comprises the multi-mode friction stir welding tool, wherein the welding tool is connected with a main shaft of the welding system, and the welding system further comprises a driving assembly, and the driving assembly drives a sleeve (2) and a stirring pin (3) of the welding tool to rotate and/or move along the axial direction.
The invention provides a friction stir welding method, which adopts the multi-mode friction stir welding tool, and comprises the following steps:
keeping the jacket in contact with the surface of the workpiece to be welded, and pressing the workpiece to be welded;
one of the sleeve and the stirring pin is inserted downwards into the workpiece to be welded, and the other one is withdrawn upwards.
In the friction stir spot welding method, the volume of the inner part of the workpiece to be welded which is inserted downwards is equal to the volume of a cavity generated by upward pumping.
In the friction stir spot welding method, the penetration into the workpiece to be welded and the upward drawing back are simultaneously carried out, and the axial moving speeds of the oversleeve and the stirring needle satisfy the following relational expression:
V2×S2＝V3×S3；
in the formula, V2 and V3 are the axial moving speeds of the sleeve and the stirring needle respectively; s2 and S3 are the end areas of the cuff and the pin, respectively.
The invention provides a friction stir welding method, which adopts the multi-mode friction stir welding tool, and comprises the following steps:
the lower end surface of the jacket is not contacted with the surface of a workpiece to be welded;
the lower end surface of the sleeve is contacted with the surface of a workpiece to be welded to tightly press the workpiece to be welded;
the stirring pin is downwards inserted into the workpiece to be welded, and the sleeve and the stirring pin rotate in the same direction.
According to the friction stir welding method, the penetration depth of the stirring pin is adjusted according to the thickness of a workpiece to be welded in the welding process.
The invention provides a friction stir welding method, which adopts the multi-mode friction stir welding tool, and comprises the following steps:
the lower end surface of the jacket is in contact with the surface of a workpiece to be welded, and the workpiece to be welded is pressed tightly;
the oversleeve and the stirring pin are inserted into the workpiece to be welded together, and the oversleeve and the stirring pin rotate in the same direction.
In the friction stir welding method, the penetration depth of the oversleeve and the stirring needle is adjusted according to the thickness of a workpiece to be welded in the welding process.
The invention provides a friction stir welding method, which adopts the multi-mode friction stir welding tool, and comprises the following steps:
the lower end surfaces of the jacket and the sleeve are contacted with the surface of a workpiece to be welded to tightly press the workpiece to be welded;
the stirring pin is inserted downwards into the workpiece to be welded, and the sleeve and the stirring pin rotate in the same direction.
According to the friction stir welding method, the penetration depth of the stirring pin is adjusted according to the thickness of a workpiece to be welded in the welding process.
The invention provides a friction stir welding method, which adopts the multi-mode friction stir welding tool, and comprises the following steps:
the jacket is contacted with the surface of a workpiece to be welded to tightly press the workpiece to be welded;
one of the sleeve and the stirring pin is inserted into the workpiece to be welded downwards, and the other is withdrawn upwards;
and in the process that the whole multi-mode friction stir welding tool moves along the horizontal direction of the surface of the workpiece to be welded, keeping the volume of the interior of the workpiece to be welded which is inserted downwards to be equal to the volume of a cavity generated by upward pumping.
The friction stir welding method is carried out simultaneously by puncturing the inside of a workpiece to be welded and drawing back upwards, and the axial moving speeds of the oversleeve and the stirring needle satisfy the following relational expression:
V2×S2＝V3×S3；
in the formula, V2 and V3 are the axial moving speeds of the sleeve and the stirring needle respectively; s2 and S3 are the end areas of the cuff and the pin, respectively.
According to the friction stir welding method, the penetration depth is adjusted according to the thickness of a workpiece to be welded in the welding process.
The invention provides a friction stir welding method, which adopts the multi-mode friction stir welding tool, and comprises the following steps:
keeping the jacket in contact with the surface of the workpiece to be welded, and pressing the workpiece to be welded;
one of the oversleeve and the stirring pin is inserted downwards into the workpiece to be welded, and the other one is withdrawn upwards;
keeping the volume of the inner part of the workpiece to be welded which is inserted downwards equal to the volume of the cavity generated by upward pumping back in the welding process;
when the welding is close to or reaches the end point position, one of the stirring pin and the sleeve which is inserted into the workpiece to be welded downwards moves upwards at a constant speed, and the other one moves downwards at a constant speed, so that the welding material entering the cavity is backfilled downwards.
The invention provides friction stir welding equipment which comprises a controller and the multi-mode friction stir welding tool, wherein the controller is used for controlling the multi-mode friction stir welding tool to switch different friction stir welding modes according to requirements, and the friction stir welding mode is any one or more friction stir welding methods.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. utilize the inside integrated bearing structure of soldering set, reduce the arm of force of oversleeve and pin stirrer at the seam welding in-process greatly to make oversleeve and pin stirrer the moment of flexure that receives at the seam welding in-process less, thereby can guarantee the little deformation and the big rigidity of pin stirrer and oversleeve, and can guarantee that oversleeve and pin stirrer can realize along axial motion at rotatory in-process.
2. The play of a single bearing is eliminated by utilizing paired bearings, and the purpose of eliminating the play can be achieved by back-to-back installation and face-to-face installation. The bearings installed in pairs are pre-tightened directly through the jacket and the rear bearing end cover, the bushing and the front bearing end cover without an additional pre-tightening device. The complexity of the mechanism is reduced, and the coaxiality and the radial rigidity of the welding tool are improved.
3. The multiple friction stir welding methods can be switched in real time in the welding process, and the sleeve, the stirring needle and the jacket are adjusted to be matched according to different welding requirements, so that the same friction stir welding tool is suitable for multiple different friction stir welding modes, and the welding process does not need to be stopped and the tool does not need to be replaced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a multi-mode friction stir welding tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a schematic view of a first spot welding pattern provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a schematic view of a second spot welding pattern provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a friction stir seam welding mode for a moving shoulder provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a variable depth friction stir seam welding mode for a moving shoulder provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a static shoulder friction stir seam weld pattern provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a static shoulder variable depth friction stir seam welding mode as provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a hybrid welding mode provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a mode of friction stir seam welding with variable depth of hollow and no reduction of keyhole provided in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of another mode of variable depth hollow keyhole free friction stir seam welding provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
description of reference numerals:
1-a jacket; 2-oversleeves; 3-a stirring pin; 4-rear bearing end cap; 5-a bushing; 6-a bearing; 7-front bearing end cover; 8-front bearing end cover locking bolt; 9-rear bearing end cover locking bolt; 10-the workpiece to be welded.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a multi-mode friction stir welding tool, comprising:
the jacket 1 is internally provided with an accommodating cavity, and the center of the bottom of the jacket is provided with a through hole;
the oversleeve 2 is a hollow tube structure arranged in the accommodating cavity of the jacket 1;
the stirring pin 3 is arranged in the hollow structure of the oversleeve 2 and is coaxial with the oversleeve 2;
the bearing piece is arranged in the accommodating cavity of the jacket 1 and sleeved outside the sleeve 2;
the sleeve 2 sequentially penetrates through the bearing piece and the through hole; the sleeve 2 and the stirring needle 3 can extend out of the accommodating cavity through the through hole; the sleeve 2 and the stirring needle 3 can both rotate under the drive of external force and can both move along the axial direction under the drive of external force to extend out of or retract into the through hole; a first gap is formed between the through hole and the sleeve 2; there is a second gap between the sleeve 2 and the pin 3 so that relative axial movement is possible between the sleeve 2 and the pin 3.
The first gap meets the condition that the oversleeve 2 is not contacted with the through hole when deformed in the welding process; the second gap is such that the pin 3 and the sleeve 2 do not contact each other when deformed during welding.
The invention provides welding equipment of a welding system of multi-mode friction stir welding, which is characterized by comprising the multi-mode friction stir welding tool, wherein the welding tool is connected with a main shaft of the welding system, and the welding system further comprises a driving component, and the driving component drives a sleeve 2 and a stirring pin 3 of the welding tool to rotate and/or move along the axial direction.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides a multi-mode friction stir welding tool, as shown in fig. 1, which specifically includes:
the jacket 1 is internally provided with an accommodating cavity, and the center of the bottom of the jacket is provided with a through hole;
the oversleeve 2 is a hollow tube structure arranged in the accommodating cavity of the jacket 1;
the stirring pin 3 is arranged in the hollow structure of the oversleeve 2 and is coaxial with the oversleeve 2;
the bearing piece is arranged in the accommodating cavity of the jacket 1 and sleeved outside the sleeve 2;
the sleeve 2 sequentially penetrates through the bearing piece and the through hole; the sleeve 2 and the stirring needle 3 can extend out of the accommodating cavity through the through hole; the sleeve 2 and the stirring needle 3 can both rotate under the drive of external force and can both move along the axial direction under the drive of external force to extend out of or retract into the through hole; a first gap is formed between the through hole and the sleeve 2; there is a second gap between the sleeve 2 and the pin 3 so that relative axial movement is possible between the sleeve 2 and the pin 3.
The first gap meets the condition that the oversleeve 2 is not contacted with the through hole when deformed in the welding process; the second gap is such that the pin 3 and the sleeve 2 do not contact each other when deformed during welding.
The bearing piece comprises a bearing 6, a bush 5 and a fastener, the outer wall of the bearing 6 is contacted with the inner wall of the jacket 1, and the bush 5 is sleeved between the bearing and the sleeve 2; the fastening piece comprises a front bearing end cover 7, a rear bearing end cover 4, a front bearing end cover locking piece and a rear bearing end cover locking piece, the rear bearing end cover locking piece is matched with the rear bearing end cover 4 to fixedly arrange the bearing in the accommodating cavity, the front bearing end cover locking piece fixes the front bearing end cover 7 on the lining 5, and the front bearing end cover 7 and the rear bearing end cover 4 pre-tighten and extrude the bearing from two opposite directions; preferably, the front and rear bearing end cap locks employ front and rear bearing cap lock bolts 8, 9.
Through pressing from both sides cover 1 and rear bearing end cover 4, bush 5 and front bearing end cover 7 and two retaining members 8 and 9 carry out the pretension, need not extra preloading device, reduced the complexity of mechanism, eliminate the play of bearing 6, guarantee the radial precision of welding set.
The bearings are angular contact ball bearings and are installed in pairs back to back or face to face; the bearing comprises at least three angular contact ball bearings, and any two adjacent angular contact ball bearings are arranged back to back or face to face.
Preferably, the material hardness of the sleeve 2 is higher than that of the bush 5, so as to protect the sleeve 2 from being damaged and ensure that the sleeve 2 and the bush 5 can smoothly move relatively in the axial direction. For example, the sleeve 2 and the pin 3 are made of steel, and the bush 5 is made of copper.
The bush 5 is a graphite copper bush, a guide sleeve with balls or a linear bearing, and can greatly reduce the friction force between the sleeve and the bush, so that the sleeve bears little friction force in the axial movement process; alternatively, the bearing may be another conventional bearing, the play of the individual bearings being eliminated by mounting in pairs, for example back-to-back and face-to-face.
The bearing member includes, but is not limited to, the above-described components, and may include other components.
The multi-mode friction stir welding tool can be arranged in a welding system, the welding tool is connected with a main shaft of the welding system, and the welding system further comprises a driving component which drives the sleeve 2 and the stirring pin 3 of the welding tool to rotate and/or move along the axial direction; the welding system can adopt a single double-drawing back type friction stir welding main shaft to adjust the relative positions of the jacket 1, the sleeve 2 and the stirring needle 3 along the axial direction, thereby realizing friction stir welding methods in different modes.
According to the multi-mode friction stir welding tool provided by the embodiment, the sleeve, the stirring pin and the jacket can be adjusted to be matched according to different welding requirements, so that the same friction stir welding tool is suitable for different friction stir welding modes; through the inside integrated bearing spare structure of soldering set, make oversleeve and pin-mixer pass earlier and get into the through-hole behind the bearing spare, increase the axiality of multi-mode soldering set, reduce the arm of force of oversleeve and pin-mixer at the seam welding in-process greatly, make oversleeve and pin-mixer receive the moment of flexure less at the seam welding in-process, thereby can guarantee little deformation and the big rigidity of pin-mixer and oversleeve, avoid it to produce great deformation and damage after receiving the resistance, and can realize following axial motion in order to accomplish the seam welding at oversleeve and pin-mixer rotatory in-process, and realize the durability of multi-mode friction stir welding soldering set.
Example 2
This example provides a friction stir spot welding method using the multi-mode friction stir welding tool described in example 1. Two different friction stir spot welding implementations are shown in fig. 2a and 2b, respectively.
During welding, the main shaft does not move relative to the workpiece 10 to be welded in a direction parallel to the surface of the workpiece, that is, the main shaft is relatively static in the horizontal direction, the main shaft moves in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece, the main shaft is upward away from the surface of the workpiece to be welded, and the main shaft is downward close to the surface of the workpiece to be welded.
As shown in fig. 2a, is a cuff 2 tack-down pattern spot weld. The main shaft moves downwards, the jacket 1 is kept in contact with the upper surface of the workpiece to be welded 10, and the workpiece to be welded 10 is pressed tightly; the oversleeve 2 is pricked downwards into the interior of a workpiece 10 to be welded, the stirring pin 3 is withdrawn upwards, the oversleeve 2 and the stirring pin 3 move axially simultaneously, and the volume of the interior of the workpiece to be welded pricked downwards is equal to the volume of a cavity generated by the upward withdrawal.
Preferably, the sleeve 2 and the pin 3 perform axial movements simultaneously, and the speed satisfies the following relation: v2 × S2 ═ V3 × S3; in the formula, V2 and V3 are the axial moving speeds of the sleeve and the stirring needle respectively; s2 and S3 are the end areas of the cuff and the pin, respectively.
As shown in fig. 2b, which is a stitch pattern spot welding of the probe 3. The main shaft moves downwards, the jacket 1 is kept in contact with the upper surface of the workpiece to be welded 10, and the workpiece to be welded 10 is pressed tightly; the stirring pin 3 is inserted downwards into the workpiece 10 to be welded, the sleeve 2 is withdrawn upwards, the sleeve 2 and the stirring pin 3 move axially simultaneously, and the volume of the inserted part of the workpiece is equal to the volume of a cavity generated by the withdrawing upwards. And the speeds of the two satisfy the following relational expression: v2 × S2 ═ V3 × S3, and S2 and S3 are the end areas of the cuff and the pin, respectively.
Example 3
The present embodiment provides a moving shoulder friction stir seam welding method, which uses the multi-mode friction stir welding tool described in embodiment 1. Fig. 3 shows the position relationship of the sleeve and the stirring pin along the axial direction in the process of welding the movable shaft shoulder, and fig. 4 shows a variable welding depth welding mode in the process of welding the movable shaft shoulder.
As shown in fig. 3, the lower end surface of the jacket 1 does not contact with the surface of the workpiece 10 to be welded; the lower end surface of the sleeve 2 is contacted with the surface of a workpiece to be welded to tightly press the workpiece 10 to be welded; the stirring pin 3 is inserted into the workpiece 10 to be welded downwards; and starting the main shaft, wherein the main shaft moves relatively along the surface of the workpiece 10 to be welded in the horizontal direction, and the sleeve 2 and the stirring needle 3 rotate in the same direction simultaneously, so that the stirring friction seam welding of the movable shaft shoulder is realized.
As shown in FIG. 4, when the thickness of the workpiece 10 to be welded is not uniform, the lower end surface of the holding jacket 1 is not in contact with the surface of the workpiece 10 to be welded, the pressure of the lower end surface of the sleeve 2 and the surface of the workpiece 10 to be welded is kept constant, and the penetration depth of the stirring needle 3 is adjusted according to the thickness of the workpiece 10 to be welded, so that the variable-welding-depth movable shaft shoulder stirring friction seam welding is realized.
Example 4
The present embodiment provides a static shoulder friction stir seam welding method using the multi-mode friction stir welding tool described in embodiment 1. FIG. 5 shows the axial positional relationship between the cuff and the probe in the stationary shoulder welding, and FIG. 4 shows the variable depth welding in the stationary shoulder welding.
As shown in fig. 5, the lower end surface of the jacket 1 contacts with the surface of the workpiece to be welded, and presses the workpiece 10 to be welded; the sleeve 2 and the stirring pin 3 are inserted into the workpiece to be welded together, the main shaft is started, the main shaft moves relatively along the surface of the workpiece to be welded 10 in the horizontal direction, and the sleeve 2 and the stirring pin 3 rotate in the same direction at the same time, so that static shaft shoulder stirring friction seam welding is realized.
As shown in FIG. 6, when the thickness of the workpiece 10 to be welded is not uniform, the penetration depth of the sleeve 2 and the stirring pin 3 is adjusted according to the thickness of the workpiece 10 to be welded by keeping the constant pressure between the lower end surface of the jacket 1 and the surface of the workpiece 10 to be welded, so as to realize variable-depth static shaft shoulder friction stir seam welding.
Example 5
The present example provides a mixed mode friction stir seam welding method that uses the multi-mode friction stir welding tool described in example 1. FIG. 7 shows the welding mode of dynamic and static mixed shaft shoulder welding.
As shown in fig. 7, the lower end surfaces of the jacket 1 and the sleeve 2 are in contact with the surface of the workpiece 10 to be welded, and the workpiece 10 to be welded is pressed tightly; the stirring pin 3 is inserted into the workpiece 10 to be welded downwards, the main shaft is started, the main shaft moves relatively along the surface of the workpiece to be welded in the horizontal direction, and the sleeve 2 and the stirring pin 3 rotate in the same direction at the same time, so that the hybrid welding of the dynamic and static mixed shaft shoulders is realized.
When the thickness of the workpiece 10 to be welded is uneven, the constant pressure between the lower end surfaces of the jacket 1 and the sleeve 2 and the surface of the workpiece 10 to be welded is kept, and the penetration depth of the stirring needle 3 is adjusted according to the thickness of the workpiece 10 to be welded, so that the stirring friction seam welding of the dynamic and static mixed shaft shoulders with variable welding depth is realized.
Example 6
The present embodiment provides a hollow type non-thinning friction stir welding method, which uses the multi-mode friction stir welding tool described in embodiment 1. The specific welding steps are as follows:
in an initial state, the lower end surfaces of the stirring pin 3, the sleeve 2 and the jacket 1 are adjusted to be at the same horizontal height, and the horizontal height is the original position; the main shaft drives the welding tool to be close to the surface of a workpiece to be welded 10 downwards, so that the jacket 1 is in contact with the surface of the workpiece to be welded, and the workpiece to be welded is pressed tightly;
starting the main shaft, and simultaneously rotating the stirring pin 3 and the sleeve 2; one of the oversleeve 2 and the stirring pin 3 is inserted into the workpiece 10 to be welded downwards along the axial direction, and the other one is withdrawn upwards, so that the volume of the workpiece inserted into the workpiece to be welded downwards is always equal to the volume of a cavity generated by the upward withdrawal; specifically, the sleeve 2 and the mixing needle 3 move simultaneously and the moving speed of the sleeve and the mixing needle along the axial direction satisfies the following relational expression: v2 × S2 ═ V3 × S3; in the formula, V2 and V3 are the axial moving speeds of the sleeve and the stirring needle respectively; s2 and S3 are the end areas of the sleeve and the pin, respectively, as shown in FIG. 8.
The main shaft moves horizontally along the surface of the workpiece 10 to be welded, when the thickness of the workpiece 10 to be welded is uneven, the downward penetration depth is adjusted according to the thickness of the workpiece 10 to be welded, and the volume of the interior of the workpiece 10 to be welded which penetrates downwards is kept equal to the volume of a cavity generated by upward pumping, so that thinning-free friction stir seam welding with variable welding depth is realized.
Due to the upward withdrawal to form the cavity, the material of the workpiece 10 to be welded enters the cavity, thereby realizing hollow friction stir welding. The hollow friction stir welding can increase the contact area between the welding tool and the welded material, increase friction heat generation and plastic flow of the material, and further improve welding efficiency.
Example 7
The embodiment provides a friction stir welding method for realizing keyhole filling, which adopts the multi-mode friction stir welding tool of embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps:
keeping the jacket 1 in contact with the surface of the workpiece 10 to be welded, and pressing the workpiece 10 to be welded;
one of the oversleeve 2 and the stirring pin 3 is inserted into the workpiece to be welded downwards, and the other one is withdrawn upwards;
keeping the volume of the inner part of the workpiece to be welded which is inserted downwards equal to the volume of the cavity generated by upward pumping back in the welding process;
when welding is close to the end point, the main shaft moves horizontally along the surface of the workpiece to be welded 10 to approach the end point, one of the stirring pin 3 and the sleeve 2 which is inserted into the workpiece to be welded 10 is controlled to move upwards at a constant speed, and the other moves downwards at a constant speed, so that the welding material entering the cavity is backfilled downwards, and when the main shaft reaches the end point, the backfilling of the welding material is completed at the same time, as shown in fig. 8
Or when the welding reaches the end position, the main shaft does not move in the horizontal direction relative to the workpiece to be welded 10, one of the stirring pin 3 and the sleeve 2 which is inserted into the workpiece to be welded 10 downwards moves upwards at a constant speed, and the other moves downwards at a constant speed, so that the welding material entering the cavity is backfilled downwards until the backfilling is finished.
Example 8
The present example provides a friction stir welding system comprising the multi-mode friction stir welding tool of example 1. The friction stir welding system can switch a plurality of friction stir welding methods in real time according to requirements in the welding process without stopping the welding process and replacing a welding tool. The adopted multiple friction stir welding methods can be selected to implement any one or more welding methods described in 2-7, and the durability of the friction stir welding tool can be ensured under any mode of friction stir welding methods.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (23)
1. A multi-mode friction stir welding tool, comprising:
the jacket (1) is internally provided with an accommodating cavity, and the center of the bottom of the jacket is provided with a through hole;
the oversleeve (2) is a hollow tube structure arranged in the accommodating cavity of the jacket (1);
the stirring needle (3) is arranged in the hollow structure of the oversleeve (2) and is coaxial with the oversleeve (2);
the bearing piece is arranged in the accommodating cavity of the jacket (1) and sleeved outside the sleeve (2);
the sleeve (2) is sequentially arranged in the bearing piece and the through hole in a penetrating manner; the sleeve (2) and the stirring needle (3) can extend out of the accommodating cavity through the through hole; the oversleeve (2) and the stirring needle (3) can both rotate under the drive of external force and can both axially move under the drive of external force to extend out of or retract into the through hole; a first gap is formed between the through hole and the sleeve (2); a second gap is provided between the sleeve (2) and the mixing needle (3) so that relative axial movement is possible between the sleeve (2) and the mixing needle (3).
2. The multi-mode friction stir welding tool of claim 1 wherein said bearing member comprises a bearing (6), a bushing (5), and a fastener, wherein said fastener comprises a front bearing cap (7), a rear bearing cap (4), a front bearing cap lock (8), and a rear bearing cap lock (9); the bush (5) is sleeved between the bearing and the sleeve (2).
3. A multi-mode friction stir welding tool as set forth in claim 2 wherein said bearings are angular contact ball bearings, preferably mounted in pairs back-to-back or face-to-face.
4. The multi-mode friction stir welding tool of claim 3 wherein said bearing is at least two angular contact ball bearings, any two adjacent angular contact ball bearings being mounted back-to-back or face-to-face.
5. Multi-mode friction stir welding tool according to any of the claims 2-5, characterized in that the material hardness of the sleeve (2) is higher than the material hardness of the bushing (5), e.g. the material of the sleeve (2) and the pin (3) is steel and the material of the bushing (5) is copper.
6. Multi-mode friction stir welding tool according to any of claims 2-5, characterized in that said bushing (5) is a graphite copper sleeve, a guide sleeve with balls or a linear bearing; the oversleeve (2) and the stirring needle (3) are made of steel materials.
7. The multi-mode friction stir welding tool of claim 2,
the rear bearing end cover locking piece is matched with the rear bearing end cover (4) to fixedly arrange the bearing in the accommodating cavity;
the front bearing end cover locking piece fixes the front bearing end cover (7) on the lining (5);
the front bearing end cover (7) and the rear bearing end cover (4) are pre-tightened from two opposite directions to press the bearing.
8. The multi-mode friction stir welding tool according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein said first gap is sized so as not to contact said through hole when the cuff (2) is deformed during welding; the size of the second gap ensures that the stirring pin (3) and the sleeve (2) are not contacted with each other when deformed in the welding process.
9. A welding system for friction stir welding in multiple modes, characterized in that it comprises a friction stir welding tool according to any one of claims 1 to 8, said tool being connected to a main shaft of the welding system, said welding system further comprising a drive assembly for driving the sleeve (2) and the pin (3) of said tool in rotation and/or in axial movement.
10. A friction stir welding method using the multi-mode friction stir welding tool according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
the holding jacket (1) is in contact with the surface of a workpiece to be welded, and the workpiece to be welded is pressed tightly;
one of the sleeve (2) and the stirring pin (3) is inserted downwards into the workpiece to be welded, and the other one is withdrawn upwards.
11. The friction stir spot welding method according to claim 10 wherein the volume of the interior of the workpiece to be welded that is plunged down is equal to the volume of the cavity created by the upward draw back.
12. The friction stir spot welding method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein penetration into the inside of the workpiece to be welded and upward withdrawal are simultaneously performed, and the axial moving speeds of the sleeve (2) and the pin (3) satisfy the following relation:
V2×S2＝V3×S3；
in the formula, V2 and V3 are the axial moving speeds of the sleeve and the stirring needle respectively; s2 and S3 are the end areas of the cuff and the pin, respectively.
13. A friction stir welding method using the multi-mode friction stir welding tool according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
the lower end surface of the jacket (1) is not contacted with the surface of a workpiece to be welded;
the lower end surface of the sleeve (2) is contacted with the surface of a workpiece to be welded to tightly press the workpiece to be welded;
the stirring pin (3) is downwards inserted into the workpiece to be welded, and the sleeve (2) and the stirring pin (3) simultaneously rotate in the same direction.
14. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that the penetration depth of the pin (3) is adjusted during welding according to the thickness of the work piece to be welded.
15. A friction stir welding method using the multi-mode friction stir welding tool according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
the lower end surface of the jacket (1) is contacted with the surface of a workpiece to be welded to tightly press the workpiece to be welded;
the oversleeve (2) and the stirring needle (3) are pricked downwards into the workpiece to be welded, and the oversleeve (2) and the stirring needle (3) rotate in the same direction.
16. The friction stir welding method according to claim 15, characterized in that the penetration depth of the cuff (2) and the pin (3) is adjusted during welding according to the thickness of the work piece to be welded.
17. A friction stir welding method using the multi-mode friction stir welding tool according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
the lower end surfaces of the jacket (1) and the sleeve (2) are contacted with the surface of a workpiece to be welded to tightly press the workpiece to be welded;
the stirring pin (3) is downwards inserted into the workpiece to be welded, and the sleeve (2) and the stirring pin (3) simultaneously rotate in the same direction.
18. The friction stir welding method according to claim 17, characterized in that the penetration depth of the pin (3) is adjusted during welding according to the thickness of the work piece to be welded.
19. A friction stir welding method using the multi-mode friction stir welding tool according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
the jacket (1) is in contact with the surface of a workpiece to be welded, and compresses the workpiece to be welded;
one of the oversleeve (2) and the stirring needle (3) is inserted into the workpiece to be welded downwards, and the other is withdrawn upwards;
and in the process that the whole multi-mode friction stir welding tool moves along the horizontal direction of the surface of the workpiece to be welded, keeping the volume of the interior of the workpiece to be welded which is inserted downwards to be equal to the volume of a cavity generated by upward pumping.
20. The friction stir welding method according to claim 19, wherein the penetration into the inside of the workpiece to be welded and the upward withdrawal are performed simultaneously, and the axial moving speeds of said cuff (2) and said pin (3) satisfy the following relation:
V2×S2＝V3×S3；
in the formula, V2 and V3 are the axial moving speeds of the sleeve and the stirring needle respectively; s2 and S3 are the end areas of the cuff and the pin, respectively.
21. A friction stir welding method as defined in claim 19 or 20 wherein the penetration depth is adjusted during welding according to the thickness of the work piece to be welded.
22. A friction stir welding method using the multi-mode friction stir welding tool according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
the holding jacket (1) is in contact with the surface of a workpiece to be welded, and the workpiece to be welded is pressed tightly;
one of the oversleeve (2) and the stirring needle (3) is inserted into the workpiece to be welded downwards, and the other one is withdrawn upwards;
keeping the volume of the inner part of the workpiece to be welded which is inserted downwards equal to the volume of the cavity generated by upward pumping back in the welding process;
when the welding is close to or reaches the end position, one of the stirring needle (3) and the sleeve (2) which is inserted into the workpiece to be welded downwards moves upwards at a constant speed, and the other moves downwards at a constant speed, so that the welding material entering the cavity is backfilled downwards.
23. A friction stir welding system comprising a controller and a multi-mode friction stir welding tool according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the controller is configured to control the multi-mode friction stir welding tool to switch between different friction stir welding modes as desired, the friction stir welding modes being any one or more of the friction stir welding methods of claims 10-22.
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