CN107160029B - Auxiliary heat source auxiliary stirring friction welding method and device - Google Patents

Auxiliary heat source auxiliary stirring friction welding method and device Download PDF

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CN107160029B
CN107160029B CN201710566031.7A CN201710566031A CN107160029B CN 107160029 B CN107160029 B CN 107160029B CN 201710566031 A CN201710566031 A CN 201710566031A CN 107160029 B CN107160029 B CN 107160029B
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heat source
additional heat
welding
workpiece
stirring
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CN107160029A (en
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秦国梁
江海红
敖志勇
周军
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Shandong University
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Shandong University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1275—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding involving metallurgical change
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/14—Preventing or minimising gas access, or using protective gases or vacuum during welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an auxiliary stirring friction welding method and device with an additional heat source, which solve the problems of high cost and short service life of stirring heads of high-melting-point materials such as steel, nickel-based alloy, titanium alloy and the like in the prior art, enable a region to be welded to reach a semi-solid state or superplastic state, greatly reduce the rheological resistance of the high-melting-point materials, reduce the welding torque, reduce the requirements on the performance of the stirring heads, further reduce the abrasion of the stirring heads and prolong the service life of stirring needles. The technical scheme is as follows: an auxiliary stirring friction welding device with an additional heat source comprises a stirring head for welding, wherein the stirring head is rotatably inserted into a butt joint or lap joint welding line of a workpiece and can move; the additional heat source component is used for providing heat for the workpiece and forming an additional heat source heating area on the surface of the workpiece, and the additional heat source component is arranged in front of the stirring head and is away from the stirring head by a set distance; and the gas protection device is positioned above the side of the additional heat source heating area and/or in front of the stirring head.

Description

Auxiliary heat source auxiliary stirring friction welding method and device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of welding, in particular to an auxiliary heat source stirring friction welding method and device.
Background
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid phase Welding technique invented by The Welding Institute in 1991. Compared with the traditional fusion welding, the friction stir welding has the remarkable advantages of less joint defects, high quality, small deformation, green welding process, no pollution and the like, and has wide application prospect in the industrial manufacturing fields of aviation, spaceflight, ships, nuclear industry, weapon industry, transportation and the like. In the friction stir welding, friction heat and plastic deformation heat are used as welding heat sources, a columnar or threaded stirring needle or other shapes extends into a part to be welded of a workpiece, and the stirring needle is rotated at a high speed to rub with the material of the workpiece to be welded to generate heat, so that the temperature of the material at the connecting part is raised to reach a high-temperature plastic state. In the welding process, the rotary stirring head (mainly a shaft shoulder) and the surface of a workpiece generate heat through friction, so that the material on the advancing side of the stirring head generates strong plastic deformation, and along with the movement of the stirring head, the material with high-temperature plastic deformation generates plastic flow and flows to a cavity behind the stirring head, and a complete welding seam is formed under the pressure between shafts.
The friction stir welding process is the most attractive welding method since the advent of laser welding, and is mainly used for welding materials with a low melting point, such as aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, and the like. The appearance of the welding wire can greatly reform the connection of nonferrous metals such as aluminum alloy, and the like, and the welding of the aluminum alloy by using a friction stir welding method has good engineering application. In industrial production application, the research on the friction stir welding process of the low-melting-point alloy material is mature. However, many problems still need to be solved in the friction stir welding technical research of high-melting-point materials such as steel, titanium alloy, nickel-based alloy and the like, and the main problem is the limitation of the high-temperature strength of the stirring head, so that the stirring head has a short service life and high welding cost.
Therefore, in order to further develop the application of the friction stir welding process in high-melting-point materials such as steel, titanium alloy, nickel-based alloy and the like, effective measures are taken to prolong the service life of the stirring head, and the friction stir welding process is one of effective ways for reducing the welding cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an auxiliary stirring friction welding device with an additional heat source, the welding device heats a workpiece through the additional heat source, melts and cools the workpiece to a semi-solid state or superplastic state, or directly heats a part to be welded of the workpiece to reach the semi-solid state or superplastic state, and then carries out stirring friction welding on a high-melting-point material in the semi-solid state or superplastic state, so that the rheological resistance of the high-melting-point material can be reduced to a great extent, the welding torque born by a stirring head is reduced, the abrasion of the stirring head is reduced, the service life of the stirring needle is prolonged, and the welding cost is reduced.
The specific scheme is as follows:
an additional heat source assisted friction stir welding device comprising:
the stirring head is used for welding, is rotatably inserted into a butt joint or lap joint welding line of a workpiece and can move;
the additional heat source component is used for providing heat for the workpiece and forming an additional heat source heating area on the surface of the workpiece, the additional heat source component is arranged in front of the stirring head and is away from the stirring head by a set distance, the included angle between the additional heat source component and the upper surface of the workpiece is alpha, and the alpha is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees;
and the gas protection device is positioned above the side of the additional heat source heating area and/or in front of the stirring head and is used for introducing protective gas into the welding area. The additional heat source component is arranged at a set distance from the stirring head, so that the workpiece made of the high-melting-point material can be melted and then cooled to a semi-solid state or a superplastic state or directly heated to the semi-solid state or the superplastic state.
In the device, the additional heat source output device is connected with the stirring head through the rigid connecting piece, the connecting piece can be a rigid connecting rod, a set angle is kept, but the connecting piece moves synchronously, the additional heat source is used for assisting in heating the workpiece to be welded, so that the area to be welded reaches a semi-solid state or a superplastic state or is directly heated to the semi-solid state or the superplastic state, the rheological resistance of a high-melting-point material can be reduced to a great extent, the welding torque borne by the stirring head is reduced, the abrasion of the stirring head is reduced, the service life of the stirring needle is prolonged, and the welding cost is reduced.
The protective gas is nitrogen or argon or helium or carbon dioxide or hydrogen or a mixed gas of argon and helium or a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and argon or a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and helium or a mixed gas of hydrogen and argon.
The gas protection device comprises a gas protection nozzle, the included angle between the axial direction of the gas protection nozzle and the upper surface of the workpiece is beta, and the beta is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 90 degrees.
The stirring head is deviated from the vertical direction along the welding direction by an angle of 0-15 degrees, the diameter of a shaft shoulder of the stirring head is 1-100 mm, and a stirring needle is arranged at the bottom of the stirring head.
The additional heat source provided by the additional heat source component is a laser and/or an electric arc and/or a plasma arc and/or an induction heating heat source.
The additional heat source output device is connected with the stirring head clamping mechanism through a rigid connecting piece, so that the stirring head and the additional heat source component move synchronously.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the semi-solid state means that the temperature range of solid and liquid states is controlled in the process of metal solidification, so that solid-liquid mixed slurry (the solid phase component can even reach 60%) in which a certain solid phase component is uniformly suspended in liquid metal mother liquor is obtained, and the semi-solid metal slurry has good fluidity and very low deformation resistance. Superplasticity refers to the phenomenon that a material presents abnormally low rheological resistance and high rheological performance under certain internal and external conditions, and the main conditions for realizing superplasticity are certain deformation temperature and low strain rate. In the case of steel, during the heating or cooling process, there is a large temperature difference between the liquidus and the solidus, wherein eutectoid steel is at about 100 ℃, and hypereutectoid steel and hypoeutectoid steel are about 100 ℃ or above, in the temperature range, the material can reach a semi-solid state, and can be processed near the phase transformation point, and superplasticity can also be realized. Therefore, in the friction stir welding process of high-melting-point materials such as steel and the like, the additional heat source is used for assisting in heating the workpiece to be welded, so that the area to be welded reaches a semi-solid state or a superplastic state, the welding torque borne by the stirring head is reduced, the abrasion of the stirring head is reduced, the service life of the stirring needle is prolonged, and the welding cost is reduced.
The invention also provides an auxiliary stirring friction welding method with an additional heat source, which adopts the welding device, and the area to be welded reaches a semi-solid state or a superplastic state, so that the rheological resistance of high-melting-point and high-strength materials such as steel, titanium alloy, nickel-based alloy and the like can be reduced to a great extent, the friction loss of the stirring head is reduced, and the welding cost is reduced.
The scheme is as follows: an auxiliary heat source stirring friction welding method adopts the auxiliary heat source stirring friction welding device.
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an auxiliary stirring friction welding method with an additional heat source, which provides a specific method for welding so as to prolong the service life of a stirring pin.
An auxiliary stirring friction welding method with an additional heat source comprises the following specific steps:
1) The additional heat source component is arranged in front of the stirring head and on the upper surface of the workpiece, the moving speed of the additional heat source component is consistent with the welding speed, the included angle between the additional heat source component and the upper surface of the workpiece is alpha, alpha is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees, and a gas protection device capable of being communicated with protective gas is arranged above a heating area of the additional heat source component and/or in front of the stirring head;
2) Before welding, the workpiece is heated to a molten state through the additional heat source component and then cooled to a semi-solid state or superplastic state, or the part to be welded of the workpiece is directly heated to reach the semi-solid state or superplastic state;
3) In the welding process, the moving direction of the additional heat source component and the stirring pin of the stirring head is always the welding direction, the additional heat source heats the workpiece to a semi-solid state or a superplastic state, and the stirring head performs welding in a semi-solid state or superplastic state area along the advancing direction of the additional heat source at a set welding speed.
4) And the gas protection device is arranged above the heating area of the additional heat source and/or in front of the stirring head and is filled with protective gas to protect the welding area.
When workpieces made of the same material are welded, the position of the additional heat source heating area on the upper surface of the workpiece is the welding seam center and is also the welding center of the stirring head.
When a workpiece made of a dissimilar material is welded, the position of the heating area of the additional heat source is deviated to one side of a high-melting-point material on the upper surface of the workpiece, the deviation distance is determined according to the difference value of melting points of the dissimilar material, the center of the heating area of the additional heat source and the center of the stirring head can be not on the same straight line in the welding direction, so that the material reaching a high-temperature plastic state overflows in the welding process, and the heating position of the additional heat source and the two ends of the plate workpiece keep a certain distance along the welding direction; the welding process is carried out at normal temperature, and in order to reduce the experimental difficulty, the feeding time of the shielding gas can be continued for the whole welding process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) According to the invention, the additional heat source is heated at the front side of the stirring head, compared with the mode that the laser heats the bottom of the stirring pin through the hollow inner cavity of the stirring tool, the problem of insufficient heating is solved, the device is split, the structure is simple, and the additional heat source output device is easy to clamp; the method is different in principle, the workpiece is heated to a semi-solid state or a superplastic state in an auxiliary heating mode by the additional heat source, and then welding is carried out, so that the welding torque born by the stirring pin is reduced, and the service life of the stirring pin is prolonged.
2) The invention can realize rapid heating and effectively ensure the welding quality by limiting the angle between the additional heat source and the upper surface of the workpiece.
3) Compared with the method that the wear-resistant coating is deposited on the shaft shoulder of the stirring head and the surface of the stirring needle, the method improves the wear resistance of the stirring head and then performs welding.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is another schematic structural view of the present invention;
shown in the figure: 1. stirring head, 2, additional heat source component, 3, gas protection tube, 4, workpiece, V 1 Is the welding speed.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As described in the background of the invention, the prior art has shortcomings, and in order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a method and an apparatus for stir friction welding with an auxiliary heat source.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, an additional heat source assisted friction stir welding apparatus is provided, which includes a stir head for welding, which is rotatably inserted into a butt or lap weld of a workpiece and is movable in a direction of the weld; the additional heat source component 2 is positioned in front of the stirring head for a set distance and heats the base metal, the additional heat source component 2 has a set distance with the stirring head, the welding speed of the additional heat source component 2 and the stirring head is kept consistent, the included angle between the axis of the additional heat source component 2 and the upper surface of the workpiece is alpha, and alpha is more than or equal to 10 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees; the additional heat source can be laser, electric arc, plasma arc, or induction heating source, and the laser can be fiber laser, butterfly laser, nd: YAG laser, CO 2 Laser, semiconductor laser, etc.; and a gas protection device 3, wherein the gas protection device comprises a gas protection tube 3, the gas protection tube 3 is arranged above the additional heat source heating area (figure 1) and in front of the stirring head 1 (figure 2), protective gas is introduced to protect the welding area, and the gas protection tube is coaxial with the additional heat source component 2 or is arranged at the rear side of the additional heat source component 2.
The protective gas is nitrogen, argon, helium, carbon dioxide, hydrogen or a mixed gas of argon and helium, a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and argon, a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and helium, and a mixed gas of hydrogen and argon.
The bottom of the gas protection tube 3 is provided with a nozzle, the included angle between the axial direction of the nozzle and the upper surface of the workpiece is beta, beta is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 90 degrees, and the nozzle is aligned to the side upper part of the laser irradiation area and the periphery of the stirring head.
The angle of the stirring head 1 deviating from the vertical direction along the welding direction is 0-15 degrees, the diameter of a shaft shoulder of the stirring head 1 is 1-100 mm, and a stirring pin is arranged at the bottom of the stirring head 1.
The moving speed of the stirring head 1, i.e. the welding speed V 1 The relation with the welding seam length S and the additional heat source power P is as follows:
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA0001370825220000061
wherein, delta H is the molar melting heat of the workpiece, n is the unit molar weight of the workpiece irradiated by the laser, delta T is the temperature difference of the liquid-solid phase line of the workpiece, and V 2 Is the workpiece cooling rate.
From the above formula, the welding speed V is determined 1 Setting any two items according to the relationship among the additional heat source power P and the length S of the welding seam, and obtaining the numerical value corresponding to the rest items, wherein the cooling rate V of the plate 2 And the plate molar heat of fusion delta H can be obtained by inquiring or testing relevant information, and the plate solid-liquid phase temperature difference delta T and the unit molar quantity n of the laser irradiated plate can be obtained by estimation.
The embodiment also provides an auxiliary stirring friction welding method with an additional heat source, which comprises the following specific steps:
1) Removing an oxide film at a part to be welded of the plate workpiece by using abrasive paper, and cleaning by using absolute ethyl alcohol; fixing the plate to be welded on the clamp base by using a pressing plate and a bolt, and ensuring the stability of the plate in the welding process;
2) The additional heat source component 2 is positioned in front of the stirring head 1 for a certain distance, the included angle between the axis of the additional heat source component 2 and the upper surface of the workpiece 4 is alpha, alpha is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 90 degrees, and a gas protection device capable of protecting gas is arranged above the additional heat source heating area and/or in front of the stirring head 1;
the additional heat source component 2 is positioned in front of the gas protection device, and the distance between the heating position of the additional heat source component on the upper surface of the workpiece and the center of the stirring needle is determined according to the melting point, the thickness, the laser power and the welding speed of the material to be welded;
the welding speed, the solid-liquid line temperature difference and the displacement interval are slightly lower than theoretical values, and the power of the additional heat source component 2 is higher than the theoretical values, so that the possibility that the stirring head performs welding when the plate reaches a semi-solid state or a superplastic state is increased;
the heating position and the welding speed of the additional heat source component 2 on the upper surface of the workpiece are determined, and the heating time of the additional heat source component 2 is set, so that the problems that the material of the part to be welded does not reach a high-temperature plastic state (is not opened in time) and a clamping device is possibly damaged (is not closed in time) are solved;
3) Before welding, the workpiece 4 is heated by the additional heat source component 2 until the part to be welded of the workpiece reaches a semi-solid state or a superplastic state;
4) In the welding process, the moving direction of the stirring pin of the additional heat source component 2 and the stirring head 1 is always the welding direction, the additional heat source component 2 heats the workpiece to be in a semi-solid state or a superplastic state, the stirring head 1 performs welding along the advancing direction of the additional heat source component 2 at a set welding speed, and protective gas is fed in front of the stirring head 1 and above the heating area side of the additional heat source component 2 through a gas protection device.
Example 1
The additional heat source is laser: a material to be welded is a No. 45 steel plate with the thickness of 3mm in butt joint, a stirring head, a gas protection device and a laser beam output focusing lens are sequentially arranged along the welding direction, the interval between a gas protection nozzle and the edge of a shaft shoulder is 10mm, the included angle along the horizontal direction is 45 degrees, and the protection gas is argon. The angle of the stirring head deviating from the vertical direction along the welding direction is 2 degrees, when low-power laser is calibrated, the position of the light beam irradiated on the upper surface of a workpiece is the center of a welding line, the included angle between the laser beam and the horizontal direction is 80 degrees, the position of the laser beam irradiated on a butt joint line of a plate is 2mm away from two ends of the plate, the diameters of a shaft shoulder and the stirring pin are 20mm and 8mm respectively, the length of the stirring pin is 2.9mm, the axial downward pressure is 2000kN in the welding process, the autorotation speed of the stirring pin is 600rpm, the laser power P is 2kW, the estimated time taken by melting the plate is 1.5s, the time taken by cooling to a semi-solid state or a superplastic state is 0.5s, the distance between the position of the laser on the upper surface of the workpiece and the center of the stirring pin is 2mm, the welding speed is 1mm/s, the welding life of the stirring head is more than 500m, and the tensile strength of the welding line after welding is higher than that of a base metal.
Example 2
The additional heat source is an arc: the material to be welded is a 304 stainless steel plate with the thickness of 3mm in butt joint, a stirring head, a TIG electric arc and a gas protection device are sequentially arranged along the welding direction, the interval between a gas protection nozzle and the edge of a shaft shoulder is 10mm, the included angle along the horizontal direction is 45 degrees, and the protection gas is a mixed gas of argon and helium. The angle of the stirring head deviating from the vertical direction along the welding direction is 2 degrees, the heating position of a TIG electric arc on the upper surface of a workpiece is the center of a welding seam, the included angle between the TIG electric arc and the horizontal direction is 85 degrees, the position of a TIG electric arc heating plate butt joint line is 3mm away from the two ends of the plate, the diameters of a shaft shoulder and a stirring pin are 20mm and 8mm respectively, the length of the stirring pin is 2.9mm, the axial downward pressure is 3000kN in the welding process, the rotation speed of the stirring pin is 600rpm, the TIG electric arc power P is 3.5kW, the estimated time for melting the plate is 2.5s, the time for cooling to a semi-solid state or a superplastic state is 0.6s, the distance between the heating position of the TIG electric arc on the upper surface of the workpiece and the center of the stirring pin is 2.8mm, the welding speed is 1mm/s, the welding life of the stirring head is over 500m, and the tensile strength of the welding seam after welding is higher than that of a base metal.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (7)

1. An additional heat source assisted friction stir welding device, comprising:
the stirring head is used for welding, is rotatably inserted into a butt joint or lap joint welding line of a workpiece and can move;
the additional heat source component is used for providing heat for the workpiece and forming an additional heat source heating area on the surface of the workpiece, the additional heat source component is arranged in front of the stirring head and is away from the stirring head by a set distance, the included angle between the additional heat source component and the upper surface of the workpiece is alpha, and alpha is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees;
the gas protection device is positioned above the side of the additional heat source heating area and/or in front of the stirring head and is used for introducing protective gas into the welding area;
the additional heat source component is connected with the clamping mechanism of the stirring head through a rigid connecting piece, so that the movement synchronization of the stirring head and the additional heat source component is realized;
the additional heat source provided by the additional heat source component is laser;
the moving speed of the stirring head is the welding speed V 1 The relation with the welding seam length S and the additional heat source power P is as follows:
Figure FDA0003879548600000011
wherein, delta H is the molar melting heat of the workpiece, n is the unit molar weight of the workpiece irradiated by the laser, delta T is the temperature difference of the liquid-solid phase line of the workpiece, and V 2 Is the workpiece cooling rate.
2. The auxiliary heat source friction stir welding device of claim 1, wherein said shielding gas is nitrogen or argon or helium or carbon dioxide or hydrogen or a mixture of argon and helium or a mixture of carbon dioxide and argon or a mixture of carbon dioxide and helium or a mixture of hydrogen and argon.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the gas shield assembly comprises a gas shield nozzle having an axial angle β between 0 ° and 90 ° with respect to the upper surface of the workpiece.
4. The auxiliary heat source friction stir welding apparatus of claim 1 wherein said pin has a shoulder diameter of 1mm to 100mm.
5. An auxiliary heat source stirring friction welding method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
1) The additional heat source part is arranged in front of the stirring head and on the upper surface of the workpiece, the moving speed of the additional heat source part is consistent with the welding speed, the included angle between the additional heat source part and the upper surface of the workpiece is alpha, alpha is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees, and a gas protection device capable of protecting gas is arranged above a heating area of the additional heat source part and/or in front of the stirring head;
2) Before welding, the workpiece is heated to a molten state through the additional heat source component and then cooled to a semi-solid state or superplastic state, or the part to be welded of the workpiece is directly heated to reach the semi-solid state or superplastic state;
3) In the welding process, the moving direction of the additional heat source component and the stirring pin of the stirring head is always the welding direction, the additional heat source heats the workpiece to a semi-solid state or superplastic state, and the stirring head performs welding in a semi-solid state or superplastic state area along the advancing direction of the additional heat source at a set welding speed;
the additional heat source provided by the additional heat source part is laser;
the moving speed of the stirring head is the welding speed V 1 The relation with the welding seam length S and the additional heat source power P is as follows:
Figure FDA0003879548600000021
wherein, delta H is the molar melting heat of the workpiece, n is the unit molar weight of the workpiece irradiated by the laser, delta T is the temperature difference of the liquid-solid phase line of the workpiece, and V 2 The workpiece cooling rate;
4) And the gas protection device is arranged above the heating area of the additional heat source and/or in front of the stirring head, and protective gas is introduced to protect the welding area.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the additional heat source assisted friction stir welding process is characterized by the additional heat source heating zone being centered on the weld and also centered on the stir head weld at the workpiece upper surface location when welding workpieces of the same material.
7. The friction stir welding method as recited in claim 5, wherein said additional heat source heating area is located on the upper surface of the workpiece to be welded at a position shifted to the high melting point material side, and the shift distance is determined based on the difference between the melting points of the dissimilar materials.
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CN111421225B (en) * 2020-05-07 2023-11-24 铜陵学院 Friction stir butt welding device for titanium-nickel dissimilar materials and processing method thereof
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