CN109384451A - 一种低温一次烧成的抗菌日用陶瓷及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种低温一次烧成的抗菌日用陶瓷及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109384451A CN109384451A CN201811216859.0A CN201811216859A CN109384451A CN 109384451 A CN109384451 A CN 109384451A CN 201811216859 A CN201811216859 A CN 201811216859A CN 109384451 A CN109384451 A CN 109384451A
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Abstract
本发明具体涉及一种低温一次烧成的抗菌日用陶瓷及其制备方法,属于日用陶瓷及其制备技术领域。所述抗菌日用陶瓷包括坯体和覆盖在坯体表面的釉层;所述釉层依次由底釉层和面釉层成,所述底釉层与所述坯体直接接触。制备方法包括:先进行制作坯体,再在坯体上施底釉层,再在底釉层上施面釉层,再进行低温一次烧结制得成品。本发明解决了日用陶瓷制备工艺复杂、整体质量不均衡以及质量不高的问题,具有制备工艺简单、抑菌效果好、质量稳定且质量高的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及日用陶瓷及其制备技术领域,具体涉及一种低温一次烧成的抗菌日用陶瓷及其制备方法。
背景技术
陶瓷是陶器和瓷器的总称。人们早在约8000年前的新石器时代就发明了陶器。常见的陶瓷材料有粘土、氧化铝、高岭土等。陶瓷材料一般硬度较高,但可塑性较差。除了使用于食器、装饰上外,陶瓷在科学、技术的发展中亦扮演着重要角色。陶瓷原料是地球原有的大量资源黏土经过淬取而成。而粘土的性质具韧性,常温遇水可塑,微干可雕,全干可磨;烧至700度可成陶器能装水;烧至1230度则瓷化,可几乎完全不吸水且耐高温耐腐蚀。其用法之弹性,在今日文化科技中有各种创意的应用。一般来说,陶瓷生产过程包括坯料制造、坯体成型、瓷器烧结等三个基本阶段。同时陶瓷生产过程的组成可按生产各阶段的不同作用分为生产技术准备过程、基本生产过程、辅助生产过程和生产服务过程。
日用陶瓷是指人们日常生活中必不可少的生活用瓷。由于日用陶瓷产品均有一定的吸水性,使用后的清洗过程中产品坯体会吸入一些水份,在微波炉、烤箱中使用过程中水份的气化可能会造成产品的开裂或破损。极个别产品可能因水份汽化的速度过快,水汽无法通过产品的无釉处逸出,导致产品在微波炉、烤箱内炸裂。当然日用瓷器也有美中不足之处。最大弱点是抗冲击强度低,不耐摔碰,容易破损,是一种易碎品。此外,一般说来,它不适于明火直烧作炊具用,有的还不耐蒸煮。在现有技术中,日用陶瓷的质量难以保持稳定,且制备工艺复杂。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种低温一次烧成的抗菌日用陶瓷及其制备方法,解决了日用陶瓷制备工艺复杂、整体质量不均衡以及质量不高的问题,具有制备工艺简单、抑菌效果好、质量稳定且质量高的优点。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种低温一次烧成的抗菌日用陶瓷,包括坯体和覆盖在坯体表面的釉层:
所述坯体由如下重量份的组分组成:精制黏土45-60份,精制钾长石粉10-15份,精制钠长石粉10-15份,精制黑云母粉10-15份,硅藻土10-15份,硅酸钠5-8份,甲壳质10-15份,氧化铝5-8份,氧化铜5-8份,氧化锌5-8份,煅烧助剂4-7份;
所述釉层由下至上依次为底釉层、面釉层,所述底釉层与所述坯体直接接触;
所述底釉层由如下重量份的组分组成:精制钾长石粉28-32份,精制钠长石粉20-25份,精制黏土15-20份,精制石英10-12份,碳酸镁10-13份;
所述面釉层由如下重量份的组分组成:活性防水剂5-8份,无机颜料3-6份,精制硅灰石10-15份,精制钾长石粉10-15份,精制钠长石粉10-15份,精制黏土15-20份,精制石英10-12份,碳酸镁10-13份。
抗菌日用陶瓷包括坯体和覆盖在坯体表面的釉层,其中釉层包括底釉层、面釉层,其中坯体采用的原料基本为精制后的粉末,具有纯度更高、杂质更少以及粉质细腻的优点,制备得到的坯体更为稳定、质量更高。
进一步优选地:所述坯体由如下重量份的组分组成:精制黏土50份,精制钾长石粉12份,精制钠长石粉12份,精制黑云母粉12份,硅藻土12份,硅酸钠6份,,甲壳质12份,氧化铝6份,氧化铜6份,氧化锌6份,煅烧助剂6份;
所述底釉层由如下重量份的组分组成:精制钾长石粉30份,精制钠长石粉22份,精制黏土18份,精制石英11份,碳酸镁12份;
所述面釉层由如下重量份的组分组成:活性防水剂6份,无机颜料4份,硅灰石12份,精制钾长石粉12份,精制钠长石粉12份,精制黏土18份,精制石英11份,碳酸镁12份。
釉层的底釉层、面釉层使得上釉之后效果更好,分为两次上釉之后釉层与坯体的结合更为紧密,釉层中采用的无机颜料均为无毒害性的颜料,适用于日用陶瓷;釉层的底釉层、面釉层中也采用部分精制后的粉末,具有纯度更高、杂质更少以及粉质细腻的优点。
进一步地:所述精制黏土的具体制备为:将黏土水洗后进行干燥,再过200目筛即得精制黏土;
所述精制钠长石粉的具体制备为:将钠长石在1100℃下煅烧3-5h后,再进行研磨,将研磨的粉末过200目筛即得精制钠长石粉;
所述精制黑云母粉的具体制备为:将黑云母在1300℃下煅烧3-5h后,再进行研磨,将研磨的粉末过200目筛即得精制黑云母粉;
所述精制硅灰石的具体制备为:将硅灰石在1200℃下煅烧1-2h后,再进行研磨,将研磨的粉末过200目筛即得精制硅灰石粉;
所述精制石英的具体制备为:将石英加入粉碎机中粉碎,再过200目筛即得精制石英。
进一步地,所述煅烧助剂由如下重量份的组分组成:羧甲基纤维素钠2-3份,硬脂酸钠1-2份。
进一步地,所述活性防水剂为十二烷基硫酸钠。
进一步地,所述无机颜料由如下重量份的组分组成:二氧化钛1.5-2.0份,氧化铁红1.5-2.0份,锰紫1.5-2.0份,钛黄1.5-2.0份。
上述低温一次烧成的抗菌日用陶瓷的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一、按照重量份配比先将硅藻土、硅酸钠、甲壳质、氧化铝、氧化铜、氧化锌和煅烧助剂加入球磨机中研磨至≥200目,再加入精制黏土、精制钾长石粉、精制钠长石粉和精制黑云母粉搅拌均匀后,加水制成泥浆黏度为300-320mPa·s的坯料,坯料经除铁、粗练、精练处理后塑形,在65-70℃下烘干即得坯体;
步骤二、按照重量份配比将精制钾长石粉、精制钠长石粉、精制黏土、精制石英、碳酸镁和水真空搅拌混合得到波美度为55-60°Bé的釉水,将釉水喷在坯体上,之后自然风干形成底釉层;
步骤三、按照重量份配比将活性防水剂、无机颜料、精制硅灰石、精制钾长石粉、精制钠长石粉、精制黏土、精制石英、碳酸镁和水真空搅拌混合得到波美度为50-55°Bé的釉水,将釉水喷在底釉层上,之后自然干燥形成面釉层;
步骤四、将施釉完成的坯体在1050-1150℃下烧结2-3h得到低温一次烧结的日用陶瓷制品。
坯体含有抑菌物质,抑菌效果好,其中坯体中的甲壳质、氧化铝、氧化铜和氧化锌均具有一定的抑菌效果,相互叠加之后抑菌效果不消减;在制备过程中,工艺简单,烧制温度低,一次烧结而成,不易出现裂痕。
进一步地,所述真空搅拌混合的真空度为0.1-0.5MPa,搅拌速率120-150r/min,搅拌时间20-30min。
发明的有益效果是:
1.抗菌日用陶瓷包括坯体和覆盖在坯体表面的釉层,其中釉层包括底釉层、面釉层,其中坯体采用的原料基本为精制后的粉末,具有纯度更高、杂质更少以及粉质细腻的优点,制备得到的坯体更为稳定、质量更高;
2.釉层的底釉层、面釉层使得上釉之后效果更好,分为两次上釉之后釉层与坯体的结合更为紧密,釉层中采用的无机颜料均为无毒害性的颜料,适用于日用陶瓷;釉层的底釉层、面釉层中也采用部分精制后的粉末,具有纯度更高、杂质更少以及粉质细腻的优点;
3.坯体含有抑菌物质,抑菌效果好,其中坯体中的甲壳质、氧化铝、氧化铜和氧化锌均具有一定的抑菌效果,相互叠加之后抑菌效果不消减;在制备过程中,工艺简单,烧制温度低,一次烧结而成,不易出现裂痕。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例进一步详细描述本发明的技术方案,但本发明的保护范围不局限于以下所述。
一种低温一次烧成的抗菌日用陶瓷,包括坯体和覆盖在坯体表面的釉层:
所述坯体由如下重量份的组分组成:精制黏土45-60份,精制钾长石粉10-15份,精制钠长石粉10-15份,精制黑云母粉10-15份,硅藻土10-15份,硅酸钠5-8份,甲壳质10-15份,氧化铝5-8份,氧化铜5-8份,氧化锌5-8份,煅烧助剂4-7份;
所述釉层由下至上依次为底釉层、面釉层,所述底釉层与所述坯体直接接触;
所述底釉层由如下重量份的组分组成:精制钾长石粉28-32份,精制钠长石粉20-25份,精制黏土15-20份,精制石英10-12份,碳酸镁10-13份;
所述面釉层由如下重量份的组分组成:活性防水剂5-8份,无机颜料3-6份,精制硅灰石10-15份,精制钾长石粉10-15份,精制钠长石粉10-15份,精制黏土15-20份,精制石英10-12份,碳酸镁10-13份。
具体地:所述精制黏土的具体制备为:将黏土水洗后进行干燥,再过200目筛即得精制黏土;
所述精制钠长石粉的具体制备为:将钠长石在1100℃下煅烧3-5h后,再进行研磨,将研磨的粉末过200目筛即得精制钠长石粉;
所述精制黑云母粉的具体制备为:将黑云母在1300℃下煅烧3-5h后,再进行研磨,将研磨的粉末过200目筛即得精制黑云母粉;
所述精制硅灰石的具体制备为:将硅灰石在1200℃下煅烧1-2h后,再进行研磨,将研磨的粉末过200目筛即得精制硅灰石;
所述精制石英的具体制备为:将石英加入粉碎机中粉碎,再过200目筛即得精制石英。
具体地,所述煅烧助剂由如下重量份的组分组成:羧甲基纤维素钠2-3份,硬脂酸钠1-2份。
具体地,所述活性防水剂为十二烷基硫酸钠。
具体地,所述无机颜料由如下重量份的组分组成:二氧化钛1.5-2.0份,氧化铁红1.5-2.0份,锰紫1.5-2.0份,钛黄1.5-2.0份。
上述低温一次烧成的抗菌日用陶瓷的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一、按照重量份配比先将硅藻土、硅酸钠、甲壳质、氧化铝、氧化铜、氧化锌和煅烧助剂加入球磨机中研磨至≥200目,再加入精制黏土、精制钾长石粉、精制钠长石粉和精制黑云母粉搅拌均匀后,加水制成泥浆黏度为300-320mPa·s的坯料,坯料经除铁、粗练、精练处理后塑形,在65-70℃下烘干即得坯体;
步骤二、按照重量份配比将精制钾长石粉、精制钠长石粉、精制黏土、精制石英、碳酸镁和水真空搅拌混合得到波美度为55-60°Bé的釉水,将釉水喷在坯体上,之后自然风干形成底釉层;
步骤三、按照重量份配比将活性防水剂、无机颜料、精制硅灰石、精制钾长石粉、精制钠长石粉、精制黏土、精制石英、碳酸镁和水真空搅拌混合得到波美度为50-55°Bé的釉水,将釉水喷在底釉层上,之后自然干燥形成面釉层;
步骤四、将施釉完成的坯体在1050-1150℃下烧结2-3h得到低温一次烧结的日用陶瓷制品。
具体地,所述真空搅拌混合的真空度为0.1-0.5MPa,搅拌速率120-150r/min,搅拌时间20-30min。
实施例1-实施例6的具体组成、制备参数如表1所示,其中实施例1-实施例4为本发明限定的技术方案,实施例5中不包括甲壳质、氧化铝、氧化铜和氧化锌,实施例6中不包括甲壳质,实施例5与实施例6为对照实施例。
表1实施例1-实施例6的具体组成、制备参数
实施例1-实施例6的实验性能数据如表2所示,其中实施例1-实施例4为本发明限定的技术方案,实施例5中不包括甲壳质、氧化铝、氧化铜和氧化锌,实施例6中不包括甲壳质,实施例5与实施例6为对照实施例。
依照《抗菌加工制品的抗菌性能试验方法》,检测了所制备陶瓷的抗菌性能,所述的试验菌种为第3代金黄色葡萄球菌。
抗热震性采用长条试样(230mm×114mm×31mm或230mm×65mm×31mm)以一个面(230mm×3lmm)为受热面,在均热板上自室温以规定的速率加热至1000℃,保持30min,然后置于空气中淬冷。以热震前、后抗折强度变化百分率评价其损伤程度。
耐酸腐蚀采用浓硫酸浸泡24h;耐碱腐蚀采用氢氧化钠饱和溶液浸泡24h;耐盐腐蚀采用氯化钠饱和溶液浸泡24h。
表2实施例1-实施例6的性能测试数据
由上表可知,实施例5不添加甲壳质、氧化铝、氧化铜和氧化锌的实施例中耐酸碱腐蚀的性能减弱,且杀菌效果减弱,即抗菌性能较差;实施例6中不添加甲壳质,杀菌效果减弱,即抗菌性能较差。实施例1-实施例4具有良好的杀菌效果和耐腐蚀性能。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当理解本发明并非局限于本文所披露的形式,不应看作是对其他实施例的排除,而可用于各种其他组合、修改和环境,并能够在本文所述构想范围内,通过上述教导或相关领域的技术或知识进行改动。而本领域人员所进行的改动和变化不脱离本发明的精神和范围,则都应在本发明所附权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种低温一次烧成的抗菌日用陶瓷,包括坯体和覆盖在坯体表面的釉层,其特征在于:
所述坯体由如下重量份的组分组成:精制黏土45-60份,精制钾长石粉10-15份,精制钠长石粉10-15份,精制黑云母粉10-15份,硅藻土10-15份,硅酸钠5-8份,甲壳质10-15份,氧化铝5-8份,氧化铜5-8份,氧化锌5-8份,煅烧助剂4-7份;
所述釉层由下至上依次为底釉层、面釉层,所述底釉层与所述坯体直接接触;
所述底釉层由如下重量份的组分组成:精制钾长石粉28-32份,精制钠长石粉20-25份,精制黏土15-20份,精制石英10-12份,碳酸镁10-13份;
所述面釉层由如下重量份的组分组成:活性防水剂5-8份,无机颜料3-6份,精制硅灰石10-15份,精制钾长石粉10-15份,精制钠长石粉10-15份,精制黏土15-20份,精制石英10-12份,碳酸镁10-13份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种低温一次烧成的抗菌日用陶瓷,其特征在于:
所述坯体由如下重量份的组分组成:精制黏土50份,精制钾长石粉12份,精制钠长石粉12份,精制黑云母粉12份,硅藻土12份,硅酸钠6份,甲壳质12份,氧化铝6份,氧化铜6份,氧化锌6份,煅烧助剂6份;
所述底釉层由如下重量份的组分组成:精制钾长石粉30份,精制钠长石粉22份,精制黏土18份,精制石英11份,碳酸镁12份,水45份;
所述面釉层由如下重量份的组分组成:活性防水剂6份,无机颜料4份,硅灰石12份,精制钾长石粉12份,精制钠长石粉12份,精制黏土18份,精制石英11份,碳酸镁12份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种低温一次烧成的抗菌日用陶瓷,其特征在于:
所述精制黏土的具体制备为:将黏土水洗后进行干燥,再过200目筛即得精制黏土;
所述精制钾长石粉的具体制备为:将钾长石在1200℃下煅烧3-5h后,再进行研磨,将研磨的粉末过200目筛即得精制钾长石粉;
所述精制钠长石粉的具体制备为:将钠长石在1100℃下煅烧3-5h后,再进行研磨,将研磨的粉末过200目筛即得精制钠长石粉;
所述精制黑云母粉的具体制备为:将黑云母在1300℃下煅烧3-5h后,再进行研磨,将研磨的粉末过200目筛即得精制黑云母粉;
所述精制硅灰石的具体制备为:将硅灰石在1200℃下煅烧1-2h后,再进行研磨,将研磨的粉末过200目筛即得精制硅灰石粉;
所述精制石英的具体制备为:将石英加入粉碎机中粉碎,再过200目筛即得精制石英。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种低温一次烧成的抗菌日用陶瓷,其特征在于,所述煅烧助剂由如下重量份的组分组成:羧甲基纤维素钠2-3份,硬脂酸钠1-2份。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种低温一次烧成的抗菌日用陶瓷,其特征在于,所述活性防水剂为十二烷基硫酸钠。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种低温一次烧成的抗菌日用陶瓷,其特征在于,所述无机颜料由如下重量份的组分组成:二氧化钛1.5-2.0份,氧化铁红1.5-2.0份,锰紫1.5-2.0份,钛黄1.5-2.0份。
7.权利要求1-6任一项所述的一种低温一次烧成的抗菌日用陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤一、按照重量份配比先将硅藻土、硅酸钠、甲壳质、氧化铝、氧化铜、氧化锌和煅烧助剂加入球磨机中研磨至≥200目,再加入精制黏土、精制钾长石粉、精制钠长石粉和精制黑云母粉搅拌均匀后,加水制成泥浆黏度为300-320mPa•s的坯料,坯料经除铁、粗练、精练处理后塑形,在65-70℃下烘干即得坯体;
步骤二、按照重量份配比将精制钾长石粉、精制钠长石粉、精制黏土、精制石英、碳酸镁和水真空搅拌混合得到波美度为55-60°Bé的釉水,将釉水喷在坯体上,之后自然风干形成底釉层;
步骤三、按照重量份配比将活性防水剂、无机颜料、精制硅灰石、精制钾长石粉、精制钠长石粉、精制黏土、精制石英、碳酸镁和水真空搅拌混合得到波美度为50-55°Bé的釉水,将釉水喷在底釉层上,之后自然干燥形成面釉层;
步骤四、将施釉完成的坯体在1050-1150℃下烧结2-3h得到低温一次烧结的日用陶瓷制品。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种低温一次烧成的抗菌日用陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述真空搅拌混合的真空度为0.1-0.5MPa,搅拌速率120-150r/min,搅拌时间20-30min。
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