CN1093786C - 用于连续或非连续轧制热轧带材的生产设备 - Google Patents
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Abstract
为了把连铸的薄板坯连续或非连续轧制成具有奥氏体组织和/或铁素体组织的热轧带材,本发明建议的生产设备,在连铸设备后和均热炉前设有一台剪切机,在均热炉后和轧机前设有另一台剪切机及一个除鳞装置,并在轧机之后设有一个加热或冷却装置和一台带材卷取机。其中,该设备还具有由譬如五个四辊式机架构成的连续式轧机作为第一轧制机架组并在各四辊式机架之间设有加热装置以及复式卷取机结构的带材卷取机。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于把连铸的板坯轧制成热轧带材的生产设备,其中,在连铸设备或者浇铸机后和均热炉前设有一台剪切机并且在均热炉后和轧机前设有另一台剪切机及一个除鳞装置,并且在该生产设备中,在轧机之后设有一个加热或冷却装置和一台带材卷取机。
如今,用于生产热轧带材的轧制设备的一般设计和操作准则在于,在各个机架中进行奥氏体形变。这就是说,要保证各个机器内的轧制温度须处在铁碳平衡图的高斯线的上方。在最后一道为了取得细晶粒的最终组织应尽可能接近高斯线的轧制道次之后,才进行降至卷取温度的冷却,并在冷却段和在卷取的带卷中完成组织转变。
在用上述方法轧制含碳量低于0.2%的钢时,根据含碳量的大小,终轧温度,即在轧机的最后一个机架内的温度在840至920℃之间。通过终轧速度的选择来保持终轧温度。
该方法可无问题地用于根据轧机类型其最小厚度为约1.3毫米的带材厚度。如果小于该带材厚度,则所需轧制速度在12米/秒以上的范围在非连续运行时在轧机之后的辊道上的自由出口中不能再受控制。
当前的发展趋势是无视上述问题,带材的最终厚度变得更薄,这促使人们为了能采用较低的轧制速度探寻降低终轧温度的途径。这些轧制过程在铁素体轧制的名称下被公开,因为这些轧制过程是在低于高斯线的温度时,而在α-γ-铁-碳固溶体的范围内或低于高斯线在铁素体范围中进行的。
一种优选的方法规定在奥氏体范围内粗轧,直至轧至低于15毫米的中间厚度并在铁素体的范围内精轧,直至轧至低于1.3毫米的最终厚度。在这两个工序之间,轧材必须由奥氏体范围内的终轧温度被冷却至铁素体范围内的轧制温度,即由温度范围840至920℃冷却至温度范围600至780℃。
在第二个变形阶段之后,终轧温度也在600至780℃的范围内并据此在卷取后,在该温度范围内,在被卷取的带材中发生组织的再结晶。产生的组织可使产品在毋须经过冷轧或热处理的情况下得到应用。
取得好结果的重要前提是保证从奥氏体区冷却至铁素体区的最短冷却时间。为了能把奥氏体充分转变为铁素体,必须严守该最短冷却时间。
在传统结构的热宽带轧机中,实施上述过程有很大困难。从奥氏体向铁素体的转变应在小于15毫米的厚度范围内进行,即在轧材大致处在传统的精轧机组的中心部位的厚度范围内进行。由于在该处由一机架至另一机架的通过时间只有几秒钟,所以实现冷却在原则上虽是可能的,但却不能严守转变所要求的时间。因此,对传统结构的热宽带轧机而言,按所描述的方法实施铁素体轧制是不可能的。
为了能在需要限定出口速度的同时在铁素体的范围内完成对带材厚度可选择的减薄,因此在一个未提前公开的专利申请中建议一种用于轧制热带材的生产设备,其中,轧机的至少第一个机架为可逆式机架结构,在该可逆式机架的前方和后方至少各设有一台炉内卷取机,其中,在位于前方的炉内卷取机和随后的可逆式机架之间设有一个可控的冷却装置。
如传统的设备那样,该生产设备可在奥氏体范围内作业。由粗轧机或薄板坯连铸机提供的厚约50毫米的轧材在一座炉内被加热至约1100℃,在由一个或多个机架构成的可逆式轧机(斯蒂尔轧机)上通过对一个或多个机架的压下而被轧制并且被卷取到设在斯蒂尔轧机之后的炉内卷取机上。在斯蒂尔轧机逆向后,带材被从上述炉内卷取机上拉出并在斯蒂尔轧机的一个或多个机架中被轧至约10毫米的厚度,随后被卷取到入口侧的炉内卷取机上。在该范围内,带材的温度仍一直高于850℃。现在,带材从入口侧的炉内卷取机上开卷并在斯蒂尔机架及轧机的其余机架上被轧至约1毫米的厚度并被卷取机卷取。在带材被入口侧的炉内卷取机卷取之前,可设有一个冷却装置,借助该冷却装置把约10毫米厚的轧制带材冷却至850℃以下。在转变成铁素体后,带材可在斯蒂尔轧机和轧机的其余机架中被轧至约1毫米的厚度。该带材可在毋须经过冷轧或热处理的情况下得以应用。
在具有相关的炉内卷取机的可逆式斯蒂尔轧机上轧制热带材产品是没有问题的。本发明的任务在于提供一种另外的、用于连续或非连续轧制具有奥氏体组织和/或铁素体组织的热轧带材的生产设备。
解决以上任务的技术方案在于,
—一台由多个机架,譬如五个四辊式机架构成的连续式轧机作为第一轧制机架组,
—设在该机架组的相继的四辊式机架之间的各个加热装置,
—复式卷取机结构的带材卷取机。
采用这种设备,可全连续地生产具有奥氏体组织的、其厚度范围为约2.5毫米至12毫米的热轧带材。
在本发明的另一实施形式中规定,在第一轧制机架组或其加热或冷却装置之后设有另一由多个譬如三个精轧机架构成的连续式或非连续式轧机,其中,在必要时在相继的精轧机架之间分别设有一个加热装置或冷却装置;并且在该第二轧制机架组之后设有另一台剪切机及第二台复式卷取机。
在该第二设备部分中,来自前方第一设备部分的热轧带材可被全连续地轧制成其厚度范围为0.5毫米至2.0毫米的、具有奥氏体组织和/或铁素体组织的热轧带材,因为可用设在两个轧制机架组之间的冷却和加热装置和必要时也用设在两个轧制机架组的机架之间的处理装置把热轧带材调整到正确的温度。
在本发明的另一实施形式中规定,在第二轧制机组之后,即第二个复式卷取机之后接有一段设有层流冷却装置的辊道,在该段辊道之后再设有一台剪切机和第三台复式卷取机。
按照本发明,该第三设备部分能借助两个轧制机架组全连续地轧出具有奥氏体组织的、其厚度小于1毫米的热轧带材,其具体的做法在于,至少在两个轧制机架组之间对带材进行加热和在必要时也在第一和第二轧制机架组的机架之间对带材进行加热。
在连续轧制过程中,设在均热炉前后的剪切机在轧机的任何一个轧制机架组出现故障时才使用,而轧机的其它剪切机在连续轧制过程中仅分别与设在其后的复式卷取机协同作业。
本发明的另一实施形式的主要特征还规定,轧机的两个轧制机架组分别包括其数目比完成最大变形加工所需的数目至少多一个的轧制机架。据此,有利地提供了以下可能性,即可分别在每个轧制机架组的任何一个轧制机架上进行“联机”维修或更换工作辊,而其它轧制机架则仍在全连续地进行轧制。在两个轧制机架组的前方有利地设有一台其浇铸速度可为3米/分至18米/分的浇铸机。
在只有一个图的附图中示出了一个本发明的、用于连续或非连续轧制具有奥氏体组织和/或铁素体组织的热轧带材的生产设备。
该生产设备具有一台连铸设备结构的、设计浇铸速度为约3米/分至18米/分的浇铸机1。在该浇铸机之后设有一座均热炉2,在该均热炉的前、后各设有一台剪切机3。这两台剪切机在设在均热炉2之后的轧机出故障时才使用。
在均热炉2和上述轧机的用于对板坯5进行粗轧的第一轧制机架组4之间设有一个除鳞装置7。
第一轧制机架组4包括多个,譬如五个连轧用四辊式机架6。
必要时分别在轧制机架组4的两上相继的四辊式机架6之间设有加热装置8,就是说,在图中所示的实施例中,在五个四辊式机架6之间共设有四个加热装置8,以便使被轧制的带材保持正确的轧制温度。
在此还须指出的是,在下面尚待描述的工作方式中,前述各个加热装置8可各被一个冷却装置取代。
在第一轧制机架组4之后设有一个加热装置或冷却装置9并且其后又设有一台剪切机10。
在剪切机10之后设有一台复式卷取机11,该复式卷取机构成生产设备的第一设备部分的末尾。这个第一生产设备部分适用于全连续轧制具有奥氏体组织的、其厚度约大于2.5毫米的热轧带材5′。
第二设备部分与上述第一设备部分相接。该第二设备部分具有由多个,如三个四辊式精轧机架13构成的第二轧制机架组12。其中,分别在两个相继的精轧机架13之间设有各个加热或冷却装置14,在本实施例中是两个加热或冷却装置14。
在具有四辊式精轧机架13及加热和冷却装置14的第二轧制机架组12之后设有一台用于在连续运行中分断带材的剪切机15,又是一台复式卷取机16构成第二设备部分的尾部。
第二设备部分可全连续轧制具有奥氏体组织和/或铁素体组织的、厚0.5毫米至2.0毫米的热轧带材5″。其前提是,设在第一轧制机架组4和第二轧制机架组12之间的冷却和加热装置9及必要时还有设在第二轧制机架组12的四辊式精轧机架13之间的冷却和加热装置14作用到来自第一设备部分的、通过敞开式剪切机10并越过复式卷取机11的热轧带材5′上,以便轧出具有正确组织的热轧带材。
具有奥氏体组织或铁素体组织的热轧带材5″被复式卷取机16卷取并被剪切机15分断。
在生产设备的第二设备部分之后尚设有第三设备部分。该设备部分包括设在第二轧制机架组12和复式卷取机16之后的一个辊道段17和一个层流冷却装置18。
在层流冷却装置18之后设有一台剪切机19并且在该剪切机19之后又设有一台复式卷取机20。
用第三设备部分可全连续生产具有奥氏体组织厚度大于2毫米的热轧带材5。为此,带材连续地在第一轧制机架组4中并连续地在第二轧制机架组12中被轧制。
如果生产设备的所有三个设备部分均投入运行,则由薄板坯连铸机1提供的薄板坯5连续通过整个设备并且成品热轧带材5被复式卷取机20卷取,届时只有剪切机19工作,所有的其它剪切机3、10和15均不工作而处于敞开位置。
最后为了完整起见,尚须指出的是,在第一轧制机架组4和第二轧制机架组12中,机架6及13的数目的选择应使,该数目比在有关的轧制机架组4和12中完成最大变形加工所需的机架数至少要多一个。据此,提供了以下特殊可能性,即可分别在任何一个四辊式机架6和四辊式精轧机架13上进行“联机”维修或更换工作辊,而其余的四辊式机架6和四辊式精轧机架13则仍在全连续地进行轧制。
Claims (3)
1.用于把连铸机连铸出的板坯轧制成热轧带材的生产设备,其中在一台连铸机(1)和其后设置的均热炉(2)之后为轧制机架组(4;12)配备设置在该轧制机架组之前或之后的剪切机(3;10;15;19)、除鳞装置(7)、加热或冷却装置(9;18)以及在轧制机架组(4;12)的各个机架之间设置的加热或冷却装置(8;14),其特征在于三个前后排列的设备段;其中,第一设备段具有一个由五个或更多的四辊式机架(6)组成的、并在所有的机架之间设有加热-冷却装置(8)的轧制机架组(4)、一个设在该轧制机架组(4)之后的加热-冷却装置(9)和一个卷取机(11),在该设备段中输入的具有奥氏体组织的板坯(5)被轧制成2.5毫米的厚度;其中的第二设备段具有一个由三个或更多的精轧机架(13)组成的、并在所有机架之间同样设有加热-冷却装置(14)的轧制机架组(12)和一个设在其后的卷取机(16),在该设备段中,从设在前面的轧制机架组(4)连续输来的热轧带材(5’)被轧制成具有奥氏体组织或铁素体组织并具有0.5至2.0毫米厚度的热轧带材(5”);第三设备段具有一辊道(17)和层流冷却装置(18)以及设在该辊道之后的卷取机(20),在该设备段中,从设在前面的轧制机架(12)连续输来的热轧带材(5”)被分断并卷成具有奥氏体组织的热轧带材(5)。
2.按照权利要求1所述的生产设备,其特征在于,所述卷取机(11,16,20)被设计为可交替工作的复式卷取机。
3.按照权利要求1所述的生产设备,其特征在于,包括在轧制机架组(4;12)中的各机架的数目总是要比在这些轧制机架组中所要完成的最大变形加工所需的机架数多一个轧制机架。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19540978.7 | 1995-11-03 | ||
DE19540978A DE19540978A1 (de) | 1995-11-03 | 1995-11-03 | Produktionsanlage zum kontinuierlichen- oder diskontinuierlichen Auswalzen von Warmband |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1151912A CN1151912A (zh) | 1997-06-18 |
CN1093786C true CN1093786C (zh) | 2002-11-06 |
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CN96112017A Expired - Fee Related CN1093786C (zh) | 1995-11-03 | 1996-11-01 | 用于连续或非连续轧制热轧带材的生产设备 |
Country Status (11)
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US (1) | US5802902A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0771596B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4338228B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100442035B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1093786C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE194931T1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2188525C (zh) |
DE (2) | DE19540978A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2149414T3 (zh) |
MY (1) | MY120910A (zh) |
TW (1) | TW333474B (zh) |
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- 1996-10-22 CA CA002188525A patent/CA2188525C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 1996-10-30 KR KR1019960049895A patent/KR100442035B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR970025747A (ko) | 1997-06-24 |
EP0771596A1 (de) | 1997-05-07 |
JPH09164404A (ja) | 1997-06-24 |
ATE194931T1 (de) | 2000-08-15 |
TW333474B (en) | 1998-06-11 |
DE19540978A1 (de) | 1997-05-07 |
KR100442035B1 (ko) | 2004-10-06 |
US5802902A (en) | 1998-09-08 |
CN1151912A (zh) | 1997-06-18 |
CA2188525A1 (en) | 1997-05-04 |
JP4338228B2 (ja) | 2009-10-07 |
DE59605643D1 (de) | 2000-08-31 |
MY120910A (en) | 2005-12-30 |
ES2149414T3 (es) | 2000-11-01 |
EP0771596B1 (de) | 2000-07-26 |
CA2188525C (en) | 2006-12-19 |
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