CN109370604B - Soil conditioner for pepper planting field and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Soil conditioner for pepper planting field and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109370604B CN109370604B CN201811361632.5A CN201811361632A CN109370604B CN 109370604 B CN109370604 B CN 109370604B CN 201811361632 A CN201811361632 A CN 201811361632A CN 109370604 B CN109370604 B CN 109370604B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D5/00—Fertilisers containing magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
Abstract
The scheme discloses a soil conditioner for a pepper planting field in the technical field of pepper planting, which comprises, by weight, 26-37 parts of pine bark, 73-95 parts of attapulgite, 0.8-1.2 parts of EM (effective microorganisms), 28-35 parts of fermented rice husk, 23-37 parts of grass peat, 37-52 parts of vinegar residue and 15-18 parts of tobacco. The preparation method comprises the following steps: step one, putting pine barks and tobaccos into water for soaking and fermenting for 15-20 days; step two, firstly wetting the rice husks until the water content is 50-60%, then spreading a layer of urea on each 8-12 cm thick rice husk, wherein the addition amount of the urea is 0.35-0.65% of that of the dry rice husks, and then fermenting in a closed manner for 60-70 days to obtain fermented rice husks; step three, mixing the fermented chaff, the grass peat, the vinegar residue, the attapulgite, the soaked pine bark and the tobacco to obtain a mixture, and fermenting the mixture in a closed manner for 15-20 days; and step four, mixing the fermented mixture with EM (effective microorganisms) to obtain the soil conditioner for the pepper planting field. The soil conditioner in the scheme can obviously improve the problems of self-toxicity and deterioration of physical and chemical shapes of soil caused by continuous cropping of the peppers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pepper planting, and particularly relates to a soil conditioner for a pepper planting field and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The pepper is an important solanaceous vegetable, and the content of vitamin C of the pepper is at the top of various vegetables. At present, the total yield of the peppers in China already occupies the first place in the world, but the peppers have a serious continuous cropping obstacle phenomenon. According to investigation, the continuous cropping age of the pepper producing area is generally 5-10 years, the maximum duration is 20 years, the incidence rate is up to 88%, and the death rate is 38-85%. In addition, the yield of the continuous cropping of the pepper is reduced by 10-15% in 1 year, the reduction rate of the continuous cropping is reduced by 20-30% in 2 years, and the reduction rate of the continuous cropping is reduced by 30-50% in 3 years.
Continuous cropping obstacles have become bottlenecks that restrict the sustainable development of the pepper industry. The reasons for the formation and aggravation of the continuous cropping obstacles are complex and are the external manifestations of the comprehensive effects of many factors in the rhizosphere soil system, including: 1. unbalanced soil nutrient and poor soil physicochemical properties are mainly shown as soil hardening, particularly in karst regions such as Guizhou, the soil hardening phenomenon is more serious under the action of calcium carbonate due to the existence of limestone; 2. the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria in soil, the imbalance of the microbial function of rhizosphere and the increase of harmful bacteria cause the adverse potential of beneficial bacteria; 3. allelochemicals are substances that cause allelochemicals in plants, which often cause autotoxicity in plants. Wherein, the autotoxicity is the phenomenon that plants release chemical substances to the environment through leaching, residue decomposition and root secretion to generate direct or indirect toxic action on the plants. Under the condition of continuous cropping, the ecological environment of soil has great influence on the growth of plants, particularly, metabolites of plant residues and pathogenic microorganisms have toxic effect on the plants, and influence the metabolism of the plants together with autotoxic substances secreted by plant root exudates, and finally, the autotoxic effect is caused. The autotoxicity of the residual secondary metabolites of the previous plants to the new plants can be the main reason of continuous cropping obstacle. In order to relieve continuous cropping obstacles, agricultural measures such as intercropping, soil improvement, ectopic seedling raising and the like are frequently adopted, but the measures are difficult to eliminate the autotoxicity caused by autotoxic substances.
The traditional measure for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle of vegetable crops is rotation, but due to the specialized and industrialized production of modern vegetables, each vegetable production base specially produces a few most suitable vegetables according to the respective climate and soil conditions for supplying to the whole country, and certain vegetable production places even only produce certain vegetables form a relatively perfect nationwide vegetable production division system. Therefore, the implementation of overcoming the self-toxicity of the hot pepper by rotation has certain difficulty, and is not suitable for the production needs of modern vegetables. Soil-borne diseases can also be prevented by sterilizing the soil with chemicals such as methyl bromide, sodium thionate, dazomet, 1, 3-dichloropropene, and bitter chloride. Although these chemical agents can better control the occurrence of replant diseases of plants, there are serious problems of phytotoxicity, environmental pollution and the like, and some chemical agents are prohibited from being produced and used according to the provisions of the Montreal protocol.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a soil conditioner for a pepper planting field and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems of self-toxicity and deterioration of physicochemical shape of soil caused by continuous cropping of peppers.
The soil conditioner for the pepper planting field comprises, by weight, 26-37 parts of pine bark, 73-95 parts of attapulgite, 0.8-1.2 parts of EM (effective microorganisms), 28-35 parts of fermented rice husk, 23-37 parts of grass carbon, 37-52 parts of vinegar residue and 15-18 parts of tobacco.
The beneficial effect of this scheme: the soil conditioner in the scheme is put into a pepper planting field, pine bark, attapulgite, turf, fermented chaff and vinegar residue are used as basic raw materials, and necessary nutrient substances are provided for the growth of pepper. The pine bark and the fermented chaff have high organic content, good air permeability and the efficacy of controlling air and moisture, and are decomposed uniformly and slowly to achieve the effect of long-acting fertilization. Meanwhile, the vinegar residue, the peat, the fermented chaff and the pine bark provide sufficient nutrient substances for the growth of the EM bacteria, and the EM bacteria decompose the EM bacteria into mineral elements which are more beneficial to the absorption of the hot pepper, so that the physicochemical characteristics of the soil are improved, the number of beneficial flora in the soil is increased, the formation of dominant colony is facilitated, and the growth space of germs is reduced. Meanwhile, the pine bark, the attapulgite and the fermented chaff have strong adsorption effect, so that autotoxic substances in the soil can be absorbed and gathered, and the attapulgite and the tobacco can effectively kill germs; meanwhile, EM bacteria decompose and eliminate autotoxic substances. The soil conditioner in the scheme has good air permeability and water retention property on the one hand, and has the functions of self-toxic substance elimination, germ killing and soil structure improvement simultaneously. Can obviously improve the problems of self-toxicity and deterioration of the physical and chemical shapes of the soil caused by continuous cropping of the peppers.
Further, the soil conditioner for the pepper planting field comprises, by weight, 28-32 parts of pine bark, 81-93 parts of attapulgite, 0.9-1.1 parts of EM (effective microorganisms), 28-35 parts of fermented chaff, 23-31 parts of grass peat, 46-52 parts of vinegar residue and 15-18 parts of tobacco. The soil in the Guizhou karst mountain area is alkaline due to the action of carbonate, and the pH value of the soil conditioner is reduced by properly increasing the proportion of the vinegar residue, so that the soil conditioner is more suitable for the soil in the Guizhou karst mountain area.
Further, the soil conditioner for the pepper planting field comprises the raw materials of, by weight, 32 parts of pine bark, 85 parts of attapulgite, 1.0 part of EM (effective microorganism) bacteria, 35 parts of fermented rice husk, 26 parts of grass peat, 46 parts of vinegar residue and 17 parts of tobacco.
Further, the preparation method of the soil conditioner for the pepper planting field comprises the following steps:
step one, putting pine barks and tobaccos into water for soaking and fermenting for 15-20 days;
step two, firstly wetting the rice husks until the water content is 50-60%, then spreading a layer of urea on each 8-12 cm thick rice husk, wherein the addition amount of the urea is 0.35-0.65% of that of the dry rice husks, and then fermenting in a closed manner for 60-70 days to obtain fermented rice husks;
step three, mixing the fermented chaff, the grass peat, the vinegar residue, the attapulgite, the soaked pine bark and the tobacco to obtain a mixture, and fermenting the mixture in a closed manner for 15-20 days;
and step four, mixing the fermented mixture with EM (effective microorganisms) to obtain the soil conditioner for the pepper planting field.
The beneficial effect of this scheme: the pine bark and the tobacco are rich in cellulose, and are subjected to soaking fermentation treatment to soften the texture and fully kill internal germs; during the process of fermenting the chaff to obtain the fermented chaff, not only mouldy substances such as broken rice and the like mixed in the chaff are decomposed and stabilized by fermentation, but also the components such as cellulose, lignin, protein and the like rich in the chaff are decomposed into necessary nutrient elements such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon and the like which are beneficial to plant absorption; the fermented chaff obtained by the fermentation and degreasing treatment does not mildew, does not change the structure of the chaff, has good drainage and air permeability, can increase the porosity of the soil conditioner, and improves the air permeability of the soil conditioner. And then, the mixture is subjected to closed fermentation, germs in the mixture are further killed, and meanwhile, easily-deteriorated substances in the vinegar residue are decomposed and further stabilized, so that later mildewing is avoided.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
example 1, a method for preparing a soil conditioner for a pepper planting field, comprising the steps of:
step one, putting pine bark and tobacco into water for soaking and fermenting for 18 d;
step two, firstly wetting the rice husks until the water content is 55%, then spreading a layer of urea on each 8-12 cm thick rice husk, wherein the addition amount of the urea is 0.35-0.65% of that of the dry rice husks, and then fermenting in a closed manner for 65d to obtain fermented rice husks;
step three, mixing the fermented chaff, the grass peat, the vinegar residue, the attapulgite, the soaked pine bark and the tobacco to obtain a mixture, and carrying out closed fermentation on the mixture for 17 d;
step four, mixing the fermented mixture with EM bacteria to obtain a soil conditioner for the pepper planting field; according to the weight portion, the EM bacteria accounts for 1.0 portion, and the mixture comprises 32 portions of pine bark, 85 portions of attapulgite, 35 portions of fermented chaff, 26 portions of grass peat, 46 portions of vinegar residue and 17 portions of tobacco.
Embodiment 2, a method for preparing a soil conditioner for a pepper planting field, comprising the steps of:
step one, putting pine barks and tobaccos into water for soaking and fermenting for 20 d;
step two, wetting the rice husks until the water content is 60%, then spreading a layer of urea on each 8-10 cm thick rice husk, wherein the addition amount of the urea is 0.35-0.52% of the rice husks, and then performing closed fermentation for 70d to obtain fermented rice husks;
step three, mixing the fermented chaff, the grass peat, the vinegar residue, the attapulgite, the soaked pine bark and the tobacco to obtain a mixture, and fermenting the mixture in a closed manner for 20 days;
step four, mixing the fermented mixture with EM bacteria to obtain a soil conditioner for the pepper planting field; according to the weight portion, the EM bacteria accounts for 1.2 portions, and the mixture comprises 37 portions of pine bark, 95 portions of attapulgite, 30 portions of fermented chaff, 37 portions of grass peat, 52 portions of vinegar residue and 15 portions of tobacco.
Embodiment 3, a method for preparing a soil conditioner for a pepper planting field, comprising the steps of:
step one, putting pine barks and tobaccos into water for soaking and fermenting for 15 d;
step two, wetting the rice husks until the water content is 50%, then spreading a layer of urea on each 9-11 cm thick rice husk, wherein the addition amount of the urea is 0.43-0.62% of the rice husks, and then fermenting in a closed manner for 60 days to obtain fermented rice husks;
step three, mixing the fermented chaff, the grass peat, the vinegar residue, the attapulgite, the soaked pine bark and the tobacco to obtain a mixture, and fermenting the mixture in a closed manner for 15 d;
step four, mixing the fermented mixture with EM bacteria to obtain a soil conditioner for the pepper planting field; according to the weight portion, the EM bacteria accounts for 0.8 portion, and the mixture comprises 26 portions of pine bark, 73 portions of attapulgite, 28 portions of fermented chaff, 23 portions of grass peat, 37 portions of vinegar residue and 18 portions of tobacco.
Comparative example 1 is different from example 1 only in that EM bacteria are absent in the soil conditioner for pepper plantation.
Comparative example 2 is different from example 1 only in that fermented chaff is absent in the soil conditioner for pepper plantation.
Comparative example 3 is different from example 1 only in that the soil conditioner for pepper plantation lacks pine bark.
Comparative example 4 is different from example 1 only in that vinegar residue is absent in the soil conditioner for pepper plantation.
Comparative example 5 is different from example 1 only in that the soil conditioner for pepper plantation lacks tobacco.
Comparative example 6 is different from example 1 only in that vinegar residue and EM bacteria are absent in the soil conditioner for pepper plantation.
Comparative example 7 is different from example 1 only in that fermented chaff is unfermented chaff in the soil conditioner for pepper plantation.
Comparative example 8 is different from example 1 only in that pine bark and tobacco were not subjected to the maceration fermentation treatment when preparing the soil conditioner for pepper plantation.
In the above examples and comparative examples, each part weight was 1 kg.
Physical properties of the soil conditioner for pepper plantation prepared in examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-8 are shown in table one:
watch 1
| Group of | Air vent hole (%) | Water holding pore (%) |
| Example 1 | 15.62 | 52.37 |
| Example 2 | 15.38 | 51.96 |
| Example 3 | 15.46 | 52.35 |
| Comparative example 1 | 15.38 | 52.21 |
| Comparative example 2 | 13.85 | 49.76 |
| Comparative example 3 | 14.86 | 48.97 |
| Comparative example 4 | 17.65 | 53.96 |
| Comparative example 5 | 16.37 | 52.94 |
| Comparative example 6 | 17.32 | 53.66 |
| Comparative example 7 | 15.37 | 52.16 |
| Comparative example 8 | 14.98 | 51.98 |
As can be seen from the table I, the soil conditioner prepared in the examples 1-2 and the comparative examples 1-8 has good air permeability and water retention performance. It can be seen from comparative example 1 that the EM bacteria have a positive effect on increasing the air permeability and water retentivity of the soil conditioner.
In 2017, a test site is selected in a Zunyi Tucheng production base, and the pepper variety is Zunjiao II; the test is carried out by a plastic greenhouse which is continuously planted for 5 years, the test land is divided into 12 blocks, and the area of each block is 480 square meters; respectively adding the soil conditioner prepared in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-8 into 11 of 12 pepper planting fields, wherein the spreading thickness of the soil conditioner is 5CM, and mixing the soil conditioner with the pepper planting fields; the remaining one was used as a control group without soil conditioner. Then, high-ridge double-row cultivation is adopted, the plant-row spacing is 30cm multiplied by 55cm, the conventional cultivation method is used as a contrast, and the greenhouse conventional management of the peppers after the autumn delay is carried out. Compared with a control group, the yield of the hot pepper in the embodiments 1 to 3 is improved by 16.72 to 21.65 percent; comparative example 1 was 6.68% higher; comparative example 2 is 12.49% higher; comparative example 3 is 14.81% higher; comparative example 4 was 11.85% improved; comparative example 5 is 13.62% improved; comparative example 3.37%; comparative example 7 raised by 1.35%; comparative example 8 was raised by 2.36%. The EM bacteria in the scheme have an important effect on improvement of the pepper planting field; meanwhile, the fermented chaff, pine bark, tobacco, vinegar residue and the like have positive effects on improving the continuous cropping pepper field.
Claims (3)
1. A soil conditioner for a pepper planting field is characterized in that: the raw materials comprise, by weight, 26-37 parts of pine bark, 73-95 parts of attapulgite, 0.8-1.2 parts of EM (effective microorganisms), 28-35 parts of fermented rice husk, 23-37 parts of grass peat, 37-52 parts of vinegar residue and 15-18 parts of tobacco; the preparation method comprises the following steps: step one, putting pine barks and tobaccos into water for soaking and fermenting for 15-20 days;
step two, firstly wetting the rice husks until the water content is 50-60%, then spreading a layer of urea on each 8-12 cm thick rice husk, wherein the addition amount of the urea is 0.35-0.65% of that of the dry rice husks, and then fermenting in a closed manner for 60-70 days to obtain fermented rice husks;
step three, mixing the fermented chaff, the grass peat, the vinegar residue, the attapulgite, the soaked pine bark and the tobacco to obtain a mixture, and fermenting the mixture in a closed manner for 15-20 days;
and step four, mixing the fermented mixture with EM (effective microorganisms) to obtain the soil conditioner for the pepper planting field.
2. A soil conditioner for pepper plantation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the raw materials comprise, by weight, 28-32 parts of pine bark, 81-93 parts of attapulgite, 0.9-1.1 parts of EM (effective microorganisms), 28-35 parts of fermented rice husk, 23-31 parts of grass peat, 46-52 parts of vinegar residue and 15-18 parts of tobacco.
3. A soil conditioner for pepper plantation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the raw materials comprise, by weight, 32 parts of pine bark, 85 parts of attapulgite, 1.0 part of EM (effective microorganism) bacteria, 35 parts of fermented chaff, 26 parts of grass peat, 46 parts of vinegar residue and 17 parts of tobacco.
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| KR20140065054A (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2014-05-29 | 보령시 | Liquid fertilizer for chili growing and method for preparing the same |
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