CN109338249A - 一种铁基非晶软磁合金材料及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种铁基非晶软磁合金材料及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109338249A
CN109338249A CN201811085593.0A CN201811085593A CN109338249A CN 109338249 A CN109338249 A CN 109338249A CN 201811085593 A CN201811085593 A CN 201811085593A CN 109338249 A CN109338249 A CN 109338249A
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iron base
base amorphous
alloy material
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覃思思
曾归余
肖明清
万英豪
钟韬
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Hunan Metallurgical Materials Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C45/00Amorphous alloys
    • C22C45/02Amorphous alloys with iron as the major constituent
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    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/153Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
    • H01F1/15308Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals based on Fe/Ni
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/153Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
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    • H01F1/1535Preparation processes therefor by powder metallurgy, e.g. spark erosion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/0824Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
    • B22F2009/0828Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid with water

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Abstract

本发明提供一种铁基非晶软磁合金材料及其制备方法,所述铁基非晶软磁合金材料由铁、硅、硼、碳组成;按各元素的原子比为Fe∶Si∶B∶C=(100‑X‑Y‑Z)∶X∶Y∶Z,其中X=8.5~9.0,Y=13.0~13.5,Z=2.7~4.0。本发明的铁基非晶软磁合金的成分简单,不含Nb、Co、Ni等贵重金属元素,可采用现有工业化生产手段进行批量生产的非晶软磁合金粉末,可解决目前非晶软磁合金粉末生产工艺繁琐或者合金成分复杂的问题,并且合金粉末形貌较规则,在制备磁粉芯的过程中,不存在刺破绝缘层的弊端。

Description

一种铁基非晶软磁合金材料及制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种铁基非晶软磁合金材料及制备方法,属于铁基合金技术领域。
背景技术
铁基非晶软磁合金由于非晶形成能力不足,目前多被制成薄带状,之后由薄带破碎成粉末。金属软磁粉芯由金属软磁粉末经绝缘包覆后压制而成。用于金属软磁粉芯的金属粉末性能对于磁粉芯的综合性能有着重要影响。对于金属软磁而言,非晶态的合金比晶态具有更好的综合磁性能,即同时具有较高的饱和磁化强度和磁导率,以及较低的损耗。但是,由于非晶合金形成的冷却速率通常要求在106K/s以上,传统的制粉工艺很难满足,故目前较普遍的做法是首先制成非晶薄带,之后再通过破碎的方法得到非晶软磁粉末。由薄带破碎而来的粉末颗粒仍保持片状结构,边缘十分尖锐,在后续制成磁粉芯的绝缘包覆及压制过程中,容易刺破绝缘包覆层,导致磁性颗粒的直接接触形成涡流,使粉芯的损耗急剧增大。
在非晶合金粉末的制备领域中,目前较成熟的雾化方法为利用惰性气体(如氩气)或者氮气作雾化介质的气体雾化法,所得到的非晶粉末球形度高,氧气含量低。但其局限在于冷却速率不够高,一般为102K/s~104K/s,因此通常需要通过严格控制合金成分来确保合金具有较强的非晶形成能力,如中国发明专利CN 101226803中公开的Fe(100-a-b-c-x-y-z-t) CraMbTcPxSiyBzCt,利用Cr、P、C等5种以上元素掺杂,成分复杂,且仍含有较贵的金属元素。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是,现有的铁基非晶软磁合金成分复杂,含有Nb、Co、Ni等贵重金属元素,成本较高,且制备工艺繁琐。
本发明的技术方案是,提供一种铁基非晶软磁合金材料,所述铁基非晶软磁合金材料由铁、硅、硼、碳组成;按各元素的原子比为Fe∶Si∶B∶C=(100-X-Y-Z)∶X∶Y∶Z,其中 X=8.5~9.0,Y=13.0~13.5,Z=2.7~4.0。
优选地,Z=2.7~3.5。更优选地,Z=2.8~3.2。
优选地,X+Y=21.7~22.3。
优选地,X+Y+Z=24.0~26.0。
优选地,X∶Y=2∶3。
优选地,X+Y+Z=25.0,X∶Y=2∶3,Z=2.8~3.0。
本发明的合金的基础成分为:Fe75 Si10 B15,该成分下可制备出的FeSiB三元非晶块体的尺寸最大,偏离这一成分时,样品的尺寸大幅降低,故认为该成分下合金的非晶形成能力最大,选择为基础成分。
本发明在Fe75Si10B15(Fe、Si、B原子百分含量分别为75%、10%和15%)的基础上,通过添加碳元素,增加合金系统的混合熵,从而提高合金的非晶形成能力。
添加方式是保持Fe原子含量不变,以C元素部分替代(Si和B)的总比例,目的在于不降低单位体积内合金中的铁磁性元素原子比例,同时提高合金的非晶形成能力。其原理是: C是非金属元素,且原子半径小,容易占据合金中原子的间空隙位置,使得过熔融金属液中的原子堆积更加紧密,系统的自由能减小,熔融金属液的黏度增大,易于形成非晶。
当C的原子百分含量为1.0%,1.5%,2.0%时,合金均未形成完全非晶态;当达到3%时,合金的XRD呈典型的非晶“馒头峰”。
本发明还提供所述铁基非晶软磁合金材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)根据铁基非晶软磁合金材料的成分进行配料;
(2)按配料将原材料熔炼;
(3)熔炼后通过雾化法制粉,得到铁基非晶软磁合金材料(粉末状)。
优选地,通过水雾化法制粉,制粉时通入惰性气体进行气体保护。
优选地,雾化完成后,使收集后的粉末在水中浸没4分钟以上,然后再对粉末进行干燥,得到铁基非晶软磁合金粉末。
整个工艺为:配料-熔炼-雾化-收集-真空干燥-筛分-真空包装-成品。
该铁基非晶软磁合金的原材料采用现用工业原材料,如纯铁、多晶硅、硼铁及碳粉。方便获取,价格低廉。雾化工艺采用气体保护的高压水雾化方法,确保冷却速率的同时,保持合金粉末球形度较好。采用排水法收集粉末时,要在水完全排干之前停止排水,即保持水面略高于粉末表面,目的在于避免打开集粉罐时粉末暴露在空气中。整个生产工艺流程简单,成本低,利于工业化批量生产。
本发明的有益效果是,铁基非晶软磁合金成分简单,不含Nb、Co、Ni等贵重金属元素,可采用现有工业化生产手段进行批量生产的非晶软磁合金粉末,可解决目前非晶软磁合金粉末生产工艺繁琐或者合金成分复杂的问题,并且合金粉末形貌较规则,在制备磁粉芯的过程中,不存在刺破绝缘层的弊端。
附图说明
图1表示合金粉末的扫描电子显微镜照片。
图2表示合金粉末的非晶结构XRD曲线。
图3表示差示扫描量热曲线。
图4表示绝缘包覆后处理后的粉末形貌。
图5表示磁粉芯的断面形貌。
图6表示不同成分合金粉末的XRD图。
图7表示不同成分合金粉末的饱和磁化强度。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例
铁基非晶软磁合金成分(原子百分比):Fe75Si8.8B13.2C3
具体方法步骤:
1、配料:合金Fe75Si8.8B13.2C3(原子比)换算成质量比为:Fe90.7Si4.3B4.1C0.78,之后将纯铁、多晶硅、硼铁及碳粉按照上述元素比例进行配料。
2、熔炼:将配好的原材料放置于感应炉中,加热到母合金熔点以上100-150℃,待合金完全熔化后,静置3min,使其澄清。
3、雾化:将澄清的合金液倒入中间漏包,通过漏包底部的漏眼流入雾化器中,在高压水流的作用下,金属液流被迅速冲击成细小液滴,同时发生凝固过程。此过程中加入氮气做气体保护,以保持粉末颗粒的良好球形度。
4、收集:雾化得到的粉末通过雾化罐底部的收集罐进行收集,雾化过程结束5min后,开始利用压缩空气将收集罐中的水分排出,待水面略高于粉末表面时,停止排水。
5、真空干燥:将带有部分水分的粉末倒入真空干燥机中进行干燥。
6、将所得的铁基非晶软磁粉末采用扫描电子显微镜观察颗粒形貌,利用X射线衍射仪检测组织结构;采用差示扫描量热法以10K/min的升温速率测定样品的晶化过程。结果见图 1、图2、图3、图3。从图1可以看出,合金粉末的球形度较好,无针状及具有尖锐边缘的颗粒,有助于绝缘层的完整包覆。从图2可以看出,合金粉末为非晶结构,XRD曲线呈典型的“馒头峰”。图3显示该成分的合金晶化过程分两步完成。
7、将非晶磁粉与绝缘包覆剂按适当比例充分混合后装入模具,采用液压机在适当的压力下将其压制成环状磁粉芯。图4、图5所以分别为绝缘包覆后处理后的粉末形貌以及磁粉芯的断面形貌。从图4可以看出,绝缘层均匀的附着在粉末颗粒表面,未见明显的裸露粉末颗粒。从图5可看出,该状态下的粉末颗粒,压制后绝缘层仍然完好,未发现刺破绝缘层的现象。
下面研究添加C元素的临界范围(保持铁的原子百分含量,以及Si与B的原子百分比不变)。其中,铁的原子百分比为75.0%,碳元素的原子百分比如下表1,Si与B的原子百分比保持为2:3。
表1不同碳含量的铁基非晶软磁合金以及性能
用同样的方法分别制备上述铁基非晶软磁合金,其XRD图谱如图6所示,饱和磁化强度如图7所示。可以看出:当碳含量为2.5at.%时,XRD图谱中仍出现了尖锐的峰,说明还存在一定的晶型结构。从图7可以看出,当碳含量从2.8at.%变化到4.0at.%时,合金的饱和磁化强度逐渐降低。

Claims (10)

1.一种铁基非晶软磁合金材料,其特征在于,所述铁基非晶软磁合金材料由铁、硅、硼、碳组成;按各元素的原子比为Fe∶Si∶B∶C= (100-X-Y-Z)∶X∶Y∶Z,其中X=8.5~9.0,Y=13.0~13.5,Z=2.7~4.0。
2.如权利要求1所述的铁基非晶软磁合金材料,其特征在于,Z=2.7~3.5。
3.如权利要求1所述的铁基非晶软磁合金材料,其特征在于,Z=2.8~3.2。
4.如权利要求1所述的铁基非晶软磁合金材料,其特征在于,X+Y=21.7~22.3。
5.如权利要求1所述的铁基非晶软磁合金材料,其特征在于,X+Y+Z=24.0~26.0。
6.如权利要求1所述的铁基非晶软磁合金材料,其特征在于,X∶Y =2∶3。
7.如权利要求1所述的铁基非晶软磁合金材料,其特征在于,X+Y+Z=25.0,X∶Y =2∶3,Z=2.8~3.0。
8.权利要求1~7任一项所述的铁基非晶软磁合金材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)根据铁基非晶软磁合金材料的成分进行配料;
(2)按配料将原材料熔炼;
(3)熔炼后通过雾化法制粉,得到铁基非晶软磁合金材料。
9.如权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,通过水雾化法制粉,制粉时通入惰性气体进行气体保护。
10.如权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,雾化完成后,使收集后的粉末在水中浸没4分钟以上,然后再对粉末进行干燥,得到铁基非晶软磁合金材料。
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CN114284055A (zh) * 2021-12-28 2022-04-05 江西大有科技有限公司 一种非晶粉及其制备方法

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