CN109337093B - 聚四氟乙烯分散液及其制备方法 - Google Patents

聚四氟乙烯分散液及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109337093B
CN109337093B CN201811154626.2A CN201811154626A CN109337093B CN 109337093 B CN109337093 B CN 109337093B CN 201811154626 A CN201811154626 A CN 201811154626A CN 109337093 B CN109337093 B CN 109337093B
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隋晓媛
陈越
李彤
韩淑丽
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Shandong Dongyue Polymer Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于聚四氟乙烯技术领域,具体的涉及一种聚四氟乙烯分散液及其制备方法。以质量分数计,包括58~62wt%的聚四氟乙烯干料以及相对于聚四氟乙烯干料5~8wt%的表面活性剂和33~39wt%的去离子水。该聚四氟乙烯分散液稳定性好,超过2个月以上不沉降,不易腐败变质,且在加工应用过程中涂层均匀、光滑、具有良好的光泽性、透明性和耐热性。

Description

聚四氟乙烯分散液及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于聚四氟乙烯技术领域,具体的涉及一种聚四氟乙烯分散液及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚四氟乙烯分散液具有优异的耐腐蚀性、耐候性、耐溶剂性、低摩擦系数、耐磨性、耐冲击性等,广泛用于海上平台、钻井架、港口机械设施、涵洞、隧道的防腐,以及化工管道、反应设备、原油输送管路等的防腐,厨具、食品传送带等不粘处理,交通工具中航空飞机、宇宙飞船、人造卫星、火箭运载、陆运火车、汽车、海上轮船等需要高速运行、减少阻力、避免擦伤。
改性和均聚聚四氟乙烯分散液是市面上常见的两种分别单独使用的聚四氟乙烯浓缩分散液,各有优缺点。改性聚四氟乙烯分散液所做涂层具有良好的光泽度、透明性,但耐热性差。均聚聚四氟乙烯分散液具有耐热、稳定性好的特性,但光泽度一般,透明性差。
中国专利CN1293103C公开了一种聚四氟乙烯水性分散液组合物及其制造方法,使用一种非离子表面活性剂,分两次添加相对于聚四氟乙烯共计2.5~32wt%的量。存在以下问题:(1)使用的非离子表面活性剂多,成本高,且大量表面活性剂转移到水相中,污水处理难度大,易造成环境污染。(2)使用单一非离子表面活性剂,所制备的分散液稳定性较差,储存不足1个月就会发生沉降。(3)分散液流平性差,所做涂层不均匀,表面不光滑,光泽度差,影响外观和不粘性。
中国专利CN102675781A公开了一种聚四氟乙烯浓缩水性分散液、制备方法及其应用,使用浊点30~45℃和70~95℃的两种非离子表面活性剂,聚四氟乙烯为单一的均聚或改性,浓缩后分散液pH值为8~9。其缺点是(1)非离子表面活性剂种类少,分散液稳定性和流平性不够好;(2)仅包含均聚聚四氟乙烯或改性聚四氟乙烯其中一种,均聚光泽度一般,透明性差,改性耐热性差、稳定性差;(3)pH值偏低,温度较高环境中,聚四氟乙烯分散液易腐败变质,如夏季高温时期。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足,提供一种聚四氟乙烯分散液。该聚四氟乙烯分散液稳定性好,超过2个月以上不沉降,不易腐败变质,且在加工应用过程中涂层均匀、光滑、具有良好的光泽性、透明性和耐热性;本发明同时提供了其制备方法。
本发明所述的聚四氟乙烯分散液,以质量分数计,包括58~62wt%的聚四氟乙烯干料以及相对于聚四氟乙烯干料5~8wt%的表面活性剂和33~39wt%的去离子水。
其中:
以上质量分数,均是相对于聚四氟乙烯干料而言的;优选的,表面活性剂的质量占聚四氟乙烯干料质量的6~7wt%。
表面活性剂为聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂,烃基为辛基、壬基或脂肪烃基中的一种;表面活性剂由表面活性剂A、表面活性剂B和表面活性剂C组成。
表面活性剂A是DOW(陶氏公司)的NP-9、NP-9.5、NP-10或15-S-9,巴斯夫公司的A7N或TO5等或其它生产厂家类似产品。表面活性剂B是DOW(陶氏公司)的X-100或NP-11,汉姆公司的OP-9.5或其它生产厂家类似产品等。表面活性剂C是DOW(陶氏公司)的X-102,NP-12,NP-13或15-S-12,巴斯夫公司的A9N或其它生产厂家类似产品等。
表面活性剂A浊点46~69℃,表面活性剂B浊点60~80℃,表面活性剂C浊点70~90℃。浊点是聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂的突出性质,反映非离子表面活性剂亲水性大小,亲水性越大的,浊点也越高,亲油性也就越低。表面活性剂在聚四氟乙烯分散液中发挥其亲水亲油性,使分散液保持良好的稳定性、流平性,单一的亲水性高或亲油性高,都不利。选用低、中、高三种不同浊点的表面活性剂,充分发挥其乳化、分散、润湿性,稳定聚四氟乙烯分散液在不同的环境温度下的贮存、使用性能。
表面活性剂A、表面活性剂B和表面活性剂C的质量比是2~5:0.5~3:0.1~2。在40~60℃的去离子水中,按质量比例加入A、B、C三种表面活性剂,搅拌溶解均匀,配成50%~90%的水溶液使用。
改性聚四氟乙烯分散液和均聚聚四氟乙烯分散液的固含量为15~35wt%,平均粒径为0.18~0.23μm。
本发明所述的聚四氟乙烯分散液的制备方法,以聚四氟乙烯聚合液为原料,加入表面活性剂水溶液混合均匀,然后加热,真空浓缩,调节分散液pH即得。
其中:
聚四氟乙烯聚合液中的聚四氟乙烯由改性聚四氟乙烯和均聚聚四氟乙烯组成。
改性聚四氟乙烯和均聚聚四氟乙烯的质量比为5~1:5~9;优选4~3:6~7。
改性聚四氟乙烯是全氟正丙级乙烯基醚(PPVE)、六氟丙烯(HFP)、偏氟乙烯(VDF)、氟乙烯(VF)或三氟氯乙烯(CTFE)改性聚四氟乙烯中的一种。
均聚聚四氟乙烯或改性聚四氟乙烯可以为所有的已有产品,也可采用现有聚四氟乙烯分散聚合技术中的任意一种配方和工艺。即以四氟乙烯TFE为单体,以水为介质,以固体石蜡为稳定剂,以过硫酸铵、过硫酸钠、过硫酸钾或过氧化丁二酸中的一种或两种为引发剂,以全氟辛酸铵PFOA或氟醚酸盐类为分散剂,通过分散聚合得到均聚聚四氟乙烯聚合液。聚合过程中加入改性剂即得到改性聚四氟乙烯聚合液。例如,中国专利201310272864.4、201310239328.4或201310156286.8中所述的制备改性聚四氟乙烯聚合液的方法等。
无论采用何种聚合方式及聚合试剂,有无改性剂,优选得到的聚四氟乙烯聚合液的固含量为15~35wt%,平均粒径为0.18~0.23μm。
真空浓缩时真空度为-0.08~-0.1MPa、加热温度为35~55℃。
调节分散液的pH值为9~11。
本发明最终调节聚四氟乙烯分散液pH值为9~11,抑制细菌增生,延长聚四氟乙烯分散液保质期,防止分散液腐败变质、发臭。
本发明创造性的将改性聚四氟乙烯分散液和均聚聚四氟乙烯分散液混配,优选最佳混配比例,二者互补,使分散液兼顾改性的高光泽度、透明性和均聚的耐热性、稳定性好的特性。
作为一个优选的技术方案,本发明所述的聚四氟乙烯分散液的制备方法,以固含量为15~35wt%,平均粒径为0.18~0.23μm的改性聚四氟乙烯和均聚聚四氟乙烯聚合液为原料,加入A、B、C三种表面活性剂按比例混合好的水溶液,然后在真空度0.08~0.1MPa,加热温度35~55℃条件下浓缩,调节分散液pH值为9~11即可。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下有益效果:
(1)该聚四氟乙烯分散液稳定性好,超过2个月以上不沉降,不易腐败变质,且在加工应用过程中涂层均匀、光滑、具有良好的光泽性、透明性和耐热性。
(2)本发明创造性的将改性聚四氟乙烯分散液和均聚聚四氟乙烯分散液混配,优选最佳混配比例,二者互补,使分散液兼顾改性的高光泽度、透明性和均聚的耐热性、稳定性好的特性。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1
在120L配料槽内,加入浓度为22.3%的均聚聚四氟乙烯聚合液60L,浓度为21%的PPVE改性聚四氟乙烯聚合液40L,加入表面活性剂水溶液,其中含仲醇乙烯基醚DOW 15-S-9(DOW,陶氏)0.87kg(3.5wt%,基于干料);辛基酚聚氧乙烯基醚DOW X-100(DOW,陶氏)0.50kg(2wt%,基于干料);仲醇乙烯基醚DOW 15-S-12(DOW,陶氏)0.25kg(1wt%,基于干料)。
升温至60℃,搅拌混合均匀。放入浓缩槽内,槽内真空度至-0.090MPa,浓缩槽使用循环热水加热,热水温度50℃,连续加热蒸发水份浓缩,直至槽内聚四氟乙烯含量≥62%。停止浓缩,加入适量氨水调节pH至9~11;加入适量去离子水,调节聚四氟乙烯含量至58~62%。得到目标产物聚四氟乙烯分散液。
实施例2
在120L配料槽内,加入浓度为25%的均聚聚四氟乙烯聚合液60L,浓度为21%的HFP改性聚四氟乙烯聚合液40L,加入表面活性剂水溶液,其中含仲醇乙烯基醚DOW 15-S-9(DOW,陶氏)0.95kg(3.5wt%,基于干料);辛基酚聚氧乙烯基醚DOW X-100(DOW,陶氏)0.54kg(2wt%,基于干料);仲醇乙烯基醚DOW 15-S-12(DOW,陶氏)0.27kg(1wt%,基于干料)。
加热浓缩及pH调整过程同实施例1。
对比例1
在120L配料槽内,加入浓度为21%的均聚聚四氟乙烯聚合液100L。加入表面活性剂水溶液,其中含辛基酚聚氧乙烯基醚DOW X-100(DOW,陶氏)3.58kg(15wt%,基于干料)。升温至75℃,搅拌混合均匀后,停止搅拌,恒温静置。2小时后,分散液分层,上层为澄清水相,下层为浓缩后的聚四氟乙烯分散液。取下层液,再加入辛基酚聚氧乙烯基醚DOW X-100(DOW,陶氏)0.95kg(4wt%,基于PTFE),升温至60℃,搅拌均匀。加入适量氨水调节PH至9~11;加入适量去离子水,调节聚四氟乙烯含量至58~62%。得到目标产物聚四氟乙烯分散液。
对比例2
在120L配料槽内,加入浓度为25%的HFP改性聚四氟乙烯聚合液100L,加入表面活性剂水溶液,其中含壬基酚聚氧乙烯基醚DOW NP-8(DOW,陶氏)0.87kg(3wt%,基于干料);壬基酚聚氧乙烯基醚DOW NP-12(DOW,陶氏)1.02kg(3.5wt%,基于干料);加热浓缩过程同实施例1,pH调整至8~9。
分别测定实施例1~2和对比例1~2得到的聚四氟乙烯分散液的固含量、表面活性剂含量、pH值,测试按照Q/0321DYG 005-2015进行。
分别测定实施例1~2和对比例1~2得到的聚四氟乙烯分散液的稳定性,测试方法为:在250mL量筒内,加入200mL分散液,室温下静置60天后,测量分层高度。期间观察分散液是否腐败变质。
分别测定实施例1~2和对比例1~2得到的聚四氟乙烯分散液的耐热性,测试方法为:在直径10cm平底铝盒内加入5g分散液,300℃烘箱内加热2小时,观察变色情况。
分别测定实施例1~2和对比例1~2得到的聚四氟乙烯分散液的光泽度,测试方法为:将分散液涂覆在Q板上,烧结成涂层,测定入射角为60°的光反射率。
表1聚四氟乙烯分散液性质测定结果
实施例1 实施例2 对比例1 对比例2
固含量/% 60.2 60.1 60.0 60.3
表面活性剂含量/% 6.5 6.3 6.4 6.6
pH 9.8 10.0 10.1 8.7
沉降稳定性/mm 0 0 7 4
是否变质 有细菌黄斑
耐热性 白色未黄变 白色未黄变 白色未黄变 黄变
光泽度 30.1 29.5 18.8 20.2
对本领域技术人员而言,在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种聚四氟乙烯分散液,其特征在于:以质量分数计,包括58~62wt%的聚四氟乙烯干料以及相对于聚四氟乙烯干料5~8wt%的表面活性剂和33~39wt%的去离子水;
表面活性剂为聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂,烃基为辛基或壬基中的一种;表面活性剂由表面活性剂A、表面活性剂B和表面活性剂C组成;
所述的聚四氟乙烯分散液的制备方法,以聚四氟乙烯聚合液为原料,加入表面活性剂水溶液混合均匀,然后加热,真空浓缩,调节分散液pH即得;
聚四氟乙烯聚合液中的聚四氟乙烯由改性聚四氟乙烯和均聚聚四氟乙烯组成;改性聚四氟乙烯和均聚聚四氟乙烯的质量比为5~1:5~9;
调节分散液的pH值为9~11;
表面活性剂A浊点46~69℃,表面活性剂B浊点60~80℃,表面活性剂C浊点70~90℃;
表面活性剂A、表面活性剂B和表面活性剂C的质量比是2~5:0.5~3:0.1~2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚四氟乙烯分散液,其特征在于:改性聚四氟乙烯是全氟正丙级乙烯基醚、六氟丙烯、偏氟乙烯、氟乙烯或三氟氯乙烯改性聚四氟乙烯中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的聚四氟乙烯分散液,其特征在于:真空浓缩时真空度为-0.08~-0.1MPa、加热温度为35~55℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的聚四氟乙烯分散液,其特征在于:聚四氟乙烯聚合液的固含量为15~35wt%,平均粒径为0.18~0.23μm。
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