CN109331878A - 一种用于乙烯齐聚的催化剂 - Google Patents
一种用于乙烯齐聚的催化剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109331878A CN109331878A CN201811081347.8A CN201811081347A CN109331878A CN 109331878 A CN109331878 A CN 109331878A CN 201811081347 A CN201811081347 A CN 201811081347A CN 109331878 A CN109331878 A CN 109331878A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- diphenylphosphine
- catalyst
- ethylene oligomerization
- compound
- methyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 (diphenyl-phosphinomethyl) methyl-monosilanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1PC1=CC=CC=C1 GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical group [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical group [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical group [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Natural products P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- SBWIAAGDHWKWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsilyl(diphenyl)phosphane Chemical class C[SiH2]P(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 SBWIAAGDHWKWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical group [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical group [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006884 silylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OTEKOJQFKOIXMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(trichloromethyl)benzene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C1=CC=C(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C=C1 OTEKOJQFKOIXMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical group [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005826 halohydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium butane Chemical compound [Li+].CCC[CH2-] DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Butyllithium Substances [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical group [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ITHPEWAHFNDNIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosphane Chemical compound PPP ITHPEWAHFNDNIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical group [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical group [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- UIUXUFNYAYAMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C UIUXUFNYAYAMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 56
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 36
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(oxo)alumane Chemical compound C[Al]=O CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
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- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910021556 Chromium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 8
- 239000011636 chromium(III) chloride Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000001845 chromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000005234 alkyl aluminium group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldichlorosilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(Cl)Cl LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XEHUIDSUOAGHBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound [Cr].CC(=O)CC(C)=O.CC(=O)CC(C)=O.CC(=O)CC(C)=O XEHUIDSUOAGHBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- MNPIESIBSFOMAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsilylethyl(diphenyl)phosphane Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1P(CC[SiH2]C)C1=CC=CC=C1 MNPIESIBSFOMAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQHYQCXMFZHLAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 25405-85-0 Chemical compound CC1(C)C2(OC(=O)C=3C=CC=CC=3)C1C1C=C(CO)CC(C(C(C)=C3)=O)(O)C3C1(O)C(C)C2OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FQHYQCXMFZHLAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGHDLJAZIIFENW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-prop-2-enylphenyl)propan-2-yl]-2-prop-2-enylphenol Chemical group C1=C(CC=C)C(O)=CC=C1C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=C(O)C(CC=C)=C1 QGHDLJAZIIFENW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005829 trimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LFXVBWRMVZPLFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Al](CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC LFXVBWRMVZPLFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LOFJKBAHPJENQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(oxomethylidene)chromium Chemical compound O=C=[Cr](=C=O)=C=O LOFJKBAHPJENQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于乙烯齐聚的催化剂,包含一种含杂原子的配体A、一种过渡金属化合物B、一种有机金属化合物活化剂C,所述的含杂原子的配体A是符合下列通式I或II所示的化合物:本发明催化剂的催化活性大于1.0×106g乙烯·mol‑1Cr·h‑1,产物中C6~C8线性‑烯烃的质量百分含量>90%,C8线性‑烯烃的质量百分含量>60%,催化剂具有合成简单、成本低、催化剂寿命长等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化领域,涉及乙烯齐聚反应,尤其是一种用于乙烯齐聚的催化剂。
技术背景
众所周知,辛烯-1、己烯-1等线性α-烯烃是重要的化工产品和中间体,广泛用于聚乙烯共聚单体、增塑剂醇、香精香料、合成润滑油及油品添加剂等领域。辛烯-1、己烯-1用做共聚单体可明显改善聚乙烯的密度,提高聚乙烯的抗撕裂强度和抗拉伸强度等机械性能。用于生产增塑剂醇时,可以使聚乙烯制品的低温柔软性、加工性、室外耐候性更好,尤其适用于制造电缆电线、汽车配件或装饰件等。
尽管辛烯-1、己烯-1等高级线性α-烯烃在化学工业中具有非常重要的应用价值,但目前选择性齐聚的技术还不多见。乙烯选择性三聚技术Phillips公司率先开发,目前国际上多家化学公司拥有该项技术;乙烯选择性四聚合成辛烯-1技术由Sasol公司开发,已经建设了生产装置;目前还未见乙烯五聚制1-癸烯技术的报道。乙烯选择性齐聚技术由于目的产物选择性高、乙烯利用率高,因此具有原子经济性好的特点。因此国际上许多化学公司和科学家专注于开发乙烯选择性齐聚制备高级线性α-烯烃的生产技术。乙烯选择性齐聚催化体系主要由过渡金属化合物主催化剂和烷基铝或铝氧烷类助催化剂组成,因此新型的过渡金属化合物的设计与合成是目前该领域内研究的热点,近年来有很多相关的文献或专利报道。如US5550305报道了铬系催化剂体系用于乙烯三聚制备己烯-1,也已经实现工业化生产,其主产物己烯-1的含量一般都大于90%,辛烯-1的含量很少(<3%)。WO2004/056478A1、CN1741849A、CN101032695A、CN101351424A、CN101415494A、CN1651142A、CN101291734A、CN1741850A等公开的PNP配体与铬络合后的络合物为主催化剂,烷基铝氧烷为助催化剂,催化乙烯四聚可以高选择性合成辛烯-1,其目的产物中辛烯-1的含量达到60%以上。专利CN101605605A公开了一种PCCP型配体与铬络合物为主催化剂、烷基铝氧烷为助催化剂可以高选择性催化乙烯四聚合成辛烯-1。但上述催化体系通常对水、氧比较敏感,反应需要在比较苛刻的条件下进行。另外助催化剂甲基铝氧烷价格较高,在一定程度上影响了该催化体系的经济性。
综上所述,乙烯齐聚催化体系中活性中心的结构和中心金属是控制乙烯齐聚产物选择性的关键,也是近年来乙烯选择性齐聚领域研究开发的热点。对于乙烯选择性齐聚催化剂来说,所涉及的中心金属主要有铬、钛等。金属络合物配体的结构是影响催化剂性能的关键,因此进行配体结构的创新设计也是高选择性齐聚催化体系开发的关键。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于弥补现有技术中存在的不足之处,提供一种包含杂原子的配体A、过渡金属化合物B、有机金属化合物活化剂C三组份的催化体系、催化体系的制备及用于烯烃齐聚,特别是高选择性制备辛烯-1。
本发明的目的可以通过如下技术方案来实现:
一种用于乙烯齐聚的催化剂,包含一种含杂原子的配体A、一种过渡金属化合物B、一种有机金属化合物活化剂C,所述的含杂原子的配体A是符合下列通式I或II所示的化合物:
R1是连接基团,可以选自单个的原子、离子,如硅、碳等;也可以选自直链或支链的烃基、环烷基、取代烃基及含杂原子的取代烃基,1,1,2-乙基、1,2,3-苯基、1,1,2-丙基等;也可以选自单环及多环芳基及其衍生物;优选的R1为碳、硅、磷、氮等单原子。
a、b、c为0~10的正整数,当a、b、c中的一个或多个为0时,表示P直接与R1相连。
R2可以选直链或支链的烷基、环烷基、苯基、取代苯基及其衍生物等。如:R2可以为苯甲基、苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、2,4,6-三甲苯基、3,5-二甲苯甲基、双苯基、萘基、蒽基、甲氧基、乙氧基、苯氧基、甲苯氧基、二甲氨基、甲乙氨基、硫苯基、吡啶基、硫乙基、硫苯氧基、三甲基硅基、甲基、乙基、乙烯基、丙基、丁基、丙烯基、丙炔基、环戊基、环己基、二茂铁基、四氢呋喃基等。优选的R2为甲基、乙基、异丙基、环戊基、苯基、萘基、硫苯基等。
R3是连接基团,可以选自单个的原子、离子,如硼、磷、氮等;(Ⅰ)中所述的杂原子的配体,也可以是1个或多个如(Ⅰ)式结构的单元,通过基团、化学键或分子间作用力等结合在一起。如得到桥连、树枝状及星形的化合物,也可以是结合于高分子链上形成的高分子化的聚合物。
优选的,含杂原子的配体A为三(二苯基膦基)甲基硅烷、三(二苯基膦甲基)甲基硅烷、三(二苯基膦甲基)乙基硅烷、乙基-1,1,1-三(二苯基膦)、(二苯基膦)甲基(甲基)硅烷基二(二苯基膦)、2(二苯基膦)-1,1,3-四苯基三膦、三((二苯基膦)甲基)膦、三(二苯基膦甲基)胺、三(二苯基膦)胺、三(二苯基膦乙基)甲基硅烷、三(二苯基膦甲基)硼、三(二苯基膦乙基)硼、1,3,5-三(二苯基膦甲基)环己烷、1,3,5-三(二苯基膦甲基)苯、1,3,5-三(二苯基膦)环己烷、1,3,5-三(二苯基膦)苯。
含杂原子的配体A的制备是采用如下方法进行的:二苯基膦氢与正丁基锂反应得到二苯基膦胺锂,然后二苯基膦胺锂与相应的卤代烃反应脱去氯化锂,得到目的产物。
所述的过渡金属化合物B是铬、钼、钨、钛、钽、钒、锆、铁、镍、钯的化合物;优选的是铬、锆、钛化合物,最佳的是铬化合物。可选择的铬化合物包括通式CrRn m所示的那些化合物,式中Rn为有机阴性离子或中性分子,Rn中通常含有1~10个碳原子,n为0~6的整数,铬的价态为0~6价。具体的Rn基团如为含羧基、β-二酮基及烃基的有机物或其基团。从易于溶解和易于操作的角度考虑,更适宜的铬化合物包括醋酸铬、异辛酸铬、正辛酸铬、乙酰丙酮铬、二异戊二烯铬、二苯铬、CrCl3(THF)3、(苯基)三羰基铬、六羰基铬的一种及或多种的混合物。最好的铬化合物为CrCl3(THF)3、异辛酸铬、乙酰丙酮铬。
所述的有机金属化合物活化剂C是烷基铝化合物、铝氧烷化合物、有机硼化合物、有机盐、无机酸及无机盐,也可以是它们中的一种或几种的混合物;具体而言选自各种三烷基铝及铝氧烷化合物,如三乙基铝、三异丁基铝、三正丁基铝、三正己基铝、三正辛基铝、甲基铝氧烷、乙基铝氧烷、异丁基铝氧烷及改性的铝氧烷等。也可以使用烷基铝卤化物、烷基铝氢化物或烷基铝倍半氯化物,如AlEt2Cl和A12Et3C13,也可以是与上述提及的一种或多种烷基铝或铝氧烷的混合物。有机盐类活化剂如甲基锂、甲基溴化镁等;无机酸及无机盐类活化剂如四氟硼酸醚合物、四氟硼酸盐、六氟锑酸盐等。有机硼化合物包括环硼氧烷、硼氢化钠、三乙基硼烷、三(五氟苯基)硼、三丁基硼酸盐等。
所述的催化剂中,包含的组分A、B、C的摩尔比为A:B:C=1:0.5~100:0.1~5000;含杂原子的配体A与过渡金属化合物B的摩尔比可以从1:0.5~100。含杂原子的配体A与有机金属化合物活化剂C的摩尔比1:0.1~1:5000,最好从1:1~1000:1,更优选地从1:1~200:1。
(Ⅰ)中所述的杂原子的配体、过渡金属化合物、金属有机活化剂的反应方式,可以通过液相反应,如在溶剂的作用下进行反应,可选择的溶剂如甲苯、苯及其衍生物等;也可以通过固相反应;也可以通过在齐聚反应过程中进行原位反应生成催化剂。这里所述的反应可以是上述杂原子的配体、过渡金属化合物、金属有机活化剂的一种、两种、三种化合物之间的反应。这个反应的过程也是催化剂的陈化(预络合)过程。
乙烯四聚反应的温度可在0℃~200℃内进行,优选50℃~150℃。乙烯四聚反应的压力可在0.1MPa~20MPa的压力下进行,优选1.0MPa~10MPa。反应体系中催化剂的浓度可以从0.01mol金属/L~1000mol金属/L,优选0.1mol金属/L~10mol金属/L。乙烯四聚反应主要在隋性溶剂中进行。可选择的溶剂包括烷烃、芳烃、卤代烃、烯烃等。典型的溶剂包括,但不限于苯、甲苯、二甲苯、异丙苯、正庚烷、正己烷、甲基环己烷、环己烷、1-己烯、1-辛烯、离子液体等。
本发明的优点和有益效果:
本发明的催化剂用于乙烯选择性齐聚,特别是乙烯三聚、四聚,与现有技术相比具有如下优点:催化剂活性高、目的产物辛烯-1+己烯-1的选择性高、催化剂合成简单、成本低、催化剂寿命长等特点,产物中C6~C8线性-烯烃的质量百分含量>90%,C8线性-烯烃的质量百分含量>60%。
具体实施方式
下面列举实施例,对本发明加以进一步说明,而不是用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
1、三(二苯基膦基)甲基硅烷的合成(L1)
取0.30g(7.5mmol)KH分散于75mL四氢呋喃(THF)中,室温搅拌下取1.14mL(7.5mmol)二苯基膦缓慢滴入上述混合物中,所得混合物继续搅拌4h后,真空抽除溶剂得到橘黄色Ph2PK固体。取0.3mL(2.5mmol)三氯甲基硅烷溶于50mL正己烷中,将上述Ph2PK固体少量多次地逐步加入该溶液中,然后在75℃下继续搅拌12h。用砂芯漏斗过滤除去KCl固体沉淀物,得到淡黄色溶液,真空抽除挥发性成分后得到黄色固体粗品,再用正己烷重结晶得到纯品配体L1(1.197g,产率80%)。
2、催化剂的制备(属于A、B、C三种催化组份)
在经N2充分置换的带搅拌的100mL反应器中加入经脱水处理的甲苯(10mL),1.4mol/L的MAO(甲基铝氧烷)甲苯溶液(7.0mL,9.9mmol),三(二苯基膦基)甲基硅烷(39.51mg)(66μmol),CrCl3·(THF)3(12mg,33μmol),室温反应5min后备用。
3、乙烯齐聚
500mL的高压釜加热到抽真空2小时,经氮气置换数次后充入乙烯,降温到预定温度,加入经脱水处理的甲苯(200mL)及上述催化剂。在40℃、5.0MPa的压力下进行齐聚反应,反应30min后用冰浴降温、卸压,用质量分数为10%的酸化乙醇终止反应。得到齐聚产物29.38g,催化剂活性为1.78×106g齐聚物/mol Cr.h。齐聚产物的分布见表1。
实施例2
1、乙基-1,1,1-三(二苯基膦)的合成(L2)
取HPPh23.800g(20.00mmol)分散于20mL正己烷中,冷却至-20℃,备用。取8.3mLnBuLi(2.4mol/L正己烷溶液,19.92mmol)冷却至-20℃,强烈搅拌下,缓慢滴加入上述备用溶液中,然后自然升至室温,继续搅拌过夜。用砂芯漏斗过滤,用2mL正己烷洗涤2次,真空干燥后得黄色固体3.843g(20.00mmol,收率≈100%)。
取0.716g(6.0mmol)三氯甲烷溶于10mL正己烷中,冷却至-30℃备用。取3.60g(18.75mmol)LiPPh2分散于50mL正己烷中,冷却至-30℃,将上述冷却好的三氯甲烷溶液强烈搅拌下,缓慢滴加入该溶液中,自然升至室温,再继续搅拌3h。用砂芯漏斗过滤除去固体LiCl得到黄色溶液,真空抽除挥发性成分后得到黄色油状物。用正己烷重结晶得到黄色晶体(配体L2,2.11g,3.6mmol,产率60%)。
2、催化剂的制备(属于A、B、C三种催化组份)
在经N2充分置换的带搅拌的100mL反应器中加入经脱水处理的甲苯(10mL),1.4mol/L的MAO(甲基铝氧烷)甲苯溶液(7.0mL,9.9mmol),乙基-1,1,1-三(二苯基膦)(38.45mg)(66μmol),CrCl3·(THF)3(12mg,33μmol),室温反应5min后备用。
3、乙烯齐聚
500mL的高压釜加热到抽真空2小时,经氮气置换数次后充入乙烯,降温到预定温度,加入经脱水处理的甲苯(200mL)及上述催化剂。在40℃、5.0MPa的压力下进行齐聚反应,反应30min后用冰浴降温、卸压,用质量分数为10%的酸化乙醇终止反应。得到齐聚产物18.35g,催化剂活性为1.11×106g齐聚物/mol Cr.h。齐聚产物的分布见表1。
实施例3
1、(二苯基膦)甲基(甲基)硅烷基二(二苯基膦)的合成(L3)
取HPPh23.800g(20.00mmol)分散于20mL正己烷中,冷却至-20℃,备用。取8.3mLnBuLi(2.4mol/L正己烷溶液,19.92mmol)冷却至-20℃,强烈搅拌下,缓慢滴加入上述备用溶液中,然后自然升至室温,继续搅拌过夜。用砂芯漏斗过滤,用2mL正己烷洗涤2次,真空干燥后得黄色固体3.843g(20.00mmol,收率≈100%)。
取0.98g(6.0mmol)(氯甲基)甲基二氯硅烷溶于10mL正己烷中,冷却至-30℃备用。取2.40g(12.5mmol)LiPPh2分散于50mL正己烷中,冷却至-30℃,将上述冷却好的(氯甲基)甲基二氯硅烷溶液强烈搅拌下,缓慢滴加入该溶液中,自然升至室温,再继续搅拌3h。用砂芯漏斗过滤除去固体LiCl得到黄色溶液,真空抽除挥发性成分后得到黄色油状物。用正己烷重结晶得到黄色晶体(配体L3,1.65g,2.7mmol,产率45%)。
2、催化剂的制备(属于A、B、C三种催化组份)
在经N2充分置换的带搅拌的100mL反应器中加入经脱水处理的甲苯(10mL),1.4mol/L的MAO(甲基铝氧烷)甲苯溶液(7.0mL,9.9mmol),(二苯基膦)甲基(甲基)硅烷基二(二苯基膦)(40.44mg)(66μmol),CrCl3·(THF)3(12mg,33μmol),室温反应5min后备用。
3、乙烯齐聚
500mL的高压釜加热到抽真空2小时,经氮气置换数次后充入乙烯,降温到预定温度,加入经脱水处理的甲苯(200mL)及上述催化剂。在40℃、5.0MPa的压力下进行齐聚反应,反应30min后用冰浴降温、卸压,用质量分数为10%的酸化乙醇终止反应。得到齐聚产物58.95g,催化剂活性为9.83×106g齐聚物/mol Cr.h。齐聚产物的分布见表1。
实施例4
1、2(二苯基膦)-1,1,3-四苯基三膦的合成(L4)
取HPPh23.800g(20.00mmol)分散于20mL正己烷中,冷却至-20℃,备用。取8.3mLnBuLi(2.4mol/L正己烷溶液,19.92mmol)冷却至-20℃,强烈搅拌下,缓慢滴加入上述备用溶液中,然后自然升至室温,继续搅拌过夜。用砂芯漏斗过滤,用2mL正己烷洗涤2次,真空干燥后得黄色固体3.843g(20.00mmol,收率≈100%)。
取0.52mL(6.0mmol)三氯化膦溶于10mL正己烷中,冷却至-30℃备用。取3.60g(18.75mmol)LiPPh2分散于50mL正己烷中,冷却至-30℃,将上述冷却好的三氯化膦溶液强烈搅拌下,缓慢滴加入该溶液中,自然升至室温,再继续搅拌3h。用砂芯漏斗过滤除去固体LiCl得到黄色溶液,真空抽除挥发性成分后得到黄色油状物。用正己烷重结晶得到黄色晶体(配体L4,1.87g,3.1mmol,产率53%)。
2、催化剂的制备(属于A、B、C三种催化组份)
在经N2充分置换的带搅拌的100mL反应器中加入经脱水处理的甲苯(10mL),1.4mol/L的MAO(甲基铝氧烷)甲苯溶液(7.0mL,9.9mmol),2(二苯基膦)-1,1,3-四苯基三膦的合成(38.71mg)(66μmol),CrCl3·(THF)3(12mg,33μmol),室温反应5min后备用。
3、乙烯齐聚
500mL的高压釜加热到抽真空2小时,经氮气置换数次后充入乙烯,降温到预定温度,加入经脱水处理的甲苯(200mL)及上述催化剂。在40℃、5.0MPa的压力下进行齐聚反应,反应30min后用冰浴降温、卸压,用质量分数为10%的酸化乙醇终止反应。得到齐聚产物29.64g,催化剂活性为1.79×106g齐聚物/mol Cr.h。齐聚产物的分布见表1。
实施例5
1、三((二苯基膦)甲基)膦的合成(L5)
取2.00g(10mmol)CH3PPh2和1.16g四甲基乙二胺(TMEDA)溶于30mL正己烷中,冷却至-30℃,在强烈搅拌下,将4.17mLnBuLi(2.4mol/L,正己烷溶液)缓慢滴加入上述溶液中,自然升至室温后继续搅拌过夜。过滤后,滤饼用5mL正己烷洗涤后真空抽干,得到2.18g(TMEDA)LiCH2PPh2产品(收率67.8%)。
取1.61g(5.0mmol)(TMEDA)LiCH2PPh2分散于50mL正己烷中,冷却至-30℃备用。取0.22mL(2.5mmol)的三氯化膦溶解于10mL正己烷中,冷却至-30℃,缓慢滴加入上述分散液中。滴加完毕,自然升温继续搅拌6h。真空抽除挥发性组分得黄色油状产物。经正己烷重结晶得到白色晶体1.13g(1.8mmol,收率72%)。
2、催化剂的制备(属于A、B、C三种催化组份)
在经N2充分置换的带搅拌的100mL反应器中加入经脱水处理的甲苯(10mL),1.4mol/L的MAO(甲基铝氧烷)甲苯溶液(7.0mL,9.9mmol),三((二苯基膦)甲基)膦(41.49mg)(66μmol),CrCl3·(THF)3(12mg,33μmol),室温反应5min后备用。
3、乙烯齐聚
500mL的高压釜加热到抽真空2小时,经氮气置换数次后充入乙烯,降温到预定温度,加入经脱水处理的甲苯(200mL)及上述催化剂。在40℃、5.0MPa的压力下进行齐聚反应,反应30min后用冰浴降温、卸压,用质量分数为10%的酸化乙醇终止反应。得到齐聚产物77.91g,催化剂活性为4.72×106g齐聚物/mol Cr.h。齐聚产物的分布见表1。
实施例6
同实施例3。不同之处在于反应温度为80℃。得到齐聚产物26.8g,催化剂活性为1.67×106g齐聚物/mol Cr.h。齐聚产物的分布见表1。
实施例7
同实施例3。不同之处在于乙烯压力为2MPa。得到齐聚产物104.33g,催化剂活性为6.32×106g齐聚物/mol Cr·h。齐聚产物的分布见表1。
实施例8
同实施例3。不同之处在于乙烯压力为4MPa,得到齐聚产物211.78g,催化剂活性为1.28×107g齐聚物/mol Cr·h。齐聚产物的分布见表1。
实施例9
同实施例3。不同之处在于反应温度为0℃,得到齐聚产物27.1g,催化剂活性为1.64×106g齐聚物/mol Cr·.h。齐聚产物的分布见表1。
实施例10
同实施例3。不同之处在于CrCl3·(THF)3用量为3μmol。得到齐聚产物27.7g,催化剂活性为1.85×107g齐聚物/mol Cr·h。齐聚产物的分布见表1。
实施例11
同实施例3。不同之处在于助催化剂为MMAO。得到齐聚产物130.1g,催化剂活性为7.89×106g齐聚物/mol Cr.·h。齐聚产物的分布见表1。
实施例12
同实施例3。不同之处铬化合物为CrCl2(THF)2。得到齐聚产物20.9g,催化剂活性为1.27×106g齐聚物/mol Cr·h。齐聚产物的分布见表1。
表1齐聚产物碳数分布对比
a是指C6中1-C6 =的百分含量。b是指c8中1-C8 =的百分含量。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于乙烯齐聚的催化剂,包含一种含杂原子的配体A、一种过渡金属化合物B、一种有机金属化合物活化剂C,其特征在于:所述的含杂原子的配体A是符合下列通式I或II所示的化合物:
其中,R1是连接基团,选自硅、碳元素,或选自直链或支链的烷基、环烷基,或选自单环或多环芳基及其衍生物;a、b、c为0~10的正整数,R2选直链或支链的烷基、环烷基、苯基、取代苯基及其衍生物,R3是连接基团,选自硼、磷、氮元素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于乙烯齐聚的催化剂,其特征在于:所述的含杂原子的配体A为三(二苯基膦基)甲基硅烷、三(二苯基膦甲基)甲基硅烷、三(二苯基膦甲基)乙基硅烷、乙基-1,1,1-三(二苯基膦)、(二苯基膦)甲基(甲基)硅烷基二(二苯基膦)、2(二苯基膦)-1,1,3-四苯基三膦、三((二苯基膦)甲基)膦、三(二苯基膦甲基)胺、三(二苯基膦)胺、三(二苯基膦乙基)甲基硅烷、三(二苯基膦甲基)硼、三(二苯基膦乙基)硼、1,3,5-三(二苯基膦甲基)环己烷、1,3,5-三(二苯基膦甲基)苯、1,3,5-三(二苯基膦)环己烷、1,3,5-三(二苯基膦)苯。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于乙烯齐聚的催化剂,其特征在于:含杂原子的配体A的制备是采用如下方法进行的:二苯基膦氢与正丁基锂反应得到二苯基膦胺锂,然后二苯基膦胺锂与相应的卤代烃反应脱去氯化锂,得到目的产物。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于乙烯齐聚的催化剂,其特征在于:所述的含杂原子的配体A是含两个或多个符合通式I所示结构单元通过基团或化学键连接起来形成的新化合物。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于乙烯齐聚的催化剂,其特征在于:所述的过渡金属化合物B是铬、钼、钨、钛、钽、钒、锆、铁、镍、钯的化合物。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于乙烯齐聚的催化剂,其特征在于:所述的有机金属化合物活化剂C是烷基铝化合物、铝氧烷化合物、有机硼化合物、有机盐、无机酸、无机盐的一种或几种的混合物。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于乙烯齐聚的催化剂,其特征在于:所述的催化剂中,含杂原子的配体A、过渡金属化合物B、有机金属化合物活化剂C的摩尔比为A:B:C=1:0.5~100:0.1~5000。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于乙烯齐聚的催化剂,其特征在于:制备方法是将A、B、C组成的三组份预先混合反应合成;或直接加入到反应体系中进行原位合成。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于乙烯齐聚的催化剂,其特征在于:乙烯齐聚反应在隋性的有机溶剂中进行,反应的温度0℃~200℃,反应压力0.1MPa~20MPa。
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