CN109328956A - A kind of method that ridge cultivation mulch cigarette stretches root phase prevention runt seedling - Google Patents
A kind of method that ridge cultivation mulch cigarette stretches root phase prevention runt seedling Download PDFInfo
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- CN109328956A CN109328956A CN201811309231.5A CN201811309231A CN109328956A CN 109328956 A CN109328956 A CN 109328956A CN 201811309231 A CN201811309231 A CN 201811309231A CN 109328956 A CN109328956 A CN 109328956A
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- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010053615 Thermal burn Diseases 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
Abstract
A kind of method that ridge cultivation mulch cigarette stretches root phase prevention runt seedling, the ridging in tobacco field, ridge surface can overlay film width be 60-70 centimetres, ridge top with 25-30 centimetres of furrow vertical height, ridge bottom width is 35-50 centimetres, ridge top surface is cambered surface, ridge side is inclined-plane, vertical implantation hole is beaten in ridge surface coating and in the cambered surface of ridge top surface, tobacco seedlings is moved and is put into vertical implantation hole, the method includes moving tobacco seedlings to beat inclined hole in ridge side or two sides after vertical implantation hole 5-10 days；2-3 centimetres of inclined hole diameter, 25-30 centimetres of hole depth, the angle of inclined hole and ridge top surface frontal plane of projection are 44 degree of -48 degree, and inclined hole table mouth away from ridge top surface vertical range is 3-8 centimetres, base opening away from ridge top surface vertical range is 15-20 centimetres；Multiple inclined hole table port surface areas and the 0.002-0.004% for ridge surface area.It is an advantage of the invention that the incidence for stretching root phase runt seedling can be effectively reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ridges to plant the implantation methods that mulch cigarette stretches the root phase, in particular to a kind of ridge plants mulch cigarette and stretches the root phase
The method for preventing runt seedling.
Technical background
It transplants from tobacco seedlings and finishes to crop field to tobacco leaf picking as field period, about 120-150 days.It is developed according to tobacco growing
The characteristics of, cigarette strain growth dynamic change and interim morphological feature, be divided into also seedling stage (being survived from being transplanted to), stretch the root phase (from
A group of surviving), prosperous growth phase (from group to buddingging) and the maturity period (terminating from buddingging to tobacco leaf picking) 4 lifes maintained close ties with
Long developmental stage.Also seedling stage refers to that being transplanted to tobacco seedlings survives this period, about 7-10 days, and balled transplanting or nutrient discs transplantation of seedlings are often
Without also seedling stage.Stretch the root phase refer to tobacco seedlings survive group this period, about 30 days or so, this phase and yield of tobacco were in close relations.
Key technology during this are as follows: first is that look into seedling in time and fill the gaps with seedlings, since transplantation technique is improper or burning sun, windy, arid
Influence or disease pest cause harm, often result in dead seedling.It fills the gaps with seedlings in time in 3-5 days after transplanting, guarantees that seedling full stand is even.Second is that anti-
Subterranean pest-insect is controlled, corresponding insecticide prevention and treatment tobacco subterranean pest-insect is applied after transplanting.Third is that stretching root phase control water restraining the growth of seedlings, field is kept
60% or so of water-holding capacity, a large amount of developments of guarantee cigarette strain axial root system and lower bundle.Fourth is that ridge, 20-25 after transplanting are enclosed in ridging in time
It carries out deep intertillage, and the 15-20 ㎝ that earths up, and promotes the development of rhizome portion secondary root.Fifth is that timely top dressing, guarantees that nutrition is abundant.
Based on quick-acting fertilizer, cave apply it is even apply, away from cigarette strain 10-15 ㎝, top dressing can water on a small quantity.Sixth is that paying attention to prevention waterlogging, anti-ponding.
Odor type block planning is produced to Tobacco according to country, Chongqing, Hubei and Shaanxi part tobacco leaf producing region belong to 3rd area:
Mellow type tobacco style, north latitude 28-32 degree, leaf tobacco production use covering with ground sheeting comprehensively, the transplanting method of use and stretch root phase pipe
Reason measure are as follows:
Before 2015, high stem strong sprout transplanting method is taken, the high 8-10 ㎝ of tobacco seedlings stem is generally transplanted in mid or late May, is advocated
" not planting cigarette in June ", but since stem is too high, mountain area tobacco field soil layer is relatively thin, and ridging ridge body height is not high, is often lower than 25 ㎝, or insufficient
20 ㎝, high seedling, dew stem seedling are more universal when causing to transplant, and easily cause part runt seedling, it is necessary to take within 15-20 days after cultivation and take off film training
Native measure promotes the development of rhizome portion axillary root.
After 2016, cropping pattern is transplanted with reference to Guizhou producing region well cellar formula in part producing region, implements the formula transplanting of well cellar, on ridge
Body hits exactly the space Jing Jiao for beating deep 18-20 ㎝, diameter 9-12 ㎝ vertically downward, and using small transplantation of seedlings, only 3 ㎝ are left for tobacco seedlings stem height
The right side, relatively conventional transplanting are put into Jing Jiao in 10 days or so in advance, and lobus cardiacus grows ridge face, phase after in the space Jing Jiao, tobacco seedlings are survived 10-15 days
Between only root contacted on a small quantity with soil, about 12 ㎝ of stem or so is not contacted with soil, and transplanting time advances to early and middle ten days in May, but stem
Portion degree of lignification is high, and due to depth depth, soil contact is few for root, and it is bad often to stretch root development, causes runt seedling, it is necessary to take well
Cellar grave mound expands film ridging to promote the development of stem's axillary root.
Hubei producing region, which is voluntarily explored, takes seedling well under film to store formula transplanting method, i.e., on the basis of the formula transplanting of well cellar, ridge
The another cover film heat and moisture preserving in face, tobacco seedlings time about 5-7 days under film, transplanting time further advance to the first tenday period of a month May late April-,
Transplanting time shifts to an earlier date, but tobacco leaf in May is in and stretches the root phase, since Hubei producing region weather in May is special, integrally stretches the root time
Long, breeding time lag, in advance transplanting preferably can not shift to an earlier date breeding time, and part producing region is large range of bad in the presence of root is stretched, stiff
The phenomenon that seedling obviously increases.
The reason of ridge plants mulch cigarette and causes root system development bad, larger range runt seedling:
1. ridge body humidity is excessive: first is that soil hygroscopic characteristic, west place in Hubei high mountain cigarette district (1200 meters or so) soil culvert water is big, water conservation
Ability is strong, while level of ground water is higher, nocturnal temperature is low is easy to condensation vapor, and ridge body absorbs rapidly underground moisture content after dry moisture in the soil ridging
Or absorb moisture in air, it is reachable up to 65% or more in 24-48 hour ridge body moisture content, such as precipitation weather, then up to 70% with
On, humidity is excessive to cause root system early period to be not easy lower bundle and growth, and it misses and stretches root animated period, root system lignifying, to cause runt seedling.
High mountain cigarette district runt seedling rate reaches 10% or more.Second is that climatic effect, (mid-May mid-April -) rainfall is larger before planting and after planting,
Continuous rainfall after cultivation, 9-10 centimetres of diameter of well entrance of cellar of cigarette nest, cigarette nest humidity is excessive to be unfavorable for stretching root downwards, control water restraining the growth of seedlings effect
Difference, stretches the extension of time root phase, and hypoevolutism after group causes runt seedling.
2. environment temperature is unstable: to extend effective breeding time, tobacco leaf transplanting time advance to the first tenday period of a month May late April-is moved
Plant, the climatic characteristic in this odor type region be May early and middle ten days day and night temperature it is big.First is that daytime high temperature is scalded, (800 meters of middle mountain cigarette district
Left and right) the first tenday period of a month in May noon maximum temperature is up to 30 DEG C or more, and the cultivation cigarette well entrance of cellar under covering with ground sheeting up to 42-46 DEG C, drink by high temperature
Hurt blade or scald lobus cardiacus, causes growth retardation；Second is that Low Night Temperature freeze injury, high mountain cigarette district (1200 meters or so) mid-May or
The temperature last ten-days period, temperature difference night is big, and nearly 20 DEG C of the sunny day noon highest temperature, low 5 DEG C of the lowest temperature or so, part night mid-May fraction of the year
The nearly zero degree of temperature, the violent temperature difference cause the growth retardation of aerial part and under ground portion or form obvious freeze injury, and root is stretched in influence,
To cause runt seedling.
3. concentration of fertilizer difference: first is that high mountain cigarette district takes dry moisture in the soil overlay film, fertilising, ridging and covering with ground sheeting are integrally turned into
There is part and spread fertilizer over the fields the phenomenon that fertilizer is uneven, chemical fertilizer not sufficiently dissolved fermentation in industry, root system contacts high concentration after tobacco leaf transplanting
Fertilizer causes to burn root, causes hypoevolutism not in contact with to fertilizer, easily causes root system development bad.Second is that frequent high temperature
Under variation, the ridge face salting-out phenomenon of covering with ground sheeting is obvious, and the salinization of soil of ridge face and root system surrounding soil influences the growth of root system.
4. pest and disease damage influence: first is that due under film transplanting method tobacco seedlings be under film, well cellar space humidity it is big, hygrophilous property worm
Do harm to (such as Agriolimax agrestis Linnaeus) seriously, harm is big, is short of seedling more than filling the gaps with seedlings or plant uniformity is poor；Second is that humidity is big under the conditions of high temperature and humidity
The generation in advance of bacterial disease is caused, such as anthracnose aggravates runt seedling rate.
5. farming operations influence: first is that the influence of Pesticide use, emphasizing that band medicine is transplanted in transplanting, common insect-proof agent is main
For efficient chlorine fluorine hydrogen pyrethroids, medical fluid directly from cigarette strain top pouring root, easily touches lobus cardiacus, causes part lobus cardiacus or cigarette strain phytotoxicity,
Blade deformity, clump branch and clump bud are easily caused, runt seedling is caused；Second is that top dressing improperly influences, top dressing is emphasized using kalium nitrate fertilizer
Change water top dressing, mu need to use 500 kilograms of water or so, be limited by water condition or investment recruitment, part peasant household takes dry application mode
Directly rupture of membranes is spread fertilizer over the fields around cigarette strain, and fertilizer does not enter root system, ridge body surface leaven material excessive concentration, and precipitation then causes fertilizer stream
It loses, utilization rate of fertilizer is low, while increasing ridge face salt damage, aggravates runt seedling；Third is that farming operations are various, fill the gaps with seedlings, insect prevention, chases after after cultivation
Fertilizer, rupture of membranes enclose the farming operations such as soil or burning sun, windy, rainfall influence, and mechanical damage, stream earth mulch heart shadow occurs in part field
It rings, to aggravate runt seedling.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above problem, the invention proposes a kind of ridges to plant the method that mulch cigarette stretches root phase prevention runt seedling, can be with
The incidence for stretching root phase runt seedling is effectively reduced.
Realizing foregoing invention purpose technical solution is, a kind of method that ridge cultivation mulch cigarette stretches root phase prevention runt seedling, in tobacco field
Interior ridging, ridge height is 25-30 centimetres, ridge face can overlay film width be 60-70 centimetres, ridge top surface is cambered surface, ridge side is inclined-plane,
Vertical implantation hole is beaten in ridge surface coating and in the cambered surface of ridge top surface, tobacco seedlings is moved and is put into vertical implantation hole, the ridge plants ground
The method that film cigarette stretches root phase prevention runt seedling includes moving tobacco seedlings to beat inclined hole in ridge side or two sides after vertical implantation hole 5-10 days；
The angle of 2-3 centimetres of the inclined hole diameter, 25-30 centimetres of hole depth, inclined hole and ridge top surface frontal plane of projection is 44 degree of -48 degree,
Inclined hole table mouth away from ridge top surface vertical range is 3-8 centimetres, base opening away from ridge top surface vertical range is 15-20 centimetres；
Multiple inclined hole table port surface areas and the 0.002-0.004% for ridge surface area.
Preferably, the inclined hole is in cone, and table mouth diameter is 1-2 centimetres, 3-4 centimetres of base opening.
Preferably, the vertical plantation hole depth is 10-15 centimetres.
Preferably, the top dressing of root phase is stretched to apply from inclined hole.
It is an advantage of the invention that
1. directly reducing soil moisture, improve Mulch Film Ridge body moisture state of isolation.Change root system surrounding soil density, changes root system
The surrounding soil flow of water, hence it is evident that improve root system damp condition, be conducive to control water restraining the growth of seedlings, root system humidity is excessive be cause runt seedling it is important because
One of element, cigarette strain enters and stretches the root phase after transplanting, and ridge body moisture should be suitably controlled in 55-65%, but excessive toward living to plant preceding ridge body humidity
Or rainfall is on the high side after planting, and causes root system development bad, by break ridge body because of ridge body caused by overlay film and extraneous, ridge body and
The humidity state of isolation of deep subsoil can directly adjust ridge body humidity, effectively reduce hole point top root system humidity or effectively arrange it is stagnant,
Root is stretched in promotion.
Root temperature is promoted 2. stablizing, increases the warm and humid reciprocal effects of covering with ground sheeting.Hydrofuge and heating interaction, soil in the body of ridge
The free energy of moisture and the soil moisture are closely related, and > 20 cm soil layer diurnal variation curves are almost in parallel lines, increase soil after punching
Hole in earth improves the venting and water permeable situation of ridge subsoil earth (bottom), the heat absorption of soil can be improved and heat, insulating power,
When soil temperature increases simultaneously, the viscosity and reduction in surface tension of the soil water, the infiltration coefficient of the soil water increase therewith；Due to hole depth
25-30 ㎝ is spent, within about 15-20 centimetres of ridge face vertical depth, increases soil permeability, heat absorption or heat-sinking capability, root after punching
It is that soil (the 10-15 centimeters soil moisture) day and night temperature is smaller, is conducive to the relatively stable of root soil temperature and is promoted.
3. enhancing ridge body water and fertilizer coupling efficiency.Effectively realize that nutritional ingredient is moved up or spread, and enhances the water of Soil and Fertilizer
Fertilizer coupling, since the temperature rises, water level sinks, and fertilizer application layer fertilizer is obtained preferably dissolving, be spread, since ridge body upper layer air is wet
Gas rises, and the Fertilizer nutrient ingredient of dissolution is moved up, come into full contact with root system, conducive to ridge body and root system nutrition coupling efficiency
It is promoted.
4. reducing covering with ground sheeting negative effect.High temperature is effectively reduced, saltouts and causes harm, reduces covering with ground sheeting negative effect.Side row
Gas mode, ridge body increase penetrating stomata, reduce cigarette strain periphery hydrofuge amount and reduce cigarette strain underground part temperature, reduce cigarette strain because of high temperature
The bad reflections such as caused scald blade, ridge face top, which is saltoutd, when reducing mulch all standing causes harm, and effectively prevent high temperature or salt damage
Caused by runt seedling.
5. phytotoxicity pollution is effectively reduced in accuracy pesticide applying.It reduces tobacco field pesticidal chemical and directly contacts cauline leaf chance, prevent desinsection
The drugs such as agent are directly caused harm to cigarette strain lobus cardiacus；Since medication is gone directly root system, it is conducive to absorb, realizes accurate medication, the product of pesticide
Kind, the frequency, dose effectively reduce, and reduce pesticide residue to a certain extent, reduce the pollution to soil and environment.
6. saving resource, liquid manure utilization efficiency is improved.Inclined hole fertilising is irrigated, and liquid manure go directly root system, reduction top ridge face
The invalid application such as evaporation or river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi stream loss, water, fertile utilization rate greatly improve, and save fertilizer and water resource, with fertilizer, with farming such as water
It is easy to operate, farming operations recruitment is reduced to a certain extent.
7. effectively reducing runt seedling ratio, plant uniformity is improved, in advance and extends effective breeding time.Due to root system ring
The improvement in border stretches root phase early growth and quick tiller conducive to cigarette strain, and root system development is more healthy and stronger, is short of seedling, sick seedling, runt seedling ratio are greatly reduced, cigarette
The growing way appearance of strain is more healthy and stronger, and plant uniformity improves；Cigarette strain breeding time more routinely shifts to an earlier date 3-5 days, enters the prosperous growth stage in advance,
And then effectively extend tobacco leaf effective breeding time, it is promoted conducive to maturity and the whole of quality of tobacco.
Detailed description of the invention
If Fig. 1 is ridge structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
If Fig. 2 is inclined hole preferred structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
If Fig. 3 is the preferred layout drawing of inclined hole of the present invention.
If Fig. 4 is -1 structural schematic diagram of comparative test ridge.
If Fig. 5 is -2 structural schematic diagram of comparative test ridge
In such as figure, ridge -1, inclined hole -2, film -3, vertical implantation hole -4.
Specific embodiment
Ridging 1 in tobacco field, 1 height of ridge is 25-30 centimetres as shown in figure 1, the width at the top of the face of ridge is 50-60 centimetres, ridge
Length according to field drain and planting habit depending on, 1 top surface of ridge is cambered surface, ridge side is inclined-plane, the surface coating 3, simultaneously on ridge
Vertical implantation hole 4 is beaten in the cambered surface of ridge top surface, it is preferred that vertical 4 depth of implantation hole is 10-15 centimetres, and shifting tobacco seedlings are put into vertical
In straight implantation hole 4, it includes moving tobacco seedlings 5-10 days in vertical implantation hole 4 that a kind of ridge, which plants mulch cigarette to stretch the method for root phase prevention runt seedling,
Selection fine day beats inclined hole 2 in 1 side of ridge or two sides afterwards, is that an inclined hole or two inclined holes can be depending on weather conditions, generally
For be first to beat in side inclined hole 2,72 hours 1 humid control of ridge not having to then beat other side inclined hole 2 in 55%-65%, it is such as small 72
When interior 1 humidity of ridge be greater than 70% and beat other side inclined hole 2；
The angle of 2-3 centimetres of 2 diameter of inclined hole, 25-30 centimetres of hole depth, inclined hole 2 and 1 top surface frontal plane of projection of ridge is 44 degree to 48 degree,
2 table mouth of inclined hole away from ridge top surface vertical range is 3-8 centimetres, base opening away from ridge top surface vertical range is 15-20 centimetres, the ridge of the same side
At least 5 centimetres of spacing between the adjacent inclined hole 2 of 1 side；
Multiple 2 table port surface areas of the inclined hole and the 0.002-0.004% for 1 surface area of ridge.
Preferred as in Fig. 2, inclined hole 2 is in cone, and table mouth diameter is 1-2 centimetres, 3-4 centimetres of base opening, and inclined hole 2 is also possible to
Cylindrical body.
Preferably, the top dressing of root phase is stretched to apply from inclined hole 2.
As shown in Figure 3, two inclined holes 2 are symmetrical arranged in 1 two side of ridge, it is another it is preferred can also be with two inclined holes 2 on ridge 1
Two sides are arranged in a staggered manner.
The advantages of inclined hole 2, is as follows:
1. inclined hole is ventilative cooling holes, inclined hole forms the air hole of overlay film ridge body high temperature and humidity, has decomposed cigarette strain well entrance of cellar after beating
Pressure at expulsion reduces well entrance of cellar temperature and humidity, effectively prevent or reduces the big calorimetric humid gas scald blade of well entrance of cellar and lobus cardiacus, reduce
The influence that high temperature develops tobacco seedlings.
2. inclined hole is sedimentation drain hole, there are four types of soil moistures: hygroscopic moisture, and dry ground adsorbs steam formation from air
Water is invalid to plant；Membranaceous water, the adsorbed moisture in soil particle surface, belongs to weak available moisture for plant；Hollow billet
Water is the adsorbed water in soil capillary pore, it again according to whether be connected with underground water be divided into capillary hanging water (not being connected) and
Capillary supporting water (is connected) with underground water, most precious for plant；Bulk water, superfluous water are in soil gas-filled space
Moisture can flow out quickly, substantially invalid to plant.By changing soil density under root and forming water potential gradient, on formation vestibule,
The psychrometric difference of underlying soil, effective draining wet down.When ridge body humidity is excessive, soil density is low in hole, top (root system position)
The capillary of high-density region is adjusted or is permeated to density regions, or bulk water is leached；Hole point and part vestibule can be direct
Bulk water is stored, is permeated closely and due to gravity and concentration to hole underlying soil, so that body extra water in root ridge is leached,
It effectively prevent root soil or ridge body top moisture excessive, reduces the rotten risk of bubble head mold, be conducive to prick under root.
3. inclined hole is accurate perfusion hole.Insect prevention and diseases prevention medical fluid can be poured into directly by side opening after cultivation, be formed around root system
It is effectively protected, medical fluid is not directly contacted with blade or rhizome, and not sad leaf does not hurt root, is conducive to the protection of root system and lobus cardiacus.
4. inclined hole is harm reduction hole of saltouing.After transplanting, tobacco seedlings are small, and large area receiving in ridge face shines upon, and soil salt table is poly-
Phenomenon is prominent, and ridge face is high temperature and humidity area, and after inclined hole, high temperature and humidity focuses on side apertures week to the salting-out phenomenon of ridge body soil
It encloses, reduces ridge face well entrance of cellar and the cigarette strain surrounding soil amount of saltouing, reduce the salt damage risk at cigarette strain ridging position.
5. inclined hole is top dressing location hole.In the suitable time after transplanting, poured water in hole according to production decision, fill rich water or
Direct top dressing, the more unobstructed through root soil of rich water are conducive to bundle and early growth and quick tiller under root system.
Comparative test: 935 meters of height above sea level of places selection A B the experimental field field C tri-, each experimental plot is using identical
Field management method, each experimental plot plant 500 plants respectively, the method that A uses this patent, in B(such as Fig. 4) it is with the difference of A
Do not beat inclined hole, only beat vertical implantation hole, tobacco seedlings are planted in vertical implantation hole, in C(such as Fig. 5) and the difference of A be not beat inclined hole,
And straight hole is beaten beside vertical implantation hole, runt seedling classification use the industry universal standard, by test producing region tobacco enterprise standard into
Row classification.
A: using 45 degree tiltedly punching mulch cigarette Jing Jiao transplantings, ridge is high, ridge to overlay film and conventional consistent, cigarette strain two sides are (vertical
Directly in ridge walk to) oblique 45 degree or so punchings (42-46 degree), punch 20-25 centimetres away from cigarette strain strain, 2-3 centimetres of aperture, punching
25-30 centimetres of depth, base opening is away from 3-5 centimetres under the tip of a root.
Using conventional covering with ground sheeting well cellar formula transplanting is not punched, ridge is 25-30 centimetres high after overlay film, ridge face overall width 70-80
Centimetre；After well stores formula transplanting, root system is 12-15 centimetres in ridge intermediate depth, and 2-3 centimetres away from ridge facial mask mouth of lobus cardiacus, the tip of a root is away from ridge
10-15 centimetres of ditch vertical range.
Transplanted using vertical perforating mulch cigarette Jing Jiao, ridge is high, ridge to overlay film and conventional consistent, transplant cigarette strain two sides 12-
The punching of 15 cm verticals, 2-3 centimetres of aperture punch 17-20 centimetres of depth, punching be located among colleague's two plants of cigarettes of cigarette or perpendicular to
Ridge walk to.
1. ridge body humidity is effectively reduced.Punch operation is carried out after tobacco leaf transplanting, the 5th day after cultivation, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days
13 points of noon monitor ridge body humidity respectively and show that the humidity under the ridge of A ratio B at root system (12 centimetres) can reduce 8-10%, and soil is wet
Degree control between 60-64%, through touch hand survey soil moisture, after cultivation the 15-30 days ridge body humidity be suitable for rate raising 30% with
On, C ratio B humidity can reduce 3-6%.
2. temperature amplitude change is smaller.The 5th day after cultivation, ridge body root system is continued to monitor (10 under the face of ridge within 10 days, 15 days, 20 days
Centimetre root system) temperature shows that temperature is stablized at 8-15 DEG C；For A with respect to B, 2-5 DEG C of 10 centimeters root system maximum temperatures reduction is minimum
Temperature increases 0.5-3 DEG C, and well entrance of cellar maximum temperature reduces 0.5-2 DEG C, and minimum temperature improves 1-3 DEG C.A is scalded with respect to B, fine day high temperature
Sad leaf ratio reduces by 10% or so, and low temperature freezing-disaster reduces 60% or so, and the ridge C temperature changes and B no significant difference.
3. salting-out phenomenon significantly reduces, and is gathered in aperture 3-5 cm range.After cultivation 10 days or so rise, under the ridge face of B compared with
It is clearly present salting-out phenomenon, on the soil particle along ridge face about 30-40 cm range, the ridge body of A and C only in well entrance of cellar and are beaten
It forms 3-5 centimetres around hole to saltout, ridge face is saltoutd unobvious, discontinuous；Assemble water under A film to significantly reduce, reduces 15- than B
20%。
4. preventing lobus cardiacus caused by insecticide to cause harm.By pouring into insecticide from punching place, it is not directly contacted with lobus cardiacus, is prevented
Pesticide injury.A is better than B to the control efficiency of subterranean pest-insect, and since A tilts 45 degree or so, the ridge body soil under 45 degree is larger
Enough pesticides are spread in part, improve preventive effect about 5-10% to controlling underground pest.
5. improving top dressing efficiency.First is that dry application can be achieved by A or C or wet spraying fertilizer, fertilizer directly arrive in the body of ridge, pass through ridge
Fertilizer can sufficiently be dissolved under the warm and humid variation of body itself round the clock, under same fertilizer amount, nitrogenous fertilizer goes directly root system, and root system absorbs more fast
Speed, growing way appearance obviously shift to an earlier date, and breeding time can shift to an earlier date 3-7 days, promote early growth and quick tiller；Second is that C recruitment is more efficient, fertilization mode
Simply, recruitment is few；Third is that A mode, potash fertilizer duration is good, since potassium ion enters downside soil ridge body under 45 angles, convenient for prosperous
Long-term and later period potassium utilization, more consistent with cigarette strain suction nitrogen, suction potassium curve law, mature middle and later periods potassium deficiency symptom obviously subtracts
It is few.
6. runt seedling rate is substantially reduced, test result, the experimental plot A runt seedling incidence is 3.8%, is 19 plants；
The experimental plot B runt seedling incidence is 22.4%, is 112 plants；
The experimental plot C runt seedling incidence is 12.6%, is 63 plants；
A, C can reduce runt seedling by punching (A beats inclined hole in side, and C beats straight hole beside vertical implantation hole) compared with B
Incidence, but side beat inclined hole reduction effect it is more preferable, the angle of inclined hole is preferably 45 degree, presses in actual mechanical process
The control of 44-48 degree, the angle that inclined hole occurs in production practice are greater than 48 degree and can all cause runt seedling incidence less than 44 degree
It significantly improves, generally 3%-8% or so, concrete reason may be when 44-48 is spent, and the humidity being more advantageous in control ridge maintains
Between 55%-65%, when understanding this patent, it cannot be considered only as adjusting temperature, humidity, this patent can also reduce
It saltouts, can also apply fertilizer and pour into pesticide by inclined hole, root system is, it can be achieved that accuracy pesticide applying and fertilising, device to hole because this method is gone directly
The ridge body root system on top has preferable wet down heating effect, and the ridge body of device to hole lower part then has preferable moisturizing airing function,
Operation concentration can be suitably larger than routine, make to drop to 360 jin or so for 500 jin of water consumption per acre.
The present invention simply beats inclined hole in the side mulch Yan Long, effectively adjusts ridge body root system temperature and humidity, and it is negative to reduce covering with ground sheeting
Face effect improves and stretches root development efficiency crop early period, reduces tobacco runt seedling rate, although this method is simple, effect is obvious, makes deadlock
The control of seedling incidence is 5% hereinafter, (the runt seedling incidence of existing tobacco seedlings is general significantly lower than the averagely raw rate of existing tobacco seedlings runt seedling hair
Between 18-25%, up to 35%), while when runt seedling generation, it generally takes the modes such as fertilising to remedy, causes to be dropped with fertilizer is excessive
Low quality of tobacco, this method can also reduce influence of other uncomfortable farming operations to leaf tobacco production, and this method belongs to tobacco seedlings plantation
Method, the predicate used during specifically writing should be reference with the predicate of tobacco seedlings field of planting.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of ridge plants the method that mulch cigarette stretches root phase prevention runt seedling, the ridging in tobacco field, ridge surface can overlay film width be 60-70
Centimetre, ridge top with 25-30 centimetres of furrow vertical height, ridge bottom width be 35-50 centimetres, ridge top surface is cambered surface, ridge side is
Inclined-plane beats vertical implantation hole in ridge surface coating and in the cambered surface of ridge top surface, moves tobacco seedlings and be put into vertical implantation hole, special
Sign is: the method includes moving tobacco seedlings to beat inclined hole in ridge side or two sides after vertical implantation hole 5-10 days；
The angle of 2-3 centimetres of the inclined hole diameter, 25-30 centimetres of hole depth, inclined hole and ridge top surface frontal plane of projection is 44 degree of -48 degree,
Inclined hole table mouth away from ridge top surface vertical range is 3-8 centimetres, base opening away from ridge top surface vertical range is 15-20 centimetres；
Multiple inclined hole table port surface areas and the 0.002-0.004% for ridge surface area.
2. a kind of ridge according to claim 1 plants the method that mulch cigarette stretches root phase prevention runt seedling, it is characterized in that: the inclined hole
In cone, table mouth diameter is 1-2 centimetres, 3-4 centimetres of base opening.
3. a kind of ridge according to claim 1 plants the method that mulch cigarette stretches root phase prevention runt seedling, it is characterized in that: described vertical
Planting hole depth is 10-15 centimetres.
4. a kind of ridge according to claim 1 plants the method that mulch cigarette stretches root phase prevention runt seedling, chased after it is characterized in that: stretching the root phase
Fertilizer is applied from inclined hole.
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