CN109328955A - Three batches of Upland Red Soil anniversary oily crop-planting methods - Google Patents
Three batches of Upland Red Soil anniversary oily crop-planting methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN109328955A CN109328955A CN201811538955.7A CN201811538955A CN109328955A CN 109328955 A CN109328955 A CN 109328955A CN 201811538955 A CN201811538955 A CN 201811538955A CN 109328955 A CN109328955 A CN 109328955A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
Abstract
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field more particularly to a kind of three batches of Upland Red Soil anniversary oily crop-planting methods, winter rape first in mechanical rotary tillage soil-working live streaming in 15-20 day October, in 25-30 days April next year mechanical harvest simultaneously crushing straw is also；Immediately mechanical after rape stubble to plough rake site preparation, Spring Peanut is sowed in 25-30 in April, is harvested in August 10-15 days；3-7 days no-tillage sets broadcast autumn sesame before harvesting peanut, and at August 5-10 days between set sowing time, autumn sesame completes three batches of oil productions of an anniversary in mature harvest in 15-20 days October.The present invention is increased to 3.0 to the multiple crop index 1.0 or 1.5 for the Upland Red Soil that existing oil crops are planted, directly effectively at double or at the double oil-bearing crops for improving unit cultivated area.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field more particularly to a kind of three batches of Upland Red Soil anniversary oily crop-planting methods.
Background technique
Oil crops are the important sources of vegetable fat and protein in people's daily life, are also important industrial original
Material occupies an important position in agricultural and the national economic development.China is that oil seed production big country and first consume big country, closely
Nian Lai, domestic oil supply are chronically at non-starving condition, and the degree of self-sufficiency continues less than 40%, imported petroleum product consume at home in ratio
Weight constantly rises；Meanwhile with society and expanding economy, China's herding, culture fishery are among rapid development, smart egg
There is wretched insufficiency, 10,000,000 tons of annual notch or more in oneself with white feed, and is continuing to increase；Edible oil has become external dependence degree
There is very big hidden danger in highest large agricultural product, supply security, concerning national strategy safety.
Rape, peanut, sesame etc. are three important big oil crops of China, and there is an urgent need to develop the life of three big oil crops
It produces, improve quality, to increase oil plant aggregate supply, improve China edible oil and protein occupancy volume per capita, ensure national edible oil
Safety.However, China it is agricultural arable land constantly reduce in the case where, and primarily ensure grain-production under the premise of, further expand
Oneself is very limited for the potentiality of big three big oil crops cultivated area, how to improve three big oil crops unit yields, increases arable land
Multiple crop index improves existing arable land unit area oil-bearing crops, is the important channel and reality way for increasing national oil plant aggregate supply
Diameter.
Existing 4633.7 ten thousand mu of the arable land in Jiangxi Province, wherein 840.8 ten thousand mu of nonirrigated farmland, 3765.8 ten thousand mu of paddy field, are that the whole nation is important
Oil crops main producing region and oil crops give priority to area.Jiangxi belongs to Yangtze river basin double-low rapeseed Pear dominant producing zone main product and saves
Part, 8,000,000 mu of existing sown area, cotton-rape, paddy field rape and Upland Red Soil rape respectively account for about 1/3；Peanut is sowed throughout the year
3,000,000 mu of area, be the major production areas of southern peanut, paddy field peanut and Upland Red Soil peanut respectively account for 1/2；Sesame is that the whole nation four is big
One of main product province, Semen sesami nigrum accounts for 60% or more of national share, and at home and abroad market has long enjoyed a good reputation, and sows face throughout the year and stablizes
1000000 mu, essentially all Upland Red Soil sesame.The big oil crops cultivated area of Jiangxi rape, peanut, sesame etc. three reaches throughout the year
12000000 mu, total yield under the premise of ensuring the production of grain rice crop, still has very big development potentiality up to 1,200,000 tons.Mainly
Cause are as follows: first is that potential using winter-fallowed paddy field expanding species Rape-seed production area, Jiangxi Winter paddy field area is big, winter kind coverage rate only 2O%
Left and right, the whole province still have winter slack to plough 20,000,000 mu or so, can be used to Rape-seed production completely in 24,000,000 mu of paddy fields；Second is that three is big
Oil crops per unit area yield is low and unstable.By taking rape as an example, it is 70kg/ mus that Jiangxi, which is averaged that rapeseed underproduces, variation lines between year border
It counts up to 30% or more.Third is that the Upland Red Soil multiple crop index of oil crops plantation is low, about more than 500 ten thousand mu of Upland Red Soil portion big absolutely
It point is all 2 years three batches " winter rapes-autumn sesame-Spring Peanut " or 1 year one batch of " winter slack-Spring Peanut ", " winter rape-summer and autumn are not busy ",
Multiple crop index only about 1.5, or even only 1.0, multiple crop index can be improved completely and arrive for land occupation condition preferable Upland Red Soil in part
3.0。
Summary of the invention
In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of three batches of Upland Red Soil anniversary oily crop-planting method, to existing
The Upland Red Soil of oil crops plantation, raises the multiple-cropping index, and so that its anniversary oil crops is produced 1 batch or 1.5 batches becomes 3 batches, directly
Effect is connected at double or at the double oil-bearing crops for improving unit cultivated area.
In order to achieve the above objectives, technical scheme is as follows:
Three batches of Upland Red Soil anniversary oily crop-planting methods, successively planted for three batches of rape, peanut, sesame crops in the anniversary
It plants；Winter rape first in mechanical rotary tillage soil-working live streaming in 15-20 days October, in 25-30 day April next year mechanical harvest simultaneously crushing straw is also
Ground；Immediately mechanical after rape stubble to plough rake site preparation, Spring Peanut is sowed in 25-30 in April, is harvested in August 10-15 days；Before harvesting peanut
3-7 days no-tillage sets broadcast autumn sesame, and at August 5-10 days between set sowing time, autumn sesame completes one in mature harvest in 15-20 days October
Three batches of oil productions of anniversary.
Wherein, the kind in the rape selection winter sowing time of infertility<185 day, yield potentiality>100kg/ mu, peanut, which is selected, sows in spring
The kind in the time of infertility<115 day, yield potentiality>200kg/ mu, the Semen sesami nigrum kind that sesame selects autumn sowing to give birth to entirely<70 days.Tool
Body, the rape variety selects sunlight 131, and peanut varieties select Yueyou 256, and sesame variety selects golden yellow fiber crops or Jiangxi sesame
No. 7.
The method of fertilising are as follows:
Rape stubble fertilising dosage are as follows: N 10-11kg, P per acre2O5 4-5kg、K2O 5-6kg, borax 1.0kg divide 2 times and apply
It is to combine that mechanical site preparation sowing is spread or base applies 70% N and 70% K with, application for the first time2O, 100% P2O5And borax,
Second application be imposed around New Year's Day in next year remaining 30% N and 30% K2O。
Peanut stubble fertilising dosage are as follows: N 6-7kg, P per acre2O5 5-6kg、K2O 8-9kg, point 2 applications, is applied for the first time
It is to combine mechanical site preparation to spread base to apply 70% N and 70% K2O, 100% P2O5, second of application is chased after in peanut flowering stage
Apply remaining 30% N and 30% K2O。
Autumn sesame stubble fertilising dosage are as follows: N 5-6kg, P per acre2O5 3-4kg、K2O 6-7kg, point 2 applications, is applied for the first time
When with being that combined cover broadcasts sesame, fertilizer and sesame seed blended sliver base are applied 70% N and 70% K2O, 100% P2O5, the
Secondary application is to impose the K of remaining 30% N and 30% in sesame bud initial stage2O。
Three batches of Upland Red Soil anniversary provided by the invention oily crop-planting methods, on the one hand adapted under new normality not with water
While seed rice plant strives arable land and ensures grain-production, to the multiple crop index 1.0 or 1.5 of the Upland Red Soil of existing oil crops plantation
3.0 are increased to, directly effectively at double or at the double oil-bearing crops for improving unit cultivated area.By taking Jiangxi Province as an example, Jiangxi is existing
There are 6,400,000 mu of Upland Red Soil, wherein about 2,700,000 mu of Upland Red Soil rape seed area, Upland Red Soil peanut seeding area about 150
It ten thousand mu, about 1,000,000 mu of Upland Red Soil sesame sown area, is raised the multiple-cropping index with rape seed area, it will be directly effective
Improve the absolute sown area of peanut and sesame.On the other hand, this item patented technology incorporates new normality lower anniversary " rape-
The anniversary nutrient demand of peanut-sesame " rotation system, accurate dose, simplifies fertilizer application frequency, improves fertilizer utilization
Rate, while simplifying technical measures using light, reduce services dispatch, save oil crops production cost, alleviates oil plant work
Object productive labor intensity has reached the light simplified trend demand of oil crops production, a year border crop rotation is in addition made to become crop rotation in year
Oil crops continuous cropping obstacle is abolished, the resource utilizations such as arable land light warm water heat are improved.
Specific embodiment
It is described in conjunction with the embodiments the specific technical solution of the present invention.
Three batches of Upland Red Soil anniversary oily crop-planting methods, detailed process are as follows:
1, the oil crops variety selection of three batches of Upland Red Soil anniversary oily mode:
Method of the invention is winter rape-Spring Peanut-three batches of autumn sesame anniversary oily high yield technology, and rape selects winter sowing to give birth to entirely
Educate the phase that<kind of 185 days, yield potentiality>100kg/ mu, peanut select the sow in spring time of infertility<115 day, yield potentiality>200kg/
The kind of mu, the Semen sesami nigrum kind that sesame selects autumn sowing to give birth to entirely < 70 days, is screened, rape can at this stage through many years variety protection
Sunlight 131 is selected, Yueyou 256 can be selected in peanut, and Jiangxi sesame No. 7 or golden yellow fiber crops can be selected in Semen sesami nigrum.With traditional Upland Red Soil kind mould
Formula technology is compared, and unit cultivated area multiple crop index has been increased to 3.0 at double or at double by 1.0 or 1.5, is specifically shown in the following table 1.
The oil variety of 1 different mode technology of table is selected and multiple crop index
2, the crops for rotation linking of three batches of Upland Red Soil anniversary oily mode:
Continuous cropping connects stubble live streaming current year winter rape, rape harvest after rotary tillage after the autumn sesame stubble of method prior year of the invention
Rake continuous cropping to be ploughed afterwards connects stubble sowing Spring Peanut, 3-7 days sets broadcast Semen sesami nigrum, Spring Peanut and 3-7 days autumn sesame symbiosis phase before harvesting peanut,
It was preferred with 5 days.By taking Nanchang district in Jiangxi Province as an example, three batches of anniversary, oily each oil crops crops for rotation of mode connect a batch timing node
Are as follows: after prior year autumn sesame harvest, current year winter rape is about 15-20 days October, and Spring Peanut is about sowed in 25-30 in April, Qiu Zhi
Fiber crops are about broadcast in August 5-10 day sets, and spring flower is born in August 10-15 day harvests, Spring Peanut and autumn sesame symbiosis 3-7 days.Specifically it see the table below
2。
The oil crops of 2 different mode technology of table sow harvest time point and connect a batch mode
3, the oil crops of three batches of Upland Red Soil anniversary oily mode gently simplify fertilising dosage and number:
(1) the rape stubble under three batches of Upland Red Soil anniversary oily modes gently simplifies fertilising dosage are as follows: per acre N10-11kg,
P2O54-5kg、K2O5-6kg, borax 1.0kg, points of 2 times applications, for the first time application are to combine that mechanical site preparation sowing is spread or a base is applied
70% N and K2O, 100% P2O5And borax, second application be imposed New Year's Day around in next year remaining 30% N with
K2O。
(2) the peanut stubble under three batches of Upland Red Soil anniversary oily mode gently simplifies fertilising dosage are as follows: N6-7kg, P per acre2O55-
6kg、K2O8-9kg, point 2 applications, for the first time application are that mechanical site preparation is combined to spread N and K that base applies 70%2O, 100% P2O5,
Second of application is to impose remaining 30% N and K in peanut flowering stage2O。
(3) the autumn sesame stubble under three batches of Upland Red Soil anniversary oily modes gently simplifies fertilising dosage are as follows: per acre N5-6kg,
P2O53-4kg、K2O6-7kg, point 2 applications, when application is that combined cover broadcasts sesame for the first time, fertilizer and sesame seed blended sliver
Base applies 70% N and K2O, 100% P2O5, second of application is to impose remaining 30% N and K in sesame bud initial stage2O。
4, the oil crops of three batches of Upland Red Soil anniversary oily mode gently simplify fertilization type and mode:
(1) in Upland Red Soil, it is proposed that Fertilizers apply urea and ternary compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer ternary compound fertilizer, potassium
Fertilizer application potassium chloride and ternary compound fertilizer, boron fertilizer apply borax (Na2B4lOH2O) >=95.0%.
(2) three batches of Upland Red Soil oily mode rape stubbles gently simplify fertilization mode and take, and first time basal dressing makees seed manure, that is, uses
Compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide respectively contain 15%) 27-33kg, urea 4-6kg, borax (Na2B4·lOH2O)≥
95.0%1kg is sufficiently mixed with direct-sowing rape seed to be mixed even rear crop field mechanical planting row replacement or spreads fertilizer over the fields；Second of spraying fertilizer, depending on big
Field soil moisture content, the growth of cereal crop seedlings and weather condition are by the end of December or the mixing of first beginning of the month imposes urea 6-7kg and potassium chloride (potassium oxide content
60%) 1.5-2kg, without intertillage.
(3) three batches of Upland Red Soil oily mode peanut stubbles gently simplify fertilization mode and take, and first time basal dressing makees seed manure, that is, uses
Compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide respectively contain 15%) 33-40kg combination crop field machinery site preparation is spread fertilizer over the fields；Second of spraying fertilizer,
Urea 2-3kg and potassium chloride (potassium oxide content 60%) are imposed depending on the mixing of crop field soil moisture content, the growth of cereal crop seedlings and weather condition peanut flowering stage
4-4.5kg。
(4) three batches of Upland Red Soil oily mode sesame stubbles gently simplify fertilization mode and take, and first time basal dressing makees seed manure, that is, uses
Compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide respectively contain 15%) 20-27kg, potassium chloride 1.5-2kg and set are broadcast sesame seed and are sufficiently mixed
It is mixed even rear big male row replacement；Second of spraying fertilizer, depending on crop field soil moisture content, the growth of cereal crop seedlings and weather condition, at sesame bud initial stage, mixing is imposed
Urea 3-4kg and potassium chloride (potassium oxide content 60%) 3-3.5kg.
Compared with traditional mode one batch of oily mode fertilising in 1 year, the accumulative fertilising decrement of three crops, N reduces 7kg/ mus, P2O5
Reduce 2kg/ mus, K2Also economization 7kg/ mu of O, and application times are reduced 3-5 time, services dispatch and fertilizer amount are saved absolutely
Value is obvious, and oil seed production cost savings effect is significant, is specifically shown in the following table 3.
The dose and fertilizer application frequency of 3 Different Fertilization method of table
Compared with local 1 year one batch of oil crops production and application fertilizer, three batches of oil modes high yield skills of anniversary of this technology
The N,P,K fertilizers utilization rate of art application fertilizer significantly improves, and N fertilizer utilization rate improves 1-9 percentage points, P2O5Utilization rate improves
1-6 percentage points, K2O utilization rate improves 1-8 percentage points, has achieved the effect that abridged edition of losing weight；Fertilization mode gently simplifies, and both subtracts
Lack services dispatch, and significantly reduces oil seed production labor intensity.It is specifically shown in the following table 4.
The utilization rate of fertilizer and fertilization mode of 4 Different Fertilization method of table
5, the matching technology main points of three batches of Upland Red Soil anniversary oily mode:
(1) peanut set broadcasts sesame: 3-7 days row set live streaming sesames, peanut before harvesting peanut being taken to be unable to machine receipts, Zhi Nengren
Work pulls out receipts.
(2) peanut after rape stubble: machine receives rape with crushing rape stalk returning full.
The utility model has the advantages that
1, the oily mode oil plant high yield increment of three batches of Upland Red Soil anniversary is obvious.
Three batches of Upland Red Soil anniversary, oily modes (Peanut-Oil Rape-sesame) were within an anniversary, with 1 year one batch of oil (rape
Or peanut or sesame) mode is control, although on single output of oil-bearing crop, the slightly underproduction can produce rape, flower simultaneously
3 kinds of oil products such as raw and sesame, the total amount of oil-bearing crops is at double or close to increase at double, from the output value, with regard to single oil
The output value of material crop is slightly decreased, but can increase -1750 yuan/mu of 1300 yuan/mu of the output value.Specifically it is shown in Table 5.
Oil-bearing crops output value situation in the oily mode unit time in three batches of 5 Upland Red Soil anniversary of table
2, three batches of Upland Red Soil anniversary oily mode abridged edition, land resources utilization rate are promoted obvious.
Oily pattern technology applied set and broadcast skill compared with 1 year traditional one batch of oily pattern technology three batches of Upland Red Soil anniversary
Art and simplifying fertilizer practice, can be good at saving services dispatch, abridged edition effect is obvious, simultaneously for land area of one unit,
Multiple crop index is improved at 3 times, the resource utilizations such as light, temperature, water, soil, gas greatly improve.
3, three batches of Upland Red Soil anniversary oily mode utilization rate of fertilizer improves.
The 6 Upland Red Soil anniversary of table three batches of oily utilization rate of fertilizer situations
As shown in table 6, under three batches of Upland Red Soil anniversary oily mode (Peanut-Oil Rape-sesame), the nitrogen of oil crops fertilising,
Phosphorus, one batch of oil of potassic fertilizer utilization rate than 1 year (or rape or peanut or sesame) have comprehensively it is different degrees of significantly improve, reach
The effect for having arrived weight-reducing abridged edition has responded the national strategy demand of the crops Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied application high yield of current implementation.
Claims (3)
1. three batches of Upland Red Soil anniversary oily crop-planting method, which is characterized in that for rape, peanut, three batches of sesame in the anniversary
Crop is successively planted；Winter rape is in mechanical rotary tillage soil-working live streaming in 15-20 days October first, in mechanical harvest in 25-30 days April next year
And crushing straw is also；Immediately mechanical after rape stubble to plough rake site preparation, Spring Peanut is sowed in 25-30 in April, is harvested in August 10-15 days；
3-7 days no-tillage sets broadcast autumn sesame before harvesting peanut, and at August 5-10 days between set sowing time, autumn sesame is in mature receipts in 15-20 days October
It obtains, completes three batches of oil productions of an anniversary.
2. three batches of Upland Red Soil anniversary oily crop-planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the rape
The kind in the selection winter sowing time of infertility<185 day, yield potentiality>100kg/ mu, peanut are selected the time of infertility<115 day of sowing in spring, are produced
The kind of potentiality>200kg/ mus of amount, the Semen sesami nigrum kind that sesame selects autumn sowing to give birth to entirely<70 days.
3. three batches of Upland Red Soil anniversary oily crop-planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
Rape stubble fertilising dosage are as follows: N 10-11kg, P per acre2O5 4-5kg、K2O 5-6kg, borax 1.0kg, point 2 applications, the
Applied once is to combine that mechanical site preparation sowing is spread or base applies 70% N and 70% K2O, 100% P2O5And borax, second
It is secondary application be imposed around New Year's Day in next year remaining 30% N and 30% K2O。
Peanut stubble fertilising dosage are as follows: N 6-7kg, P per acre2O5 5-6kg、K2O 8-9kg, point 2 applications, application for the first time is knot
The mechanical site preparation of conjunction spreads base and applies 70% N and 70% K2O, 100% P2O5, second application be imposed in peanut flowering stage it is surplus
Under 30% N and 30% K2O。
Autumn sesame stubble fertilising dosage are as follows: N 5-6kg, P per acre2O5 3-4kg、K2O 6-7kg, point 2 applications, for the first time application are
When combined cover broadcasts sesame, fertilizer and sesame seed blended sliver base are applied 70% N and 70% K2O, 100% P2O5, second
Application is to impose remaining 30% N and 30% K in sesame bud initial stage2O。
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