CN109328588A - A kind of Tree Precise Fertilization method based on climatic similarity Orchard-oriented root system - Google Patents
A kind of Tree Precise Fertilization method based on climatic similarity Orchard-oriented root system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109328588A CN109328588A CN201811175156.8A CN201811175156A CN109328588A CN 109328588 A CN109328588 A CN 109328588A CN 201811175156 A CN201811175156 A CN 201811175156A CN 109328588 A CN109328588 A CN 109328588A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Tree Precise Fertilization methods based on climatic similarity Orchard-oriented root system, by determining fertilising dosage and determining fertilizer placement, orchard worker can be helped, which to cope with climate change bring, to be influenced, and can accomplish reasonable, Tree Precise Fertilization, a large amount of to save fertilising costs, it applies fertilizer more efficient, reduce the destruction to soil, avoid the decline of soil fertility, is a kind of environmentally friendly, economic, efficient garden accurate fertilizing method, orchard yield can also be substantially increased simultaneously, can be put into practice.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural engineering field, in particular to a kind of Tree Precise Fertilization based on climatic similarity Orchard-oriented root system
Method.
Background technique
In China's orchard planting, utilization rate of fertilizer is general lower, and most area is less than 50%, and the orchard of developed country
Utilization rate of fertilizer is generally 60% or more.Orchard fertilising is unreasonable, easily causes fertilizer waste, soil fertility decline, low output etc.
Problem, the serious further development for restricting China's orchard planting technology.
Fertilising is the important link during orchard planting is cultivated, and fruit tree root fertilising must grasp root growth, distribution, absorption
Fertilizer could be applied to optimum absorption site, and give full play to the maximum efficiency of fertilizer by characteristic.Simultaneously as China's gas
Complicated multiplicity is waited, monsoon climate is significant, and four seasons climate change influences orchard fertilising efficiency very big.Current garden accurate fertilising neck
Domain mostly uses the water-fertilizer integral of automatic control to equip, and is applied according to fixed proportion, or according to fixed empirical law
Fertilizer the problems such as not considering planting environment, climate change, does not only help the growth of fruit tree under the model of opened loop control,
The normal development of fruit tree is influenced instead, or causes the waste of water and fertilizer.
Still belong in current Tree Precise Fertilization field, the research of the fertilizing method based on climatic similarity Orchard-oriented root system both at home and abroad
Blank.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of technical solutions: one kind being based on climatic similarity Orchard-oriented root
The Tree Precise Fertilization method of system, innovative point is, includes the following steps:
A, before formula, the measurement of available nutrient soil test: is carried out to the soil of grown place；
B, determine fertilizer: the fertilizer type needed according to the P in soil H value measured in step A and crop selects corresponding fertilizer
Expect type；
C, calculate fertilising dosage: be calculated and determined fertilising dosage=(total nutrient content needed for target output-fertilizer provision from soil amount)/
(nutrient content × fertilizer nutrient utilization in fertilizer)；
D, it determines fertilizer placement: uniformly applying fertilizer to root system compact district, layer；
E, fertilising step: the fertilising dosage that will be calculated in step C puts into water-fertilizer integral Tree Precise Fertilization mechanism
In, then according to weather and fruit tree nutrient uptake feature dynamic regulation liquid manure amount and ratio, it can achieve the purpose of Tree Precise Fertilization.
Preferably, being supported needed for total nutrient content needed for target output described in step C=target output value × specific yield
Component；Fertilizer provision from soil amount=available nutrient of soil measured value × 2.25, described 2.25 is in 1 hectare area 20cm thick soil stratums
Contained effective nutritional quality (kg).
Preferably, the target output value=weather Productive Potential of Soil value × local agriculture resources utilization rate.
Preferably, the weather Productive Potential of Soil value=soil fertility correction coefficient × agroclimatic potential productivity value.
Preferably, the agroclimatic potential productivity value=moisture correction coefficient × light and temperature potential productivity value.
Preferably, the light and temperature potential productivity value=temperature correction facotor × photosynthetic production value.
Preferably, the photosynthetic production value is that fruit tree is under ideal conditions, in crop growth period, unit is ploughed
The practical acquisition solar radiant energy of plant population is formed by maximum output in ground area.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention is applied in the fertilising of orchard, and orchard worker is helped to cope with climate change bring shadow
It rings, can accomplish reasonable, Tree Precise Fertilization, it is a large amount of to save fertilising costs, it applies fertilizer more efficient, in addition reduces the waste of fertilizer,
And reduce the decline that soil fertility is avoided to the destruction of soil, it is a kind of environmentally friendly, economic, efficient garden accurate fertilising side
Method, while orchard yield can also be substantially increased, it can put into practice.
Detailed description of the invention
Detailed description will be given by the following detailed implementation and drawings by the present invention for ease of explanation,.
Fig. 1 is schematic diagram of the temperature to the effect curves of Photosynthesis of Fruit.
Fig. 2 is orchard root system schematic diagram.
1- main root；2- lateral root；3- fibrous root；4- rhizome.
Specific embodiment
Present embodiment uses a kind of following technical scheme: Tree Precise Fertilization based on climatic similarity Orchard-oriented root system
Method includes the following steps:
A, before formula, the measurement of available nutrient soil test: is carried out to the soil of grown place；
B, determine fertilizer: the fertilizer type needed according to the P in soil H value measured in step A and crop selects corresponding fertilizer
Expect type；
C, calculate fertilising dosage: be calculated and determined fertilising dosage=(total nutrient content needed for target output-fertilizer provision from soil amount)/
(nutrient content × fertilizer nutrient utilization in fertilizer)；
D, it determines fertilizer placement: uniformly applying fertilizer to root system compact district, layer；
E, fertilising step: the fertilising dosage that will be calculated in step C puts into water-fertilizer integral Tree Precise Fertilization mechanism
In, liquid manure ratio and fertilizer placement are then automatically adjusted according to fruit tree internal and external environment, can achieve the purpose of Tree Precise Fertilization.
Wherein, amount of nutrients needed for total nutrient content needed for target output described in step C=target output value × specific yield；
Fertilizer provision from soil amount=available nutrient of soil measured value × 2.25, described 2.25 be contained in 1 hectare area 20cm thick soil stratum
Available nutrient quality (kg).
Wherein, the target output value=weather Productive Potential of Soil value × local agriculture resources utilization rate.
Wherein, the weather Productive Potential of Soil value=soil fertility correction coefficient × agroclimatic potential productivity value；When inorganic
When nutrient supply is more than a certain numerical value, even if being further added by the supply of inorganic nutrients, do not work to yield is improved yet, still,
In the case where soil fertility level is very low, increase the content of inorganic nutrients in soil, can but make fruit tree crop production approximate
Straight line increases；So can be gone to multiply agroclimatic potential productivity compared with positive coefficient with fertility on the basis of known agroclimatic potential productivity value
Value, value is exactly Productive Potential of Soil yield；Its expression formula are as follows:
In formula, W is soil fertility correction coefficient, method for solving are as follows:
W=F1×F2
In formula, F1It is the comprehensive weight of every factors of fertility, F2It is that every factors of fertility is subordinate to angle value.
Wherein, the agroclimatic potential productivity value=moisture correction coefficient × light and temperature potential productivity value；What fruit tree root system absorbed
There is 99% to be used as transpiration in moisture, there is linear relationship between transpiration rate and yield, therefore chresard correction coefficient
Agroclimatic potential productivity value, expression formula are obtained multiplied by light and temperature potential productivity are as follows:
In formula, piIt is the moisture correction coefficient in the i-th ten days, method for solving are as follows:
In formula, L1It is that day part soil is practical to supply water, is sought by water balance equation；L2 is the potential water consumption of day part, by
Aqueous evaporable is sought with leaf area index relationship.
Wherein, the light and temperature potential productivity value=temperature correction facotor × photosynthetic production value；Since temperature is to fruit tree
Photosynthetic effect curves are approximately parabola, are considered as linear relationship (as shown in Figure 1) in most thermophilic area approximation, therefore
It can be obtained by photosynthetic production multiplied by temperature correction facotor in coefficient correction；
Its expression formula are as follows:
In formula, TiIt is the temperature correction facotor in the i-th ten days, method for solving are as follows:
Wherein, the photosynthetic production value is that fruit tree is under ideal conditions, in crop growth period, unit arable land face
The practical acquisition solar radiant energy of plant population is formed by maximum output in product；In crop growth period, on unit cultivated area
The practical acquisition solar radiant energy of plant population is formed by maximum output；Its mathematical model estimated are as follows:
Each parameter meaning is as follows: y in formularFor photosynthetic production value (pound/acre), yiFor the potential photosynthesis value in the i-th ten days, K
For energy conversion factor, E is the highest efficiency of light energy utilization (%), qiFor the i-th ten days photosynthetically active radiation value (kilocalorie/centimetre2×
Ten days)；
Root is it was found that up to 6.13%, E value of this numerical value as fruit tree is can be selected in the plant maximum physiology efficiency of light energy utilization.
K value solves: taking economic flow rate to account for the 40% of biological yield, every formation 1g fruit consumption of calorie is Q1(kilocalorie), then
Energy conversion factor on soil per acre:
Weather Productive Potential of Soil value is calculated by climatic factor on, determines target output, so that it is total that fertilising is calculated
Amount.
Different climatic environments determines the different growth conditions of fruit tree, and the demand to fertilizer is also different, thus applies in determination
After fertile total amount, dynamic is made to dose, liquid manure ratio according to different climatic environments and is adjusted.Climatic factor is mainly illumination, temperature
It spends, moisture, amount of carbon dioxide variation is very small around other factors if tree therefore its influence is ignored.Climatic factor is to fruit tree
Influence is embodied directly in fruit development, can make unstable setting fruit position, low output and poor quality as illumination is bad, temperature it is excessively high or
Too low to will cause that fruit quality is poor, percentage of fertile fruit is low, precipitation deficiency can make that fruit color is bad, cold-hartliness is poor.Cope with illumination and temperature
The problem of spending unreasonable initiation, can be used appropriate adjustment Application Ratio and dose is made up, and such as control nitrogen, increasing potassium can promote
Fruit increases, promotes coloring, and the appropriate phosphorus application amount that increases helps to increase the sugar content of fruit, improves the hardness of fruit.It is most suitable for apple
Root growth soil moisture content is equivalent to maxmun field capacity and obtains 60% -80%, unreasonable for precipitation, can use
Soil humidity sensor automatically adjusts rich water ratio by water-fertilizer integral controller, is suitable for model to control soil moisture content and be in
In enclosing.
As shown in Fig. 2, fertilizer placement is orchard root system compact district, in layer；The orchard root system include main root 1, lateral root 2,
Fibrous root 3 and rhizome 4；Main root 1 is equipped on the downside of the rhizome 4, the 4 downside side of rhizome is equipped with several lateral roots 2；The main root
1 and lateral root 2 on be equipped with several fibrous roots 3；
Here main root 1 neither absorbs water nor eats fertilizer, applies fertilizer too close, is easy to hurt root, water too close, is conducive to grow bacterium, so pouring
Water fertilising can not separating fruit tree it is too close；Fertilizer is inhaled in lateral root 2 apart from 20-40cm of ground, the absorption root referred to as fruit tree, fruit tree water suction
Mainly against the raw fibrous root 3 in absorption root；General fruit tree Root Distribution is wider than tree crown spreading range, absorb moisture and
The radicula of nutrient, horizontal direction are distributed in tree crown slightly at a distance more, and vertical direction is mostly intensively between 20-40 centimetres；In addition, fertilising
Depth and range change with tree species, kind, the age of tree, environmental condition, cultivation technique and fertilizer type etc.；Treelet root system is shallow,
Distribution is small, is advisable with shallowly applying, and otherwise will cause unnecessary waste and environmental pollution；The age of tree is big, extension of root range is wide,
It pricks deep, fertilising range and depth should be expanded, prevent from burning out tree root；
Therefore, optimal fertilization mode is equably to apply after fertilizer is dissolved in water in root system compact district, layer；Specific fertilising
Water-fertilizer integral Tree Precise Fertilization mechanism can be used in operation, automatically adjusts liquid manure ratio and fertilizer placement according to fruit tree internal and external environment,
To achieve the purpose that Tree Precise Fertilization.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Tree Precise Fertilization method based on climatic similarity Orchard-oriented root system, which comprises the steps of:
A, before formula, the measurement of available nutrient soil test: is carried out to the soil of grown place；
B, determine fertilizer: the fertilizer type needed according to the P in soil H value measured in step A and crop selects corresponding fertilizer kind
Class；
C, it calculates fertilising dosage: fertilising dosage=(total nutrient content needed for target output-fertilizer provision from soil amount)/(fertilizer is calculated and determined
Middle nutrient content × fertilizer nutrient utilization)；
D, it determines fertilizer placement: uniformly applying fertilizer to root system compact district, layer；
E, fertilising step: the fertilising dosage that will be calculated in step C is put into water-fertilizer integral Tree Precise Fertilization mechanism, so
Liquid manure ratio and fertilizer placement are automatically adjusted according to fruit tree internal and external environment afterwards, can achieve the purpose of Tree Precise Fertilization.
2. a kind of Tree Precise Fertilization method based on climatic similarity Orchard-oriented root system according to claim 1, feature exist
In: amount of nutrients needed for total nutrient content needed for target output described in step C=target output value × specific yield；
The fertilizer provision from soil amount=soil compensation coefficient × available nutrient of soil measured value × 2.25, described 2.25 be 1 hectare area
Nutritional quality (kg) is imitated contained in 20cm thick soil stratum.
3. a kind of Tree Precise Fertilization method based on climatic similarity Orchard-oriented root system according to claim 2, feature exist
In: the target output value=Productive Potential of Soil value × local agriculture resources utilization rate.
4. a kind of Tree Precise Fertilization method based on climatic similarity Orchard-oriented root system according to claim 3, feature exist
In: the Productive Potential of Soil value=fertility is compared with positive coefficient × agroclimatic potential productivity value.
5. a kind of Tree Precise Fertilization method based on climatic similarity Orchard-oriented root system according to claim 4, feature exist
In: the agroclimatic potential productivity value=moisture correction coefficient × light and temperature potential productivity value.
6. a kind of Tree Precise Fertilization method based on climatic similarity Orchard-oriented root system according to claim 5, feature exist
In: the light and temperature potential productivity value=photosynthetic production value × temperature correction facotor.
7. a kind of Tree Precise Fertilization method based on climatic similarity Orchard-oriented root system according to claim 6, feature exist
In: the photosynthetic production value is that fruit tree is under ideal conditions, in crop growth period, plant group on unit cultivated area
The practical acquisition solar radiant energy of body is formed by maximum output.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110751335A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2020-02-04 | 中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所 | Regional ecological quality annual scene prediction evaluation method and device |
| CN114793729A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2022-07-29 | 武汉楚强生物科技有限公司 | Method for recovering micro-ecosystem of orchard soil |
| CN116941400A (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-10-27 | 济宁市兖州区同瑞机械有限公司 | Fertilization control system based on thing networking |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110751335A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2020-02-04 | 中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所 | Regional ecological quality annual scene prediction evaluation method and device |
| CN114793729A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2022-07-29 | 武汉楚强生物科技有限公司 | Method for recovering micro-ecosystem of orchard soil |
| CN116941400A (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-10-27 | 济宁市兖州区同瑞机械有限公司 | Fertilization control system based on thing networking |
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Application publication date: 20190215 |