CN109312830B - 旋转张紧器 - Google Patents

旋转张紧器 Download PDF

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CN109312830B
CN109312830B CN201780037043.9A CN201780037043A CN109312830B CN 109312830 B CN109312830 B CN 109312830B CN 201780037043 A CN201780037043 A CN 201780037043A CN 109312830 B CN109312830 B CN 109312830B
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arm
base
swing arm
tensioner
damping ring
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CN109312830A (zh
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V·洛伊希特
A·马丁内兹
J·迪尔泰
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H7/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members
    • F16H7/08Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains
    • F16H7/10Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains by adjusting the axis of a pulley
    • F16H7/12Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains by adjusting the axis of a pulley of an idle pulley
    • F16H7/1209Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains by adjusting the axis of a pulley of an idle pulley with vibration damping means
    • F16H7/1245Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains by adjusting the axis of a pulley of an idle pulley with vibration damping means of the dissipating material type, e.g. elastomeric spring
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H7/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members
    • F16H7/08Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains
    • F16H7/0829Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains with vibration damping means
    • F16H7/0831Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains with vibration damping means of the dry friction type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B67/00Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B67/04Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus
    • F02B67/06Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus driven by means of chains, belts, or like endless members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H7/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members
    • F16H7/08Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains
    • F16H7/0829Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains with vibration damping means
    • F16H7/0838Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains with vibration damping means of the dissipating material type, e.g. elastomeric spring
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H7/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members
    • F16H7/08Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains
    • F16H2007/0802Actuators for final output members
    • F16H2007/081Torsion springs
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H7/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members
    • F16H7/08Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains
    • F16H2007/0863Finally actuated members, e.g. constructional details thereof
    • F16H2007/0865Pulleys
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H7/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members
    • F16H7/08Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains
    • F16H2007/0863Finally actuated members, e.g. constructional details thereof
    • F16H2007/0874Two or more finally actuated members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H7/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members
    • F16H7/08Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains
    • F16H2007/0889Path of movement of the finally actuated member
    • F16H2007/0893Circular path
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H7/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members
    • F16H7/08Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains
    • F16H2007/0889Path of movement of the finally actuated member
    • F16H2007/0897External to internal direction

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)

Abstract

一种张紧器,其包括:具有基部孔口的基部,该基部孔口设置成接收从动部件;旋转臂,其与基部枢转地接合,旋转臂的旋转轴线与基部孔口的中心对准;第一带轮,其被轴颈支撑到旋转臂;摆动臂,其围绕轴与旋转臂枢转地接合,该轴和该摆动臂各自具有配合的截头圆锥形部分;扭转弹簧,其偏压枢轴臂;第二带轮,其被轴颈支撑到摆动臂;衬套,其具有与摆动臂的截头圆锥形部分摩擦接合的截头圆锥形部分,该衬套与所述轴或枢轴臂成固定关系;以及第一阻尼环,其在旋转臂和基部之间摩擦接合;碟形弹簧,其处于按压接合中,由此将法向力施加到第一阻尼环。

Description

旋转张紧器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种张紧器,更具体地,涉及一种旋转张紧器,其具有:与基部枢转地接合的旋转臂,所述旋转臂的旋转中心与基部孔口的中心对准;摆动臂,其围绕轴与旋转臂枢转地接合,所述轴和所述摆动臂各自具有配合的截头圆锥形部分;衬套,其具有与摆动臂的截头圆锥形部分摩擦接合的截头圆锥形部分。
背景技术
大多数内燃机包括诸如动力转向机构、交流发电机和空调等辅助设备。这些辅助设备通常由皮带驱动。张紧器通常用于将预负载施加到皮带上,以便防止滑动。张紧器可以安装到发动机安装表面。
发动机还可以包括启停系统,由此当车辆不运动时将关闭发动机,并且当接收到驾驶员命令而行进时,将重新起动发动机。
启停功能将易于使皮带上的负载反向。因此,张紧器可用于适应皮带负载反向。张紧器可包括一个或多个部件,所述一个或多个部件独立枢转以便在两个皮带驱动方向上适当地施加所需的皮带预紧力。张紧器也可以直接安装到诸如交流发电机的辅助设备,以便节省发动机舱中的空间。
本领域的代表是WO2014/100894,其公开了一种用于张紧环形驱动构件的张紧器,该环形驱动构件与动力装置的轴上的旋转驱动构件接合。张紧器包括:基部,其可以安装到动力装置;环,其被所述基部可旋转地支撑并且与动力装置的轴成环绕关系,所述环能够围绕环的轴线旋转;张紧器臂,其枢转地安装到所述环上,用于围绕臂的枢转轴线而枢转运动;以及第一张紧器带轮和第二张紧器带轮。第一张紧器带轮可旋转地安装到张紧器臂。张紧器臂朝向环形驱动构件的在旋转驱动构件的一侧上的第一跨度偏置。第二张紧器轮至少间接地、可旋转地安装到环,并且朝向环形驱动构件的在旋转驱动构件的另一侧上的第二跨度偏置。该环能够响应于第一张紧器带轮和第二张紧器带轮中的轮毂负载而旋转,所述轮毂负载由与环形驱动构件的第一跨度和第二跨度的接合而产生。
所需要的是一种这样的张紧器,其具有:与基部枢转地接合的旋转臂,所述旋转臂的旋转中心与基部孔口的中心对准;摆动臂,其围绕轴与旋转臂枢转地接合,所述轴和所述摆动臂各自具有配合的截头圆锥形部分;衬套,其具有与摆动臂的截头圆锥形部分摩擦接合的截头圆锥形部分。本发明满足了这种需要。
发明内容
本发明的主要方面是提供一种张紧器,所述张紧器具有:与基部枢转接合的旋转臂,所述旋转臂的旋转中心与基部孔口的中心对准;摆动臂,所述摆动臂围绕轴与旋转臂枢转地接合,所述轴和所述摆动臂各自具有配合的截头圆锥形部分;衬套,所述衬套具有与摆动臂的截头圆锥形部分摩擦接合的截头圆锥形部分。
通过以下的本发明的描述和附图,将指出或使得本发明的其他方面变得显而易见。
本发明包括张紧器,所述张紧器包括:基部,所述基部具有基部孔口,所述基部孔口设置成接收从动部件;旋转臂,所述旋转臂与基部枢转地接合,该旋转臂的旋转轴线与基部孔口的中心对准;第一带轮,所述第一带轮被轴颈支撑到旋转臂;摆动臂,所述摆动臂围绕轴与旋转臂枢转地接合,所述轴和所述摆动臂各自具有配合的截头圆锥形部分;扭转弹簧,所述扭转弹簧偏压枢轴臂;第二带轮,所述第二带轮被轴颈支撑到摆动臂;衬套,所述衬套具有与摆动臂的截头圆锥形部分摩擦接合的截头圆锥形部分,该衬套与所述轴或所述枢轴臂成固定关系;以及第一阻尼环,所述第一阻尼环在旋转臂和基部之间摩擦接合;碟形弹簧,所述碟形弹簧处于按压接合中,由此将法向力施加到第一阻尼环。
附图说明
包含在说明书中且构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的优选实施例,并且该附图与说明书一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是俯视透视图;
图2是仰视透视图;
图3是分解视图;
图4是横截面图;
图5是图1的细节图;
图6是安装到从动部件的装置的透视图。
具体实施方式
图1是俯视透视图。旋转张紧器1000包括基部100、旋转臂202和摆动臂张紧器300。
基部100包括小孔101,用于将张紧器附接到诸如发动机交流发电机的安装表面(未示出)。每个小孔101接收诸如螺栓的紧固件(未示出)。基部100包括孔口102。孔口102具有足够大的直径以便容纳和包围诸如交流发电机带轮的从动部件(未示出)。驱动带(未示出)与从动部件接合,见图6。
旋转臂202包括第一径向突出部210和第二径向突出部211。旋转臂202还包括孔口209。孔口209的直径足够大以便容纳诸如交流发电机带带轮的从动部件(未示出)。孔口102和孔口209同轴。旋转臂202围绕基部100枢转,从而围绕孔口102枢转,即,旋转臂202具有旋转轴线A﹣A,所述旋转轴线与基部孔口102的中心(B)对准。旋转臂的旋转轴线也与从动带轮(未示出)的旋转轴线对准,所述从动轮例如是交流发电机带轮。
带轮201在轴承207上被轴颈支撑到突出部210上的旋转臂202。带轮201接合驱动带(未示出),该驱动带驱动从动的发动机辅助设备,例如交流发电机带轮。螺栓208将轴承207固定到突出部210。防尘盖212防止碎屑进入轴承207。
张紧器300包括摆动臂301。摆动臂301围绕轴304枢转。轴304可以压配合或旋拧到枢轴臂301上的突出部211中。从基部的孔口径向朝外设置轴304。带轮302在轴承310上被轴颈支撑到摆动臂301。带轮302与驱动带(未示出)接合。扭转弹簧303促使摆动臂301与驱动带(未示出)接触,从而施加皮带负载。皮带负载有利于防止皮带在操作期间滑移、磨损和产生噪音。摆动臂301的枢转运动与旋转臂202的旋转运动相配合。
在操作中,摆动臂301按压在驱动带上,从而施加皮带负载。摆动臂负载也引起反作用,由此带轮201通过旋转臂202的枢转运动而压在驱动带上。摆动臂301和旋转臂202的运动允许本发明的装置适应各种系统和皮带操作特性。带轮201和带轮302与从动带轮(未示出)共面。
图2是仰视透视图。在操作中,驱动带(未示出)接合从动带轮,例如突出穿过孔口209的交流发电机带轮。传动皮带还接合带轮201和302。
图3是分解视图。轴304包括截头圆锥形部分304a。衬套305设置在轴304和摆动臂301之间。衬套305包括截头圆锥形部分305a。
衬套305通过衬套305上的凸片305b而与轴304保持固定关系,所述凸片接合轴304中的槽304b。摆动臂301在衬套305上围绕轴304枢转。衬套305和摆动臂301之间的摩擦关系用于减弱摆动臂301的枢转运动。在替代实施例中,衬套305与枢轴臂保持固定关系。在另一实施例中,衬套305不与枢轴臂或所述轴保持固定关系。
阻尼环203设置在基部100和旋转臂202之间。阻尼环204设置成与阻尼环203相对。构件205将阻尼环204保持到基部100。碟形弹簧(Belleville spring)206向构件205施加法向的压缩力,该构件进而将法向力施加到每个阻尼环203、204。乘以阻尼环和基部之间的摩擦系数的法向力产生摩擦力,该摩擦力进而又减弱旋转臂202的运动。由于基于施加到基部100的组装过程的材料变形,碟形弹簧206被保持处于压缩状态,这进而又将张紧器保持在一起。
每个凸片203a均与旋转臂202的接收部分213接合。每个凸片204a也与旋转臂202的接收部分213接合。因此,每个阻尼环203和204以与旋转臂202固定的关系而移动。表面203c摩擦地接合基部100的表面104。表面205a摩擦地接合表面204c。
销308接合旋转臂部分214和枢轴臂301。销308将枢轴臂301保持在预定位置中,以便有利于安装驱动带(未示出)。一旦完成张紧器和皮带的安装并且系统投入运行,然后就移除销308。
图4是横截面视图。轴304包括截头圆锥形部分304a。圆锥角θ处于大于0度至小于90度的范围内。举例来说,本实施例包括大约30度的圆锥角θ。
衬套部分305a具有截头圆锥形状以便协同地匹配部分304a的形式。衬套305布置在枢轴臂301和轴304之间。枢轴臂301在衬套305上枢转。盖309固定到枢轴臂301并且作为密封件,以便防止碎屑进入衬套305和枢轴臂301之间。
在操作中,扭转弹簧303处于轴向压缩,这产生轴向弹簧力Fspr。轴向弹簧力将衬套305的表面305c压入枢轴臂301的表面301b中。在表面301b和表面305c之间产生的摩擦力减弱枢轴臂301的枢转运动。取决于轴向弹簧力和截头圆锥形部分的形状,阻尼扭矩可以具有宽的范围,例如+/﹣1Nm至+20Nm。优选的范围是约1Nm至约8Nm。举例来说,在部分305a的最大直径为36mm、最小直径为16mm、摩擦系数为0.16的情况下,850N轴向弹簧力和30度圆锥角得到大约+/﹣3.7Nm的阻尼扭矩。本文提供的数字是示例性的,并不旨在限制本发明的范围。
截头圆锥形部分305a的角Δ的顶点沿着与轴向弹簧力矢量Fspr相反的方向突出。该定向使枢轴臂的截头圆锥形部分301b与轴的锥形部分304a牢固地接合。这进而又作为反作用力Fcr的基础,所述反作用力在表面305c上的法向力引起衬套305和表面301b之间的摩擦阻尼力。例如,在该实施例中,顶角Δ为60°。顶角Δ=2×θ。
与纯圆柱形的衬套相比,截头圆锥形式由于衬套部分305a的表面积增大,因此增强了阻尼耐久性。由于楔效应:Fn=Fspr(sinθ),截头圆锥形式还优化了轴向力的使用。Fn是表面305c上的法向力。Fspr是弹簧力。截头圆锥形式还提供了枢轴臂301在轴304上的改进的对准,这进而又导致带轮302与驱动带的改进的对准。
图5是图1的细节图。螺栓306将轴承310紧固到摆动臂301。防尘罩307保护轴承310免受碎屑的影响。每个凸片305b与槽304b相接合以防止衬套305的移动。
图6是安装到从动部件的装置的透视图。张紧器1000安装到从动部件DC。从动部件DC包括带轮P。从动部件DC可以包括交流发电机、起动发电机或其他的车辆发动机部件。紧固件F将张紧器1000固定到从动部件。皮带(未示出)与带轮201、带轮302和带轮P接合。皮带通过带轮P来驱动部件DC。
尽管这里已经描述了本发明的形式,但是对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是,在不脱离本文描述的本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以对部件的结构和关系以及方法进行改变。

Claims (12)

1.一种张紧器,其包括:
基部,所述基部具有基部孔口,所述基部孔口设置成接收从动部件;
旋转臂,所述旋转臂与所述基部枢转地接合,所述旋转臂的旋转轴线与基部孔口的中心对准,第一带轮被轴颈支撑到所述旋转臂;
摆动臂,所述摆动臂围绕轴与所述旋转臂枢转地接合,所述轴和所述摆动臂各自具有配合的截头圆锥形部分,扭转弹簧偏压所述摆动臂,第二带轮被轴颈支撑到所述摆动臂;
衬套,所述衬套具有与所述摆动臂的截头圆锥形部分摩擦接合的截头圆锥形部分,所述衬套与所述轴或所述摆动臂成固定关系;和
第一阻尼环,所述第一阻尼环摩擦地接合在所述旋转臂和所述基部之间,碟形弹簧被按压,由此法向力被施加到所述第一阻尼环。
2.根据权利要求1所述的张紧器,其中,所述轴的截头圆锥形部分包括顶角Δ,所述顶角在与扭转弹簧的指向所述摆动臂的轴向弹簧力矢量Fspr相反的方向上突出。
3.根据权利要求1所述的张紧器,其还包括第二阻尼环,所述第二阻尼环摩擦地接合在所述旋转臂和所述基部之间,所述第二阻尼环相对于基部的摩擦表面布置成与所述第一阻尼环相对。
4.根据权利要求1所述的张紧器,其中,所述旋转臂包括与所述基部孔口对准的旋转臂孔口。
5.根据权利要求1所述的张紧器,其中,所述衬套与所述轴保持固定关系。
6.根据权利要求1所述的张紧器,其中,所述衬套与所述摆动臂保持固定关系。
7.根据权利要求1所述的张紧器,其中,所述第一阻尼环与所述旋转臂保持固定关系。
8.根据权利要求3所述的张紧器,其中,所述第二阻尼环与所述旋转臂保持固定关系。
9.根据权利要求1所述的张紧器,其中,所述第一阻尼环与所述基部保持固定关系。
10.根据权利要求3所述的张紧器,其中,所述第二阻尼环与所述基部保持固定关系。
11.一种张紧器,其包括:
基部,所述基部具有基部孔口,所述基部孔口布置成包围从动部件;
旋转臂,所述旋转臂与所述基部枢转地接合,所述旋转臂的旋转轴线与基部孔口的中心对准,第一带轮被轴颈支撑到所述旋转臂,所述旋转臂包括与所述基部孔口对准的旋转臂孔口;
摆动臂,所述摆动臂围绕轴与所述旋转臂枢转地接合,所述轴和所述摆动臂各自具有配合的截头圆锥形部分,扭转弹簧偏压所述摆动臂,第二带轮被轴颈支撑到所述摆动臂,所述轴的截头圆锥形部分包括顶角Δ,所述顶角在与扭转弹簧的指向所述摆动臂的轴向弹簧力矢量Fspr相反的方向上突出;
衬套,所述衬套具有与所述摆动臂的截头圆锥形部分摩擦接合的截头圆锥形部分,所述衬套与所述轴成固定关系;和
第一阻尼环,所述第一阻尼环摩擦地接合在所述旋转臂和所述基部之间,碟形弹簧被按压,由此法向力被施加到所述第一阻尼环。
12.一种张紧器,其包括:
基部,所述基部具有基部孔口;
旋转臂,所述旋转臂与所述基部枢转地接合,所述旋转臂的旋转轴线与基部孔口的中心对准,第一带轮被轴颈支撑到所述旋转臂,所述旋转臂包括与所述基部孔口对准的旋转臂孔口;
摆动臂,所述摆动臂围绕轴与所述旋转臂枢转地接合,所述轴和所述摆动臂各自具有配合的截头圆锥形部分,扭转弹簧偏压所述摆动臂,第二带轮被轴颈支撑到所述摆动臂,所述轴的截头圆锥形部分包括顶角Δ,所述顶角在与扭转弹簧的指向所述摆动臂的轴向弹簧力矢量Fspr相反的方向上突出;
衬套,所述衬套具有与所述摆动臂的截头圆锥形部分摩擦接合的截头圆锥形部分,所述衬套与所述轴成固定关系;和
第一阻尼环,所述第一阻尼环摩擦地接合在所述旋转臂和所述基部之间,碟形弹簧被按压,由此法向力被施加到所述第一阻尼环。
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