CN109293745A - 一种运载蛋白、重组表达载体、外泌体及制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种运载蛋白、重组表达载体、外泌体及制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种运载蛋白、重组表达载体、外泌体及制备方法与应用。所述的运载蛋白可以通过与外源目的蛋白融合,高效地携带外源目的蛋白进入外泌体中。本发明还提供了一种重组表达载体,可将待表达的外源蛋白肽段基因序列插入至所述的重组表达载体的多克隆位点上,实现高效、定向地使外源蛋白在细胞的外泌体中表达。同时,本发明还提供了一种携带外源蛋白的外泌体的制备方法,可有效地将外源目的基因带入外泌体中,操作简单易行,工艺稳定,适用性好。通过所述的制备方法制得的外泌体含有外源目的蛋白,并具有很好的细胞通透性,转染细胞的效率高,同时可发挥外源目的蛋白的活性与功效,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,特别涉及一种运载蛋白、重组表达载体、外泌体及制备方法与应用。
背景技术
1981年,Trams等在透射电镜下发现了一组比多泡体还要小的、直径在40~1000nm的囊泡样物质。1987年,Johnstone等命名这种膜泡为外泌体(exosomes),这种囊泡是由细胞质膜凹陷形成的,因而其外膜与细胞膜为同样的物质,配体-受体相互作用、胞饮/吞噬或膜融合来进入受体细胞。天然形成的外泌体本身可以携带诸如RNA,蛋白质等大量成分。这些特点使得人们产生了将这种细胞天然产生的外泌体作为药物包载系统的想法。
外泌体作为药物载体进行药物运输有独特的优势,主要体现在:(1)当使用自源外泌体时,外泌体引起的有害免疫反应极低;(2)外泌体在人血液中的稳定性好;(3)向细胞转运“货物”的效率高;(4)外泌体运载药物时具有一定的靶向性;(5)外泌体直径在40~100nm之间,因此可以很好地利用增强渗透滞留(EPR)效应,有选择性地渗入到肿瘤或者炎症组织部位。
目前已经尝试用外泌体携带siRNA,化学小分子药物等进行基因治疗和肿瘤治疗等研究。然而对于大分子蛋白质药物,用现在常用的电穿孔,转染,孵育等包载药物的手段则非常困难。同时,目前对于外泌体携带细胞内蛋白的机制仍不清楚,外泌体携带胞内物质都是随机的,如何让目的蛋白进入外泌体成为亟待解决的技术难题。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的在于克服现有技术的缺点与不足,提供一种运载蛋白,该运载蛋白可以高效地携带外源目的蛋白进入外泌体。
本发明的第二目的在于提供编码所述的运载蛋白的基因。
本发明的第三目的在于提供一种分泌表达外源蛋白的重组表达载体,该重组表达载体可以使外源蛋白在细胞中表达并将其携带进入外泌体。
本发明的第四目的在于提供一种携带外源蛋白的外泌体的制备方法。
本发明的第五目的在于提供所述的外泌体及其应用。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现:
一种运载蛋白,所述的运载蛋白可以高效地携带外源目的蛋白进入外泌体,其氨基酸序列如下所示(SEQ ID NO.1):
MPRPRLLAALCGALLCAPSLLVALDICSKNPCHNGGLCEEISQEVRGDVFPSYTCTCLKGYAGNHCETKCVEPLGLENGNIANSQIAASSVRVTFLGLQHWVPELARLNRAGMVNAWTPSSNDDNPWIQVNLLRRMWVTGVVTQGASRLASHEYLKAFKVAYSLNGHEFDFIHDVNKKHKEFVGNWNKNAVHVNLFETPVEAQYVRLYPTSCHTACTLRFELLGCELNARKADLRRGADDREQ
所述的运载蛋白包含与SEQ ID NO.1所示的氨基酸序列具有至少90%,优选至少95%,更优选地至少99%序列相同性的氨基酸序列,且可携带外源目标蛋白进入外泌体中。
如SEQ ID NO.1所示的氨基酸序列经过取代、缺失或者添加一个或者几个氨基酸的氨基酸序列。
所述的取代优选为与SEQ ID NO.1所示的任一氨基酸序列相比包含一个或多个氨基酸取代,优选保守氨基酸取代。例如,包含1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10个保守氨基酸取代。
一种编码所述的运载蛋白的基因,其核苷酸序列如下所示(SEQ ID NO.2):
atgccgcgcccccgcctgctggccgcgctgtgcggcgcgctgctctgcgcccccagcctcctcgtcgccctggatatctgttccaaaaacccctgccacaacggtggtttatgcgaggagatttcccaagaagtgcgaggagatgtcttcccctcgtacacctgcacgtgccttaagggctacgcgggcaaccactgtgagacgaaatgtgtcgagccactgggcctggagaatgggaacattgccaactcacagatcgccgcctcgtctgtgcgtgtgaccttcttgggtttgcagcattgggtcccggagctggcccgcctgaaccgcgcaggcatggtcaatgcctggacacccagcagcaatgacgataacccctggatccaggtgaacctgctgcggaggatgtgggtaacaggtgtggtgacgcagggtgccagccgcttggccagtcatgagtacctgaaggccttcaaggtggcctacagccttaatggacacgaattcgatttcatccatgatgttaataaaaaacacaaggagtttgtgggtaactggaacaaaaacgcggtgcatgtcaacctgtttgagacccctgtggaggctcagtacgtgagattgtaccccacgagctgccacacggcctgcactctgcgctttgagctactgggctgtgagctgaacgcaaggaaggcagacttgaggcgaggagcagatgacagagagcagtaa
所述的运载蛋白在基因、蛋白或药物递送系统的应用,所述的运载蛋白与待表达的外源目的蛋白进行融合表达后,所述的运载蛋白可高效地携带所述的外源目的蛋白进入外泌体中。
一种分泌表达外源蛋白的重组表达载体,所述的重组表达载体含有所述的运载蛋白,并在所述的运载蛋白的基因序列后面添加多克隆位点序列,可以使其他所携带的目的蛋白在多克隆位点插入,在动物细胞中融合表达,并被带入外泌体。
所述的分泌表达外源蛋白的重组表达载体的构建方法:通过PCR扩增技术、限制性内切酶切割和T4DNA连接酶连接,在所述的质粒载体的多克隆位点上插入外源目的蛋白肽段基因序列。
一种携带外源蛋白的外泌体的制备方法,包括如下制备步骤:
(1)构建含有所述的运载蛋白的基因片段和外源目的蛋白肽段基因片段的重组表达载体,得到含有融合蛋白的重组表达载体;
(2)将所述的重组表达载体转染细胞;
(3)培养阳性细胞,使阳性细胞分泌表达载有所述外源蛋白的外泌体;
(4)从细胞培养上清分离得到所述的外泌体。
步骤(1)的步骤具体为:将所述的运载蛋白的基因片段和外源目的蛋白肽段基因片段通过接头(linker)连接后,利用限制性内切酶切割,用T4DNA连接酶与表达载体进行连接,构建得到重组表达载体。
其中,连接的顺序为运载蛋白的基因片段-接头-目的蛋白肽段基因片段。通过接头进行连接,使得运载蛋白不会在空间妨碍外源蛋白与靶标的作用。
所述的外泌体的制备方法可适用于多种外源目的蛋白。所述的外源目的蛋白可以根据需要进行选择,例如EGFP蛋白、bFGF蛋白等。
所述的接头(linker)的氨基酸序列优选为DSAGSAGSAG;其核苷酸序列进一步优选为gatagtgctggtagtgctggtagtgctggt。
步骤(3)中所述的表达可以是稳定表达或瞬时表达。
所述的表达载体优选为适合表达外源蛋白的载体,优选为pcDNA3.4。
所述的分离优选为通过超速离心方法或外泌体提取试剂盒从所述的细胞培养上清中分离得到所述的外泌体。
所述的超速离心方法的具体步骤优选为:
(1)300g离心细胞培养上清10min,2000g离心细胞培养上清10~20min,弃沉淀留取第一上清液,以去除细胞;
(2)第一上清液10000g离心30min,弃沉淀留取第二上清液,以去除亚细胞成分;
(3)第二上清液100000g离心70~90min,弃掉上清液,留取第一沉淀物,所述的沉淀为外泌体和一些可溶性蛋白;
(4)用PBS溶液重新悬浮步骤(3)得到的第一沉淀物,混匀后再以100000g离心70~90min,以洗去可溶性蛋白,洗涤沉淀后得到所述的外泌体;
步骤(1)~(4)均在4℃下进行。
一种外泌体,通过所述的制备方法制备得到。
所述的外泌体的粒径为40~200nm。通过所述的制备方法得到的外泌体的粒径大部分为50nm。
所述的外泌体在基因、蛋白或药物的递送系统的应用,所述的外泌体作为载体;例如,作为蛋白质药物的载体、携带荧光蛋白进行荧光示踪、携带细胞因子等物质用于护肤品中等等。
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的优点及效果:
1.本发明提供了一种运输蛋白,该蛋白可以通过与外源目的蛋白融合,可以携带外源目的蛋白高效地进入宿主所分泌的外泌体中。
2.本发明还提供了一种重组表达载体,可将待表达的外源蛋白肽段基因序列插入至所述的重组表达载体的多克隆位点上,实现高效、定向地使外源蛋白在细胞的外泌体中表达。
3.本发明还提供了一种携带融合蛋白的外泌体的制备方法,可有效地将外源目的基因带入外泌体中,操作简单易行,工艺稳定,适用性好。
4.本发明还提供了所述的外泌体,该外泌体含有外源目的蛋白,并具有很好的细胞通透性,转染细胞的效率高,同时可发挥外源目的蛋白的活性与功效,应用范围广泛,例如,可用于携带荧光蛋白进行细胞定位或示踪实验,也可以用于携带药物蛋白进行疾病的治疗,或者携带功效蛋白用于护肤品等等。
附图说明
图1是运载蛋白TP01的PCR产物电泳图,泳道1为Marker,泳道2和3为TP01的PCR产物。
图2是融合蛋白TP01-EGFP的PCR产物电泳图,其中,泳道1和2为重组蛋白TP01-EGFP。
图3是转染了TP01-EGFP重组质粒的细胞的荧光显微镜照片图;其中,A为可见光条件下的观察结果,B为荧光条件下的观察结果。
图4是外泌体的透射电镜(TEM)照片图。
图5是外泌体的NTA检测结果分析图。
图6是含有TP01-EGFP外泌体裂解后的Western blotting结果图,其中,泳道1为空白外泌体;泳道2、3为外泌体。
图7是含有TP01-EGFP的外泌体转染293T细胞的激光共聚焦显微镜照片图。
图8是流式细胞仪检测外泌体瞬转效率的结果分析图。
图9是融合蛋白TP01-bFGF的PCR产物电泳图,其中,泳道1~8为重组蛋白TP01-bFGF。
图10是含有TP01-bFGF外泌体裂解后的Western blotting结果图;其中,泳道1~2是转染了空白载体的细胞分泌的外泌体的空白对照,3~4是转染了含有重组TP01-bFGF质粒细胞分泌的外泌体。
图11是外泌体中bFGF的促细胞生长活性检测结果图;其中,B为bFGF纯品;C为含有bFGF的外泌体。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1含有运载蛋白TP01的重组载体的构建
委托苏州泓迅生物科技有限公司合成运载蛋白TP01基因(SEQ ID NO.2),并在该序列3’末端添加的多克隆酶切位点Ascl-KpnI-Xho(GGCGCGCC-GGTACC-CTCGAG),用以插入所携带的目的蛋白。
根据TP01基因序列设计引物F-TP01(Nde I)和R-TP01(Hind III),使扩增出来的序列前端带有pcDNA3.4载体的Nde I酶切位点,末端带有Hind III酶切位点,模板为合成的TP01基因序列。
(1)相关序列信息
①运载蛋白TP01的基因序列如下所示(斜体加粗部分为信号肽):
②引物序列信息
F-TP01:
ATAAAAGCTAGCATGCCGCGCCCCCGCCTGCTGGCC
R-TP01:
ATAAAAAAGCTTTTACTCGAGGGTACCGGCGCGCCCTGCTCTCTGTCATCTGCTCCTCGCCTCAA
(2)PCR扩增目的基因
表1目的基因PCR扩增体系
表2目的基因PCR扩增反应程序
(3)PCR产物经QIAquick PCR Purification试剂盒(购自QIAGEN公司)回收纯化,使用限制性的内切酶Nhe I和Hind III(购自Thermo Scientific公司)酶切,用T4DNA连接酶(购自Fermentas公司)和表达载体pcDNA3.4(购自Invitrogen公司)进行连接。将连接产物转化宿主菌DH5a(购自上海生工生物工程股份有限公司)中,涂布在含有LB固体培养基(含有100mg/L氨苄青霉素)的板上,37℃过夜。挑选单个菌落接种在5mL LB培养液(含有100mg/L氨苄青霉素)中,37℃摇床培养过夜。后接种1mL过夜菌种至400mL LB培养基(含有100mg/L氨苄青霉素)中,挑取阳性克隆进行PCR鉴定。
PCR产物(扩增的基因)经过1.5%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,发现在750bp的下方有一条明显的扩增条带,这与我们预期的大小732bp相符合(图1)。
实施例2 TP01-EGFP融合蛋白外泌体的制备
1.TP01-EGFP重组质粒的构建
委托苏州泓迅生物科技有限公司合成EGFP基因,并在其N端加上一个接头序列(Linker sequence)。Linker-EGFP基因的两端加入酶切位点,可与实施例1中的重组载体的运载蛋白相连接。利用该运载蛋白和绿色荧光蛋白EGFP在动物细胞中融合表达。
(1)相关序列信息
①Linker序列信息
核苷酸序列:
gat agt gct ggt agt gct ggt agt gct ggt
氨基酸序列:
DSAGSAGSAG
②EGFP序列信息
核苷酸序列:
ATGGTGAGCAAGGGCGAGGAGCTGTTCACCGGGGTGGTGCCCATCCTGGTCGAGCTGGACGGCGACGTAAACGGCCACAAGTTCAGCGTGTCCGGCGAGGGCGAGGGCGATGCCACCTACGGCAAGCTGACCCTGAAGTTCATCTGCACCACCGGCAAGCTGCCCGTGCCCTGGCCCACCCTCGTGACCACCCTGACCTACGGCGTGCAGTGCTTCAGCCGCTACCCCGACCACATGAAGCAGCACGACTTCTTCAAGTCCGCCATGCCCGAAGGCTACGTCCAGGAGCGCACCATCTTCTTCAAGGACGACGGCAACTACAAGACCCGCGCCGAGGTGAAGTTCGAGGGCGACACCCTGGTGAACCGCATCGAGCTGAAGGGCATCGACTTCAAGGAGGACGGCAACATCCTGGGGCACAAGCTGGAGTACAACTACAACAGCCACAACGTCTATATCATGGCCGACAAGCAGAAGAACGGCATCAAGGTGAACTTCAAGATCCGCCACAACATCGAGGACGGCAGCGTGCAGCTCGCCGACCACTACCAGCAGAACACCCCCATCGGCGACGGCCCCGTGCTGCTGCCCGACAACCACTACCTGAGCACCCAGTCCGCCCTGAGCAAAGACCCCAACGAGAAGCGCGATCACATGGTCCTGCTGGAGTTCGTGACCGCCGCCGGGATCACTCTCGGCATGGACGAGCTGTACAAGTAA
氨基酸序列:
MVSKGEELFTGVVPILVELDGDVNGHKFSVSGEGEGDATYGKLTLKFICTTGKLPVPWPTLVTTLTYGVQCFSRYPDHMKQHDFFKSAMPEGYVQERTIFFKDDGNYKTRAEVKFEGDTLVNRIELKGIDFKEDGNILGHKLEYNYNSHNVYIMADKQKNGIKVNFKIRHNIEDGSVQLADHYQQNTPIGDGPVLLPDNHYLSTQSALSKDPNEKRDHMVLLEFVTAAGITLGMDELYK
③引物序列信息
F-Linker-EGFP:
ATAAAAGGTACCGATAGTGCTGGTAGTGCTGGTAGTGCTGGTATGGTGAGCAAGGGCGAGGAGCTGTTCACCGGG
R-Linker-EGFP:
ATAAAA CTCGAGTTACTTGTACAGCTCGTCCATGCCGAGA
(2)PCR扩增目的基因
表3目的基因PCR扩增体系
表4目的基因PCR扩增反应程序
(3)PCR产物经QIAquick PCR Purification试剂盒(购自QIAGEN公司)回收纯化,使用限制性的内切酶Kpn I和Xho I(购自Thermo Scientific公司)酶切,用T4DNA连接酶(购自Fermentas公司)和表达载体pcDNA3.4(购自Invitrogen公司)进行连接(在运载蛋白下面的酶切位点)。将连接产物转化宿主菌DH5a(购自上海生工生物工程股份有限公司)中,涂布在含有LB固体培养基(含有100mg/L氨苄青霉素)的板上,37℃过夜。挑选单个菌落接种在5mL LB培养液(含有100mg/L氨苄青霉素)中,37℃摇床培养过夜。后接种1mL过夜菌种至400mL LB培养基(含有100mg/L氨苄青霉素)中,挑取阳性克隆进行PCR鉴定。
结果如图2所示,经PCR鉴定显示,在1400bp处有一条带,和我们预期的理论值相符合,说明重组质粒构建成功。
2.重组质粒瞬时转染动物细胞
HEK 293F细胞(invitrogen公司)培养至对数生长期,取一灭菌的1.5mL EP管,按照需要的质粒DNA浓度及转染试剂PEI(Polysciences公司),将两者分别加入EP管中充分混合(DNA:PEI的浓度比为1:2~1:4),静置5~10min;将DNA/PEI混合液加入细胞悬液中,使细胞和DNA/PEI复合物充分均匀;37℃,6%CO2,180rpm振荡悬浮培养,每天检测活细胞密度和细胞活率,第三天开始隔天收样检测,当细胞活率低于30%终收样。取细胞低于载玻片上,于荧光显微镜下观察。
结果如图3所示,观察发现,在荧光条件下大部分细胞均显示绿色荧光(图3B),说明带有EGFP的质粒成功转染进入细胞,并表达了绿色荧光蛋白。图3A为明视野下(即可见光条件下)的观察结果图。
3.外泌体的提取和检测
(1)外泌体抽提:以上瞬时表达蛋白质的培养上清中包含有外泌体,因此首先进行外泌体的抽提。
将欲提取的细胞培养上清液,在4℃的环境下,300g 10min,2000g 20min离心,去除细胞;再用10000g 30min离心,去除亚细胞成分;接着用100000g 70min离心,弃掉上清液,最后所得沉淀即为外泌体和一些可溶性蛋白;用PBS溶液重新悬浮沉淀物,混匀后再以100000g 70min离心洗去可溶性蛋白,反复洗涤三次,所得沉淀即为外泌体;最后用PBS溶液悬浮沉淀物提纯的外泌体溶液置于-80℃冰箱内保存备用。
(2)外泌体粒径分析:NTA测定外泌体的粒径与浓度。使用NanoSight NS300仪器(公司),开机预热机器,首先用超纯水清洗进样管及样品池。等待温度升至设定温度后,取10μL超速离心获得的外泌体,加入到990μL已过膜的PBS中,将样品稀释100倍。将上述1mL外泌体稀释样品用移液枪混匀,使用干净的注射器将待测样品缓慢注入样品池中,主机旋钮调节焦距至可见清晰的“白色亮点”,调节增益进行记录,每次记录30s,单次30s记录完成后注射器缓慢推入少量样品,使得换不同的视野进行测量。每个样品重复检测3次,3次30s视频画面记录完成后,调节亮度至最大值,分辨阈值至画面至蓝色点(假阳性)少于5个/画面,软件分析每个画面中每个外泌体的运动轨迹,根据布朗运动原理自动换算成外泌体的直径大小和浓度,根据稀释比率即可得到原始浓度。
(3)透射电镜观察外泌体的形态:将铜网置于一张干净的滤纸片上,取10μL样品(如若样品浓度高,可稀释至合适的倍数以便观察)滴加在铜网上待样品自然风干,然后取5%的磷钨酸染色90s,再用滤纸将液体吸干。整个操作过程在常温下进行,待样品充分晾干后,即可在电镜下观察外泌体的大小、形貌,并拍摄具有代表性的电镜照片。
结果如图4、图5所示,NTA检测结果显示其粒径主要分布在0~200nm以内,并且在50nm左右有显著的峰高,这与透射电镜(TEM)显示的外泌体大小在50nm左右(Scale bar=100nm)相符。
4.外泌体中携带重组蛋白的检测
(1)将提取的外泌体用RIPA裂解液(Beyotime;P0013B)在冰上裂解半个小时,裂解过程中加入终浓度为1mM的PMSF(Beyotime;ST506),防止蛋白降解。半个小时后,将裂解液离心,取上清用BCA试剂盒(Thermo;23227)检测总蛋白浓度。用PBS调整上样总蛋白浓度,使得相同上样体积下,总蛋白浓度等量。然后加入5x非还原loading buffer,在70℃条件下加热样品15min,冷却后离心,制成样品。
配置蛋白胶;分离胶和浓缩胶配方如下:
表5分离胶与浓缩胶配方
取样品100℃5min加热变性,加样80V稳压开始进行电泳;电泳后取下胶进行转膜。
(2)Western blotting:
甲醇活化PVDF膜(购自Merck Millipore),活化后将其放在转膜液中。按照海绵、滤纸、膜、胶、滤纸、海绵的顺序夹好,将其放在转膜槽中,并在其中放置预冷的冰袋。装配好后将转膜槽放在冰水混合液中,在250mA恒流条件下,转膜60min。将转好的膜,先用TBST(购自Sigma)洗一次,去除膜上残留的转膜液。配制5%脱脂牛奶,加入10mL的TBST,震荡混匀后加入到PVDF膜上,在摇床上室温低速封闭30~60min;用TBST洗膜三次,将一抗抗体Anti-EGFP(购自R&D),Anti-CD63、Anti-CD81、Anti-CD9(购自Abcam),Anti-GAPDH(购自CST)用TBST稀释适当倍数后加入膜上。在室温条件下,低速摇5h以上或者在4℃低速摇过夜;然后将PVDF膜用TBST洗3次,加入相对应的二抗Anti-mouse IgG-HRP(购自CST),在室温条件下低速摇60min,继续用TBST洗膜3次,最后进行显影(ECL发光液,购自Advansta,货号K-12045-D50),用BIO-RAD的凝胶成像系统拍照。结果用Image J软件进行分析处理。
结果如图6所示,实验结果发现在外泌体中可以检测到TP01蛋白和EGFP蛋白,同时CD63、CD9和CD81作为外泌体Marker蛋白同样存在,说明TP01-EGFP融合蛋白存在于外泌体中。
实施例3含有TP01-EGFP的外泌体转染293T细胞
将实施例1步骤“3.外泌体的提取和检测”提取得到的外泌体(含有TP01-EGFP)转染空白的293T细胞(购自生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司),用激光共聚焦显微镜和流式细胞仪进行观察和检测。
(1)激光共聚焦显微镜观察:空白的293T细胞加入6孔板中,培养48h后加入1%(v/v)的外泌体,培养48h后,倒去培养液,将细胞用PBS洗三次,加入4%的多聚甲醛(北京鼎国昌盛生物技术有限责任公司,AR-0211)在室温下固定15min,用PBS洗三次。加入通透液0.25%TritonX-100(sigma;T9284-100ml)孵育15min,用PBS洗三次。用DAPI(Beyotime;C1005)进行染色5min,用PBS洗三次后立即用激光共聚焦显微镜进行观察。
(2)流式细胞仪检测:空白的293T细胞加入6孔板中,培养48h后加入1%(v/v)的外泌体,培养48h后,倒去培养液,将细胞用PBS洗三次,利用胰酶将细胞消化下来,取200μL细胞液。用未转染质粒的细胞设置为对照组,用来调整FSC电压、SSC电压及其相应流速。建立模板使细胞群处于合适的位置;选取活细胞群设定门;检测对照组细胞的绿色通道荧光值,并根据其大小设置Marker;检测实验组细胞的荧光值以及分析其结果。
如图7所示,经过激光共聚焦显微镜检测可以发现细胞内具有绿色荧光蛋白,可以确定外泌体可以携带EGFP蛋白进入293T细胞中。
而细胞流式仪检测外泌体瞬转效率,结果如图8所示,外泌体(TP01-EGFP)的瞬转效率为84.17%,效率很高。这表明该携带有外源蛋白的外泌体可以将外源蛋白转染入空白细胞中,并且转染效率很高。
实施例4 TP01-bFGF融合蛋白外泌体的制备
1.TP01-bFGF重组质粒的构建
委托苏州泓迅生物科技有限公司合成bFGF基因,并在其N端加上一个Linkersequence(同实施例2)。Linker-bFGF基因的两端加入酶切位点,可与实施例1中的重组载体的运载蛋白相连接。利用该运载蛋白和bFGF蛋白在动物细胞中融合表达。
(1)相关序列信息
①bFGF序列信息
核苷酸序列
atggcagccgggagcatcaccacgctgcccgccttgcccgaggatggcggcagcggcgccttcccgcccggccacttcaaggaccccaagcggctgtactgcaaaaacgggggcttcttcctgcgcatccaccccgacggccgagttgacggggtccgggagaagagcgaccctcacatcaagctacaacttcaagcagaagagagaggagttgtgtctatcaaaggagtgtgtgctaaccgttacctggctatgaaggaagatggaagattactggcttctaaatgtgttacggatgagtgtttcttttttgaacgattggaatctaataactacaatacttaccggtcaaggaaatacaccagttggtatgtggcactgaaacgaactgggcagtataaacttggatccaaaacaggacctgggcagaaagctatactttttcttccaatgtctgctaagagccaccaccaccaccaccac
氨基酸序列
MAAGSITTLPALPEDGGSGAFPPGHFKDPKRLYCKNGGFFLRIHPDGRVDGVREKSDPHIKLQLQAEERGVVSIKGVCANRYLAMKEDGRLLASKCVTDECFFFERLESNNYNTYRSRKYTSWYVALKRTGQYKLGSKTGPGQKAILFLPMSAKSHHHHHH
②引物序列信息
F-Linker-bFGF:
ATAAAAGGTACCGATAGTGCTGGTAGTGCTGGTAGTGCTATGGCAGCCGGGAGCATCACCACGCTGCCC
R-Linker-bFGF:
ATAAAA CTCGAGGTGGTGGTGGTGGTGGTGGCTCTT
基因扩增、重组质粒构建等方法同实施例2。图9的结果显示,重组质粒构建成功。
2.TP01-bFGF重组质粒转染细胞
重组质粒转染HEK 293F细胞(invitrogen公司)进行蛋白表达,并提取外泌体,具体方法同实施例2。如图10所示,转染了重组质粒的HEK 293F细胞分泌的外泌体中含有bFGF,说明细胞因子bFGF同样可以由运载蛋白带入外泌体中。
3.外泌体所含有的bFGF活性的检测
采用3T3细胞促生长实验检测bFGF活性。完全培养基(含10%小牛血清(碧云天)的DMEM(Gibco)培养基)培养BALB/C-3T3细胞(购自中国食品药品检定研究院)至对数生长期,3mL PBS洗一遍,3mL 0.08%胰酶(Gibco)消化2min后吸出,6mL的完全培养基终止消化,离心,去上清,用5mL基础培养基重悬(含10μg/mL人转铁蛋白(Sigma),200μg/mL牛血清白蛋白(BIOSHARP),0.02%FBS(Gibco)的DMEM/F12(Gibco)培养基,细胞计数后调整浓度6.25×104cells/mL接种于96孔板(80μL/孔)。
培养24h后,加入步骤2中重组质粒的HEK 293F细胞分泌的外泌体和bFGF纯蛋白各20μL,48h后,加入CCK8,每孔10μL,1.5h后,酶标仪检测,630nm为参比波长,450nm处测定。以纯化后的bFGF纯品作为对照品。如图11所示,无论是bFGF纯品还是外泌体均有促进细胞增殖的作用。但外泌体中bFGF含量难以测定,难以准确定量,促细胞增殖活性低于纯品。但此结果仍可充分、清楚的说明,用本发明的TP01蛋白携带进入外泌体的蛋白是具有活性的。因而也可以适用于其他蛋白的应用。
由此可见,本发明的TP01融合表达蛋白质的方法可以将其他外源蛋白带入外泌体中,使外泌体成为一种携带蛋白的很好的载体,这种载体具有很好的细胞透过性,可以使得所携带的蛋白发挥功效;可以用于携带荧光蛋白进行细胞定位或示踪实验,也可以用于携带药物蛋白进行疾病的治疗,或者携带功效蛋白用于护肤品等用途。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
序列表
<110> 暨南大学
<120> 一种运载蛋白、重组表达载体、外泌体及制备方法与应用
<160> 15
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 243
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 1
Met Pro Arg Pro Arg Leu Leu Ala Ala Leu Cys Gly Ala Leu Leu Cys
1 5 10 15
Ala Pro Ser Leu Leu Val Ala Leu Asp Ile Cys Ser Lys Asn Pro Cys
20 25 30
His Asn Gly Gly Leu Cys Glu Glu Ile Ser Gln Glu Val Arg Gly Asp
35 40 45
Val Phe Pro Ser Tyr Thr Cys Thr Cys Leu Lys Gly Tyr Ala Gly Asn
50 55 60
His Cys Glu Thr Lys Cys Val Glu Pro Leu Gly Leu Glu Asn Gly Asn
65 70 75 80
Ile Ala Asn Ser Gln Ile Ala Ala Ser Ser Val Arg Val Thr Phe Leu
85 90 95
Gly Leu Gln His Trp Val Pro Glu Leu Ala Arg Leu Asn Arg Ala Gly
100 105 110
Met Val Asn Ala Trp Thr Pro Ser Ser Asn Asp Asp Asn Pro Trp Ile
115 120 125
Gln Val Asn Leu Leu Arg Arg Met Trp Val Thr Gly Val Val Thr Gln
130 135 140
Gly Ala Ser Arg Leu Ala Ser His Glu Tyr Leu Lys Ala Phe Lys Val
145 150 155 160
Ala Tyr Ser Leu Asn Gly His Glu Phe Asp Phe Ile His Asp Val Asn
165 170 175
Lys Lys His Lys Glu Phe Val Gly Asn Trp Asn Lys Asn Ala Val His
180 185 190
Val Asn Leu Phe Glu Thr Pro Val Glu Ala Gln Tyr Val Arg Leu Tyr
195 200 205
Pro Thr Ser Cys His Thr Ala Cys Thr Leu Arg Phe Glu Leu Leu Gly
210 215 220
Cys Glu Leu Asn Ala Arg Lys Ala Asp Leu Arg Arg Gly Ala Asp Asp
225 230 235 240
Arg Glu Gln
<210> 2
<211> 732
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 2
atgccgcgcc cccgcctgct ggccgcgctg tgcggcgcgc tgctctgcgc ccccagcctc 60
ctcgtcgccc tggatatctg ttccaaaaac ccctgccaca acggtggttt atgcgaggag 120
atttcccaag aagtgcgagg agatgtcttc ccctcgtaca cctgcacgtg ccttaagggc 180
tacgcgggca accactgtga gacgaaatgt gtcgagccac tgggcctgga gaatgggaac 240
attgccaact cacagatcgc cgcctcgtct gtgcgtgtga ccttcttggg tttgcagcat 300
tgggtcccgg agctggcccg cctgaaccgc gcaggcatgg tcaatgcctg gacacccagc 360
agcaatgacg ataacccctg gatccaggtg aacctgctgc ggaggatgtg ggtaacaggt 420
gtggtgacgc agggtgccag ccgcttggcc agtcatgagt acctgaaggc cttcaaggtg 480
gcctacagcc ttaatggaca cgaattcgat ttcatccatg atgttaataa aaaacacaag 540
gagtttgtgg gtaactggaa caaaaacgcg gtgcatgtca acctgtttga gacccctgtg 600
gaggctcagt acgtgagatt gtaccccacg agctgccaca cggcctgcac tctgcgcttt 660
gagctactgg gctgtgagct gaacgcaagg aaggcagact tgaggcgagg agcagatgac 720
agagagcagt aa 732
<210> 3
<211> 10
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 3
Asp Ser Ala Gly Ser Ala Gly Ser Ala Gly
1 5 10
<210> 4
<211> 30
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 4
gatagtgctg gtagtgctgg tagtgctggt 30
<210> 5
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 5
ggcgcgccgg taccctcgag 20
<210> 6
<211> 36
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 6
ataaaagcta gcatgccgcg cccccgcctg ctggcc 36
<210> 7
<211> 65
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 7
ataaaaaagc ttttactcga gggtaccggc gcgccctgct ctctgtcatc tgctcctcgc 60
ctcaa 65
<210> 8
<211> 720
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 8
atggtgagca agggcgagga gctgttcacc ggggtggtgc ccatcctggt cgagctggac 60
ggcgacgtaa acggccacaa gttcagcgtg tccggcgagg gcgagggcga tgccacctac 120
ggcaagctga ccctgaagtt catctgcacc accggcaagc tgcccgtgcc ctggcccacc 180
ctcgtgacca ccctgaccta cggcgtgcag tgcttcagcc gctaccccga ccacatgaag 240
cagcacgact tcttcaagtc cgccatgccc gaaggctacg tccaggagcg caccatcttc 300
ttcaaggacg acggcaacta caagacccgc gccgaggtga agttcgaggg cgacaccctg 360
gtgaaccgca tcgagctgaa gggcatcgac ttcaaggagg acggcaacat cctggggcac 420
aagctggagt acaactacaa cagccacaac gtctatatca tggccgacaa gcagaagaac 480
ggcatcaagg tgaacttcaa gatccgccac aacatcgagg acggcagcgt gcagctcgcc 540
gaccactacc agcagaacac ccccatcggc gacggccccg tgctgctgcc cgacaaccac 600
tacctgagca cccagtccgc cctgagcaaa gaccccaacg agaagcgcga tcacatggtc 660
ctgctggagt tcgtgaccgc cgccgggatc actctcggca tggacgagct gtacaagtaa 720
<210> 9
<211> 239
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 9
Met Val Ser Lys Gly Glu Glu Leu Phe Thr Gly Val Val Pro Ile Leu
1 5 10 15
Val Glu Leu Asp Gly Asp Val Asn Gly His Lys Phe Ser Val Ser Gly
20 25 30
Glu Gly Glu Gly Asp Ala Thr Tyr Gly Lys Leu Thr Leu Lys Phe Ile
35 40 45
Cys Thr Thr Gly Lys Leu Pro Val Pro Trp Pro Thr Leu Val Thr Thr
50 55 60
Leu Thr Tyr Gly Val Gln Cys Phe Ser Arg Tyr Pro Asp His Met Lys
65 70 75 80
Gln His Asp Phe Phe Lys Ser Ala Met Pro Glu Gly Tyr Val Gln Glu
85 90 95
Arg Thr Ile Phe Phe Lys Asp Asp Gly Asn Tyr Lys Thr Arg Ala Glu
100 105 110
Val Lys Phe Glu Gly Asp Thr Leu Val Asn Arg Ile Glu Leu Lys Gly
115 120 125
Ile Asp Phe Lys Glu Asp Gly Asn Ile Leu Gly His Lys Leu Glu Tyr
130 135 140
Asn Tyr Asn Ser His Asn Val Tyr Ile Met Ala Asp Lys Gln Lys Asn
145 150 155 160
Gly Ile Lys Val Asn Phe Lys Ile Arg His Asn Ile Glu Asp Gly Ser
165 170 175
Val Gln Leu Ala Asp His Tyr Gln Gln Asn Thr Pro Ile Gly Asp Gly
180 185 190
Pro Val Leu Leu Pro Asp Asn His Tyr Leu Ser Thr Gln Ser Ala Leu
195 200 205
Ser Lys Asp Pro Asn Glu Lys Arg Asp His Met Val Leu Leu Glu Phe
210 215 220
Val Thr Ala Ala Gly Ile Thr Leu Gly Met Asp Glu Leu Tyr Lys
225 230 235
<210> 10
<211> 75
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 10
ataaaaggta ccgatagtgc tggtagtgct ggtagtgctg gtatggtgag caagggcgag 60
gagctgttca ccggg 75
<210> 11
<211> 40
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 11
ataaaactcg agttacttgt acagctcgtc catgccgaga 40
<210> 12
<211> 483
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 12
atggcagccg ggagcatcac cacgctgccc gccttgcccg aggatggcgg cagcggcgcc 60
ttcccgcccg gccacttcaa ggaccccaag cggctgtact gcaaaaacgg gggcttcttc 120
ctgcgcatcc accccgacgg ccgagttgac ggggtccggg agaagagcga ccctcacatc 180
aagctacaac ttcaagcaga agagagagga gttgtgtcta tcaaaggagt gtgtgctaac 240
cgttacctgg ctatgaagga agatggaaga ttactggctt ctaaatgtgt tacggatgag 300
tgtttctttt ttgaacgatt ggaatctaat aactacaata cttaccggtc aaggaaatac 360
accagttggt atgtggcact gaaacgaact gggcagtata aacttggatc caaaacagga 420
cctgggcaga aagctatact ttttcttcca atgtctgcta agagccacca ccaccaccac 480
cac 483
<210> 13
<211> 161
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 13
Met Ala Ala Gly Ser Ile Thr Thr Leu Pro Ala Leu Pro Glu Asp Gly
1 5 10 15
Gly Ser Gly Ala Phe Pro Pro Gly His Phe Lys Asp Pro Lys Arg Leu
20 25 30
Tyr Cys Lys Asn Gly Gly Phe Phe Leu Arg Ile His Pro Asp Gly Arg
35 40 45
Val Asp Gly Val Arg Glu Lys Ser Asp Pro His Ile Lys Leu Gln Leu
50 55 60
Gln Ala Glu Glu Arg Gly Val Val Ser Ile Lys Gly Val Cys Ala Asn
65 70 75 80
Arg Tyr Leu Ala Met Lys Glu Asp Gly Arg Leu Leu Ala Ser Lys Cys
85 90 95
Val Thr Asp Glu Cys Phe Phe Phe Glu Arg Leu Glu Ser Asn Asn Tyr
100 105 110
Asn Thr Tyr Arg Ser Arg Lys Tyr Thr Ser Trp Tyr Val Ala Leu Lys
115 120 125
Arg Thr Gly Gln Tyr Lys Leu Gly Ser Lys Thr Gly Pro Gly Gln Lys
130 135 140
Ala Ile Leu Phe Leu Pro Met Ser Ala Lys Ser His His His His His
145 150 155 160
His
<210> 14
<211> 69
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 14
ataaaaggta ccgatagtgc tggtagtgct ggtagtgcta tggcagccgg gagcatcacc 60
acgctgccc 69
<210> 15
<211> 36
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 15
ataaaactcg aggtggtggt ggtggtggtg gctctt 36
Claims (10)
1.一种运载蛋白,其特征在于:
其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
2.根据权利要求1所述的运载蛋白,其特征在于:
所述的运载蛋白包含与SEQ ID NO.1所示的氨基酸序列具有至少90%,优选至少95%,更优选地至少99%序列相同性的氨基酸序列,且可携带外源目标蛋白进入外泌体中。
3.一种编码权利要求1或2任一项所述的运载蛋白的基因,其特征在于:
其核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示。
4.权利要求1或2任一项所述的运载蛋白在基因、蛋白或药物递送系统的应用,所述的运载蛋白与待表达的外源目的蛋白进行融合表达后,所述的运载蛋白携带所述的外源目的蛋白进入外泌体中。
5.一种分泌表达外源蛋白的重组表达载体,其特征在于:
所述的重组表达载体含有权利要求1或2任一项所述的运载蛋白,并在所述的运载蛋白的基因序列后面添加多克隆位点序列,使其他所携带的目的蛋白在多克隆位点插入,在动物细胞中融合表达,并被带入外泌体。
6.一种携带外源蛋白的外泌体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下制备步骤:
(1)构建含有权利要求1或2任一项所述的运载蛋白的基因片段和外源目的蛋白肽段基因片段的重组表达载体,得到含有融合蛋白的重组表达载体;
(2)将所述的重组表达载体转染细胞;
(3)培养阳性细胞,使阳性细胞分泌表达载有所述外源蛋白的外泌体;
(4)从细胞培养上清分离得到所述的外泌体。
7.根据权利要求6所述的携带外源蛋白的外泌体的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(1)的步骤为:将所述的运载蛋白的基因片段和外源目的蛋白肽段基因片段通过接头连接后,利用限制性内切酶切割,用T4DNA连接酶与表达载体进行连接,构建得到重组表达载体,连接的顺序为运载蛋白的基因片段-接头-目的蛋白肽段基因片段;
所述的外源目的蛋白为EGFP蛋白、bFGF蛋白;
所述的接头的氨基酸序列为DSAGSAGSAG;
所述的分离为通过超速离心方法或外泌体提取试剂盒从所述的细胞培养上清中分离得到所述的外泌体。
8.根据权利要求7所述的携带外源蛋白的外泌体的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(3)中所述的表达为稳定表达或瞬时表达;
所述的表达载体为pcDNA3.4;
所述的超速离心方法的具体步骤为:
(1)300g离心细胞培养上清10min,2000g离心细胞培养上清10~20min,弃沉淀留取第一上清液,以去除细胞;
(2)第一上清液10000g离心30min,弃沉淀留取第二上清液,以去除亚细胞成分;
(3)第二上清液100000g离心70~90min,弃掉上清液,留取第一沉淀物,所述的沉淀为外泌体和一些可溶性蛋白;
(4)用PBS溶液重新悬浮步骤(3)得到的第一沉淀物,混匀后再以100000g离心70~90min,以洗去可溶性蛋白,洗涤沉淀后得到所述的外泌体;
步骤(1)~(4)均在4℃下进行。
9.一种外泌体,其特征在于:
通过权利要求6~8任一项所述的制备方法制备得到。
10.权利要求9所述的外泌体在基因、蛋白或药物的递送系统的应用。
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CN110934851A (zh) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-03-31 | 饶磊 | 靶向细胞膜的多肽药物外泌体纳米载药系统及其制备方法 |
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