CN109281167A - 一种苎麻织物的超疏水整理方法 - Google Patents

一种苎麻织物的超疏水整理方法 Download PDF

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CN109281167A
CN109281167A CN201811041874.6A CN201811041874A CN109281167A CN 109281167 A CN109281167 A CN 109281167A CN 201811041874 A CN201811041874 A CN 201811041874A CN 109281167 A CN109281167 A CN 109281167A
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ramie fabric
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潘学东
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Anhui Yayuan Printing And Dyeing Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种苎麻织物的超疏水整理方法，包括：将苎麻织物浸轧环糊精处理液后，再将苎麻织物浸轧疏水整理液，得到超疏水苎麻织物；所述环糊精处理液按重量百分含量包括：环糊精2‑5％、柠檬酸5‑10％、次亚磷酸钠1‑5％、余量为水；所述疏水整理液按重量百分含量包括：烷氧基改性长链烷基聚硅氧烷5‑15％、3‑缩水甘油基氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷2‑8％、纳米氧化锌1‑5％、纳米二氧化硅溶胶2‑8％、余量为乙醇。本发明提出的一种苎麻织物的超疏水整理方法，其不仅避免使用含氟整理剂，而且克服了传统疏水整理耐久性不佳的缺陷，整理得到的超疏水苎麻织物疏水效果优异，环保健康、性能突出、耐水洗性强。

Description

一种苎麻织物的超疏水整理方法
技术领域
本发明涉及功能纺织品技术领域，尤其涉及一种苎麻织物的超疏水整理方法。
背景技术
过去，大多使用含有长氟碳链的化合物作为疏水整理剂以得到低表面自由能的面料，虽然含氟体系的化合物整理后效果较好，但是此类整理剂价格昂贵，同时近些年的研究发现含氟化学物难以生物降解，对环境和人体健康造成潜在的危害，因此，如何使环境友好型的整理剂达到长氟碳链的化合物整理效果，是当今开发功能面料的一个重要课题。
目前也有文献报道采用二氧化硅、二氧化钛等无机纳米粒子构建粗糙结构，再通过化学表面改性方法将低表面能化合物接枝于基材表面，赋予其疏水性能。然而，由于引入的纳米涂层或颗粒与面料表面之间的结合力较弱，所制备的疏水织物的耐久性往往较差，经过洗涤或摩擦后，疏水性能容易丧失。
苎麻织物是以苎麻纤维为原料制成的织物，具有吸湿散湿快、光泽好、挺爽透气的特性。然而，由这类织物中苎麻成分是由亲水性的纤维素纤维组成，因此吸湿亲水性能好，非常易粘污，易吸附各种液体，影响其服用性能，因此，研究一种苎麻织物的疏水整理方法，是当今开发多功能织物的一个重要课题。
发明内容
本发明提出了一种苎麻织物的超疏水整理方法，其不仅避免使用含氟整理剂，而且克服了传统疏水整理耐久性不佳的缺陷，整理得到的超疏水苎麻织物疏水效果优异，环保健康、性能突出、耐水洗性强。
本发明提出了一种苎麻织物的超疏水整理方法，包括：将苎麻织物浸轧环糊精处理液后得到表面固载有环糊精的苎麻织物，再将所述表面固载有环糊精的苎麻织物浸轧疏水整理液，得到超疏水苎麻织物；其中，所述环糊精处理液按重量百分含量包括：环糊精2-5％、柠檬酸5-10％、次亚磷酸钠1-5％、余量为水；所述疏水整理液按重量百分含量包括：烷氧基改性长链烷基聚硅氧烷5-15％、3-缩水甘油基氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷2-8％、纳米氧化锌1-5％、纳米二氧化硅溶胶2-8％、余量为乙醇。
优选地，所述环糊精处理液是通过将环糊精、柠檬酸、次亚磷酸钠加入水中配成。
优选地，所述将苎麻织物浸轧环糊精处理液具体包括：将苎麻织物浸轧所述环糊精处理液，二浸二轧，浸轧温度为70-80℃，轧余率为90-150％，浴比为1:20-40，接着在90-100℃下预烘2-4min，再在120-130℃下焙烘1-3min，40-60℃下水洗5-10min，100-120℃下烘干，得到所述表面固载有环糊精的苎麻织物。
优选地，所述疏水整理液是通过将烷氧基改性长链烷基聚硅氧烷、3-缩水甘油基氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化硅溶胶加入乙醇中配成。
优选地，所述将所述表面固载有环糊精的苎麻织物浸轧疏水整理液具体包括：将所述表面固载有环糊精的苎麻织物浸轧所述疏水整理液，一浸一轧，浸轧温度为80-90℃，轧余率为90-150％，浴比为1:20-40，接着在110-120℃下预烘5-8min，再在140-150℃下焙烘3-5min，得到所述超疏水苎麻织物。
优选地，制备所述烷氧基改性长链烷基聚硅氧烷的方法包括：将重量比为10-15:1的α-烯烃、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷混合后升温至70-80℃，加入溶有氯铂酸的异丙醇溶液，氯铂酸的用量为α-烯烃的0.001-0.01wt％，再加入含氢硅油，含氢硅油的用量为α-烯烃的20-30wt％，升温至90-100℃后搅拌反应，得到所述烷氧基改性长链烷基聚硅氧烷。
优选地，所述α-烯烃为C12-C18的α-烯烃，优选为1-十六烯或者1-十八烯。
优选地，将苎麻织物浸轧环糊精处理液之前，还包括将苎麻织物进行预处理，具体的将苎麻织物依次用水、乙醇洗涤。
本发明中，先对苎麻织物进行表面改性，利用柠檬酸在次亚磷酸钠的催化下与苎麻织物中的苎麻纤维进行酯化反应，最终使织物表面产生大量的游离的羧基基团，该游离的羧基基团再与环糊精进行酯化反应，从而使得环糊精能够牢固的吸附在苎麻织物表面；之后再浸轧疏水整理液，其浸轧整理液中包含的烷氧基改性长链烷基聚硅氧烷、3-缩水甘油基氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的烷氧基或者环氧基团都能与织物表面的环糊精产生定向吸附和亲电反应，从而牢固的吸附在织物表面，因此织物表面可以有效包覆聚硅氧烷等疏水性物质，并且由于3-缩水甘油基氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷作为硅烷偶联剂可以对纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化硅溶胶进行定向吸附，因此可以有效增强上述纳米粒子与织物表面结合。
即本发明所述苎麻织物的超疏水整理方法，采用改性织物表面和疏水性物质之间的结合反应，显著提高低表面能化合物以及纳米粒子与织物的结合力，除了以长链聚硅氧烷为超疏水原料形成疏水表面的同时，还借助于微纳米粒子构建粗糙结构的协同效应，最终水滴在织物表面易滚动，经多次皂洗后，面料仍然具有优异的疏水性能。此外本发明整理方法采用传统浸轧工艺，操作简单，耗时短，且产品均匀性及重现性佳，利于推广。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种苎麻织物的超疏水整理方法包括：将苎麻织物浸轧所述环糊精处理液，二浸二轧，浸轧温度为70℃，轧余率为150％，浴比为1:20，接着在100℃下预烘2min，再在130℃下焙烘1min，60℃下水洗5min，120℃下烘干，得到所述表面固载有环糊精的苎麻织物；将所述表面固载有环糊精的苎麻织物浸轧所述疏水整理液，一浸一轧，浸轧温度为80℃，轧余率为150％，浴比为1:20，接着在120℃下预烘5min，再在150℃下焙烘3min，得到所述超疏水苎麻织物；
其中，所述环糊精处理液按重量百分含量包括：环糊精2％、柠檬酸10％、次亚磷酸钠1％、余量为水；所述疏水整理液按重量百分含量包括：烷氧基改性长链烷基聚硅氧烷15％、3-缩水甘油基氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷2％、纳米氧化锌5％、纳米二氧化硅溶胶2％、余量为乙醇；
制备所述烷氧基改性长链烷基聚硅氧烷的方法包括：将重量比为10:1的1-十六烯、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷混合后升温至80℃，加入溶有氯铂酸的异丙醇溶液，氯铂酸的用量为1-十六烯的0.001wt％，再加入含氢硅油，含氢硅油的用量为1-十六烯的30wt％，升温至90℃后搅拌反应，得到所述烷氧基改性长链烷基聚硅氧烷。
实施例2
一种苎麻织物的超疏水整理方法包括：将苎麻织物浸轧所述环糊精处理液，二浸二轧，浸轧温度为80℃，轧余率为90％，浴比为1:40，接着在90℃下预烘4min，再在120℃下焙烘3min，40℃下水洗10min，100℃下烘干，得到所述表面固载有环糊精的苎麻织物；将所述表面固载有环糊精的苎麻织物浸轧所述疏水整理液，一浸一轧，浸轧温度为90℃，轧余率为90％，浴比为1:40，接着在110℃下预烘8min，再在140℃下焙烘5min，得到所述超疏水苎麻织物；
其中，所述环糊精处理液按重量百分含量包括：环糊精5％、柠檬酸5％、次亚磷酸钠5％、余量为水；所述疏水整理液按重量百分含量包括：烷氧基改性长链烷基聚硅氧烷5％、3-缩水甘油基氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷8％、纳米氧化锌1％、纳米二氧化硅溶胶8％、余量为乙醇；
制备所述烷氧基改性长链烷基聚硅氧烷的方法包括：将重量比为15:1的1-十八烯、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷混合后升温至70℃，加入溶有氯铂酸的异丙醇溶液，氯铂酸的用量为1-十八烯的0.01wt％，再加入含氢硅油，含氢硅油的用量为1-十八烯的20wt％，升温至100℃后搅拌反应，得到所述烷氧基改性长链烷基聚硅氧烷。
实施例3
一种苎麻织物的超疏水整理方法包括：将苎麻织物浸轧所述环糊精处理液，二浸二轧，浸轧温度为75℃，轧余率为120％，浴比为1:30，接着在95℃下预烘3min，再在125℃下焙烘2min，50℃下水洗7min，110℃下烘干，得到所述表面固载有环糊精的苎麻织物；将所述表面固载有环糊精的苎麻织物浸轧所述疏水整理液，一浸一轧，浸轧温度为85℃，轧余率为130％，浴比为1:30，接着在115℃下预烘7min，再在145℃下焙烘4min，得到所述超疏水苎麻织物；
其中，所述环糊精处理液按重量百分含量包括：环糊精3％、柠檬酸7％、次亚磷酸钠3％、余量为水；所述疏水整理液按重量百分含量包括：烷氧基改性长链烷基聚硅氧烷10％、3-缩水甘油基氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷5％、纳米氧化锌3％、纳米二氧化硅溶胶5％、余量为乙醇；
制备所述烷氧基改性长链烷基聚硅氧烷的方法包括：将重量比为12:1的1-十六烯、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷混合后升温至75℃，加入溶有氯铂酸的异丙醇溶液，氯铂酸的用量为1-十六烯的0.005wt％，再加入含氢硅油，含氢硅油的用量为1-十六烯的25wt％，升温至95℃后搅拌反应，得到所述烷氧基改性长链烷基聚硅氧烷。
实施例4
一种苎麻织物的超疏水整理方法包括：将苎麻织物浸轧所述环糊精处理液，二浸二轧，浸轧温度为78℃，轧余率为100％，浴比为1:25，接着在96℃下预烘3.5min，再在126℃下焙烘1.5min，55℃下水洗8min，115℃下烘干，得到所述表面固载有环糊精的苎麻织物；将所述表面固载有环糊精的苎麻织物浸轧所述疏水整理液，一浸一轧，浸轧温度为83℃，轧余率为110％，浴比为1:25，接着在115℃下预烘6min，再在148℃下焙烘3.5min，得到所述超疏水苎麻织物；
其中，所述环糊精处理液按重量百分含量包括：环糊精4％、柠檬酸8％、次亚磷酸钠2％、余量为水；所述疏水整理液按重量百分含量包括：烷氧基改性长链烷基聚硅氧烷8％、3-缩水甘油基氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷6％、纳米氧化锌2％、纳米二氧化硅溶胶6％、余量为乙醇；
制备所述烷氧基改性长链烷基聚硅氧烷的方法包括：将重量比为13:1的1-十八烯、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷混合后升温至78℃，加入溶有氯铂酸的异丙醇溶液，氯铂酸的用量为1-十八烯的0.006wt％，再加入含氢硅油，含氢硅油的用量为1-十八烯的28wt％，升温至96℃后搅拌反应，得到所述烷氧基改性长链烷基聚硅氧烷。
将实施例1-4得到的超疏水苎麻织物进行如下疏水性测试测试：
疏水性测试：
(1)淋湿实验：参照GB4745纺织织物表面抗湿性测定沾水试验标准，其中，1级--受淋表面全部润湿；2级--受淋表面有一半润湿，这通常是指小块不连接的润湿面积的总和；3级--受淋表面仅有不连接的小面积润湿；4级--受淋表面没有润湿，但在表面沾有小水珠；5级--受淋表面没有润湿，在表面也未沾有小水珠。
(2)接触角测试：将水滴滴于超疏水苎麻织物表面，通过扫描电镜获得水滴在该超疏水苎麻织物表面的形态，计算出水滴在超疏水苎麻织物表面的接触角；按照AATCC测试方法61-2003将超疏水苎麻织物洗涤50次后，获得水滴在超疏水苎麻织物表面的接触角。
上述实施例1-4得到的疏水CVC面料的性能测试结果如下表所示：
本发明中，先对苎麻织物进行表面改性，利用柠檬酸在次亚磷酸钠的催化下与苎麻织物中的苎麻纤维进行酯化反应，最终使织物表面产生大量的游离的羧基基团，该游离的羧基基团再与环糊精进行酯化反应，从而使得环糊精能够牢固的吸附在苎麻织物表面；之后再浸轧疏水整理液，其浸轧整理液中包含的烷氧基改性长链烷基聚硅氧烷、3-缩水甘油基氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的烷氧基或者环氧基团都能与织物表面的环糊精产生定向吸附和亲电反应，从而牢固的吸附在织物表面，因此织物表面可以有效包覆聚硅氧烷等疏水性物质，并且由于3-缩水甘油基氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷作为硅烷偶联剂可以对纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化硅溶胶进行定向吸附，因此可以有效增强上述纳米粒子与织物表面结合。
即本发明所述苎麻织物的超疏水整理方法，采用改性织物表面和疏水性物质之间的结合反应，显著提高低表面能化合物以及纳米粒子与织物的结合力，除了以长链聚硅氧烷为超疏水原料形成疏水表面的同时，还借助于微纳米粒子构建粗糙结构的协同效应，最终水滴在织物表面易滚动，经多次皂洗后，面料仍然具有优异的疏水性能。此外本发明整理方法采用传统浸轧工艺，操作简单，耗时短，且产品均匀性及重现性佳，利于推广。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种苎麻织物的超疏水整理方法，其特征在于，包括：将苎麻织物浸轧环糊精处理液后得到表面固载有环糊精的苎麻织物，再将所述表面固载有环糊精的苎麻织物浸轧疏水整理液，得到超疏水苎麻织物；其中，所述环糊精处理液按重量百分含量包括：环糊精2-5％、柠檬酸5-10％、次亚磷酸钠1-5％、余量为水；所述疏水整理液按重量百分含量包括：烷氧基改性长链烷基聚硅氧烷5-15％、3-缩水甘油基氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷2-8％、纳米氧化锌1-5％、纳米二氧化硅溶胶2-8％、余量为乙醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述的苎麻织物的超疏水整理方法，其特征在于，所述环糊精处理液是通过将环糊精、柠檬酸、次亚磷酸钠加入水中配成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的苎麻织物的超疏水整理方法，其特征在于，所述将苎麻织物浸轧环糊精处理液具体包括：将苎麻织物浸轧所述环糊精处理液，二浸二轧，浸轧温度为70-80℃，轧余率为90-150％，浴比为1:20-40，接着在90-100℃下预烘2-4min，再在120-130℃下焙烘1-3min，40-60℃下水洗5-10min，100-120℃下烘干，得到所述表面固载有环糊精的苎麻织物。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的苎麻织物的超疏水整理方法，其特征在于，所述疏水整理液是通过将烷氧基改性长链烷基聚硅氧烷、3-缩水甘油基氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化硅溶胶加入乙醇中配成。
5.根据权利要求4所述的苎麻织物的超疏水整理方法，其特征在于，所述将所述表面固载有环糊精的苎麻织物浸轧疏水整理液具体包括：将所述表面固载有环糊精的苎麻织物浸轧所述疏水整理液，一浸一轧，浸轧温度为80-90℃，轧余率为90-150％，浴比为1:20-40，接着在110-120℃下预烘5-8min，再在140-150℃下焙烘3-5min，得到所述超疏水苎麻织物。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的苎麻织物的超疏水整理方法，其特征在于，制备所述烷氧基改性长链烷基聚硅氧烷的方法包括：将重量比为10-15:1的α-烯烃、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷混合后升温至70-80℃，加入溶有氯铂酸的异丙醇溶液，氯铂酸的用量为α-烯烃的0.001-0.01wt％，再加入含氢硅油，含氢硅油的用量为α-烯烃的20-30wt％，升温至90-100℃后搅拌反应，得到所述烷氧基改性长链烷基聚硅氧烷。
7.根据权利要求6所述的苎麻织物的超疏水整理方法，其特征在于，所述α-烯烃为C12-C18的α-烯烃，优选为1-十六烯或者1-十八烯。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的苎麻织物的超疏水整理方法，其特征在于，将苎麻织物浸轧环糊精处理液之前，还包括将苎麻织物进行预处理，具体的将苎麻织物依次用水、乙醇洗涤。
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