CN1092768C - 压力平衡涡轮增压器的旋转密封 - Google Patents

压力平衡涡轮增压器的旋转密封 Download PDF

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CN1092768C
CN1092768C CN97181540A CN97181540A CN1092768C CN 1092768 C CN1092768 C CN 1092768C CN 97181540 A CN97181540 A CN 97181540A CN 97181540 A CN97181540 A CN 97181540A CN 1092768 C CN1092768 C CN 1092768C
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G·A·阿德夫
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Abstract

压力平衡涡轮增压器旋转密封由两个安装在涡轮增压器轴(22)上的活塞环(66，68)构成，其中之一的环(66，68)与中心壳体中轴孔的圆周表面啮合，而第二环(68)与涡轮叶轮(25)护罩中轴孔(30)的圆周表面啮合，通道(74)在两个环中(66，68)间导入压力气体。该通道(74)包括涡轮叶轮护罩内表面中的圆周通道(78)，以及压力密封(82)在中心壳体和通道涡轮叶轮护罩外侧之间啮合。

Description

用于涡轮增压器的密封系统
技术领域
本发明一般与涡轮增压器轴密封装置有关。尤其是，轴上的压力平衡双活塞环的形状与啮合在中心壳体和涡轮叶轮护罩之间的压力密封件相结合构成有效的涡轮端密封，以避免涡轮的废气中的冷凝物和气化物污染。
背景技术
涡轮增压器的应用非常广泛，包括传统的内燃机充气增压和一些新构思这些新构思鉴于排气的涡轮泵压和用于动力发生系统如油箱的加压反应剂。在多数涡轮增压器的运转要求中，规定在中心壳体内的轴承之间和旋转涡轮与压气机叶轮之间需要相对密闭的密封。尤其理想的是在涡轮的轴的端部密封，因为涡轮一般运转在相对高温的环境中。因此，最好是阻止轴承润滑液泄漏进涡轮壳体中，以防止润滑液在高温作用下的结胶或焦化，这能对涡轮的运转起不利的作用，还要防止涡轮壳体内润滑液引燃的可能性，或防止润滑液流光的可能性，二者所产生的有害作用即污染物要由系统排出。同样，避免从中心壳体中由润滑液给进气口压力气流带来污染物是很重要的。
在许多应用中，需要在现有的技术范围内大大减少压力气流的污染物和避免涡轮增压器润滑油被驱动涡轮增压器涡轮的废气流中水的气化物、冷凝物、含腐蚀物的污水污染。现有技术一般在涡轮轴上采用一个或更多迷宫式密封装置的密封环，以便防止涡轮和轴的压气机一侧之一或二者泄漏。此外，中心壳体内压气机端密封的通道允许润滑液与密封接触，成为轴上的排油或抛油装置，以便抽取径向离开密封环的多余润滑液，这用来增加整个密封结构的功能。这些现有技术的结构，其单独的和各种结合体结构对于新的高效密封需求来说，没有证明它们有足够的密封能力。
发明内容
本发明提供超过现有技术强的密封效果，它是由多个密封元件与一整体压力平衡腔室结合来提供的，该腔室接受来自压力气流或外部气源的加压气。
本发明提供用于涡轮增压器的涡轮轴叶轮的密封，它包括安装在轴上的第一和第二活塞环，第一密封环与在中心壳体铸件中轴孔的圆周表面密封啮合，而第二密封环与在涡轮叶轮护罩中轴孔的圆周表面密封啮合。一通道具有与中心壳体或整体的一部分，以便导入增压气体，它与轴孔在第一和第二活塞环中间连通，通道的第二部分包括在涡轮叶轮护罩内表面中的圆周通道。O型密封圈在中心壳体和通道的涡轮叶轮护罩外侧之间啮合，实现涡轮轴端上的密封。
在压气机轴端上的可靠面密封，它与压力平衡双密封环和涡轮端的压力密封装置相结合提供有效的密封，以便防止压力气流中的杂质和避免润滑液中的污染。
对于涡轮机要求较高的温度性能的替换实施例中，O型圈密封替换为适合高温的压力密封。
附图说明
根据详细描述和附图，本发明的细节和特征将得到更清晰地理解，其中：
图1是应用本发明的涡轮增压器侧剖视图；
图2是图1涡轮增压器中心壳体的细部剖视图，显示在本实施例中本发明的元件；和
图3是图1显示压力入口和增压气源的简图的，涡轮增压器中心壳体细部的顶剖视图。
具体实施方式
参照附图。图1显示应用本发明的涡轮增压器实施例，它包括中心壳体10，压气机壳体12，它用螺栓14或其他传统方法与中心壳体连接，以及以螺栓18与中心壳体连接的涡轮壳体16，轴承组件一般标记为20，它安装在中心壳体内，以及由轴承的中心孔连接的轴22。压气机叶轮24安装在轴的一端，该端穿过在中心壳体压气机端中与中心孔同轴的第一孔26延伸，涡轮叶轮28安装在轴的第二端，该端穿过第二孔30延伸，第二孔在中心壳体的涡轮端内也与中心孔同轴，以及在涡轮叶轮护罩34内的第三孔32也与中心孔同轴。涡轮叶轮护罩(在可选择的实施例中被确定作涡轮的背面或遮热罩)安装在中心壳体上，或者对显示在附图中的实施例来说，它被约束在中心壳体和涡轮壳体之间。第一、第二和第三孔以及轴承中心孔共同含有涡轮增压器的轴孔。
涡轮增压器传统上由通过涡轮壳体中的涡旋室36所提供的膨胀气体操作，以气动驱动涡轮，通过涡轮壳体中的出气口38排出废气。涡轮的转动通过轴带动压气机叶轮的旋转，通过压气机壳体内的入口40吸取压缩气体，加压气体排出压气机进入涡旋室42，以便连通发动机入口导管或其他加压气体的使用装置。
对于图示的实施例，轴承装置包括轴承外环44，它被装在轴承架46内，轴承内环48与轴的安装便于旋转，它由轴向分离的几组滚柱轴承元件50和52支承。一般标记为54的润滑油喷射通道和集油箱56构成轴承和轴的润滑系统。轴的涡轮端上的轴套58和轴的压气机端上的轴套60和环套62承受压力载荷。对于图示的实施例，由滚柱轴承元件承受推力传送。在本发明替换实施例中，轴颈轴承和关联的止推轴承被用作为轴的轴承系统。轴的涡轮端的轮廓，一般标记为64，它为油的收集系统提供抛油的作用。
第一和第二活塞环66和68安装在轴上，第一环与中心壳体内第二孔30的圆周表面70密封啮合，第二环与涡轮叶轮护罩内第三孔32的圆周表面72密封啮合，它的构成了迷宫式密封。通道74具有与中心壳体为一整体的第一部分76，它便于导入加压的气体，通道74在第一和第二活塞环中间与轴孔连通。通道的第二部分包括涡轮叶轮护罩内表面80中的圆周通道78。O型圈密封82在中心壳体和通道外侧的涡轮叶轮护罩之间啮合，实现轴的涡轮端的密封。
如图3所示，通过气口84提供给通道74加压气体，气口与外部气源连接，在车辆的应用中该外部气源例如为制动压缩气箱，单独的压缩气箱或者由涡轮增压器压气机涡旋室提供加压气体，或进一步连接到供气系统的下游。每一替换实例示意地显示在图1和图3中。对于显示在附图中的实施例，通道74的第一部分76在中心壳体内整体铸造，并延伸到中心壳体的涡轮端面。圆周通道78输送压力气体，以便通过端面和涡轮叶轮护罩之间的间隙，环绕气密封环之间的轴等量分布压力气体。该压力气体以比在涡轮中膨胀气体高的绝对压力提供跨过外密封环的压力梯度，以防止杂质的传递，如从膨胀气体到涡轮增压器润滑系统的水蒸气，腐蚀的冷凝物或其他可能的杂质。同样，该压力建立在密封之间形成的压力提供跨过内密封环的压力梯度，以助于密封结构的迷宫式构造而阻止润滑油泄漏进涡轮壳体中。
在轴的压气机端提供可靠面密封86，它与压力平衡面双密封圈和涡轮端的压力密封装置结合提供有效的密封，以防止压力气流的污染。用在轴的压气机端的一典型密封是碳表面密封，如1983年12月13日授予Herman C.Laham，名为″4,420,160号专利所公开的，它与本申请书具有共同的受让人。
在对于涡轮需要较高温度性能的替换实施例中，O型圈密封由适应高温的压力密封替代，如可压缩的金属环。
本发明现已按专利法规的要求细节描述了本发明，本领域的技术人员将知道本文公开的具体实施例的改进和替换。这些改进和替换在下面权利要求书中所限定的本发明的范围和意义之内。

Claims (14)

1.用于涡轮增压器的密封系统，它包括：
支承涡轮叶轮和压气机叶轮的轴，上述轴可旋转地保持在通过中心壳体和涡轮叶轮护罩延伸的轴孔之内；
第一和第二活塞环，其装在邻近涡轮叶片轮的轴上，第一环与中心壳体中轴孔的圆周表面密封啮合，第二环与涡轮叶轮护罩轴孔的圆周表面密封啮合；
一导入压力气体的通道，该通道与在第一和第二活塞环中间的轴孔连通；
给上述通道供应压力气体的装置；和
一个结合在中心壳体和上述通道的涡轮叶轮护罩外侧之间的压力密封。
2.按权利要求1的密封系统，其特征在于，该通道包括与中心壳体成整体的第一部分，和第二部分，它包括在涡轮叶轮护罩内的圆周通道。
3.按权利要求1的密封系统，其特征在于，压力密封包括O型圈。
4.按权利要求1的密封系统，其特征在于，压力密封包括可变形的金属环。
5.按权利要求2的密封系统，其特征在于，中心壳体是铸件，通道的第一部分与中心壳体整体铸造。
6.按权利要求2的密封系统，其特征在于，供应压力气体的装置包括中心壳体中的气口，它可操作地与通道第一部分和加压气源相互连接。
7.按权利要求6的密封系统，其特征在于，加压气源包括压力输出涡旋室，它接受来自压气机叶轮的加压气体。
8.按权利要求6的密封系统，其特征在于，加压气源包括压缩气箱。
9.按权利要求1的密封系统，其特征在于，它还包括：可操作地与邻近压气机叶轮的轴啮合的可靠面密封。
10.按权利要求9的密封系统，其特征在于，该通道包括与中心壳体成整体的第一部分，和第二部分，它包括在涡轮叶轮护罩内表面中的圆周通道。
11.按权利要求10的密封系统，其特征在于，中心壳体是铸件，且通道的第一部分与中心壳体整体铸造。
12.按权利要求10的密封系统，其特征在于，供应压力气体的装置包括中心壳体中的气口，它可操作地与通道的第一部分和加压气源相互连接。
13.按权利要求12的密封系统，其特征在于，加压气源包括压力输出涡旋室，它接受来自压气机叶轮的加压气体。
14.按权利要求12的密封系统，其特征在于，加压气源包括压缩气箱。
CN97181540A 1996-11-27 1997-11-25 压力平衡涡轮增压器的旋转密封 Expired - Lifetime CN1092768C (zh)

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US08/774,327 US5890881A (en) 1996-11-27 1996-11-27 Pressure balanced turbocharger rotating seal
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