CN109261136A - 一种磁性三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种磁性三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及磁性树脂制备技术领域,公开了一种磁性三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料的制备方法,通过在摩尔比为2:1的Fe3+与Fe2+溶液中加入氢氧化钠溶液制得纳米Fe3O4,再将纳米Fe3O4加入聚乙二醇中充分搅拌制得亲水性磁流体;将亲水性磁流体加入三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料中合成制得磁性三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料。本发明所制得的磁性脲醛树脂材料拥有成本较低,且材料为纳米级,粒径分布均匀,含有较多亲水性基团,对重金属离子具有较强的选择吸附能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及磁性树脂制备技术领域,具体是一种磁性三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料的制备方法。
背景技术
随着我国经济快速发展,矿冶、机械制造、化学工艺等生产过程中都会产生重金属废水,造成严重的重金属离子污染,成为水资源污染三大原因之一。由于重金属离子具有毒性和非生物降解性,饮用水中很低浓度的重金属离子借助生物链,经过生物浓缩、生物体内积累和生物放大过程,不仅会对人类造成危害,同时对水生动、植物而也会产生毒性和危害[3]。
目前,重金属离子污染的处理方法有物理吸附法,如碳吸附、膜处理,除去工艺主要有化学沉淀法、离子交换法、膜分离法、电解法等。其中离子交换法采用离子交换树脂对重金属进行交换,达到除去重金属的目的。
三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料是通过三聚氰胺对脲醛树脂进行改性,可用于对重金属离子的吸附。但现有的三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料对重金属离子的选择吸附能力较差,且三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料在合成过程中链状的脲醛树脂聚合物的活性基团较多,通过三聚氰胺改性后得到的产物孔径不一致,且分布不均匀,对重金属离子的选择吸附性能较差。
发明内容
基于以上问题,本发明提供一种磁性三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料的制备方法,通过本发明所制得的磁性三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料成本较低,且材料为纳米级,粒径分布均匀,含有较多亲水性基团,对重金属离子具有较强的选择吸附能力。
为解决以上技术问题,本发明提供了以下技术方案:
一种磁性三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、制备亲水性磁流体:
a1:在摩尔比为2:1的Fe3+与Fe2+的混合溶液中通入N2除去混合液中的氧气后,向混合液中加入NaOH溶液调节混合液pH值在9-10,将混合液加热到80℃恒温搅拌1h,分离出固体,清洗得到纳米Fe3O4;
a2:将a1中所得的纳米Fe3O4按质量比1:1加入聚乙二醇中,通过搅拌器搅拌24h后,用去离子水和无水乙醇反复洗涤至清洗液呈中性,然后用去离子水定容至纳米Fe3O4的质量分数为0.08g/ml,再用超声波充分打散30min形成亲水性磁流体;
S2:按质量份数取9份三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料、1份步骤S1所制得的亲水性磁流体,充分混合均匀,加入甲酸调节pH为3.5-4,再在50摄氏度下恒温16h;
S3:将经S2处理后的材料取出,加入甲醇浸没,放在振荡器中震荡30min后将甲醇倾倒;重复加入甲醇并震荡、倾倒操作2-3次;之后再用去离子水震荡清洗30min,直至清洗液呈中性;
S4:将S3中所得材料置于50℃真空干燥箱干燥12h,得到磁性三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料。
进一步地,步骤S1中的所用的聚乙二醇的平均相对分子量为900-1100。
进一步地,步骤S2中的三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料通过如下操作步制得:
b1:按摩尔比1.4~1.6:1:0.2~0.3的比例分别称取甲醛、尿素、三聚氰胺备用;
b2:向带有搅拌器的三口烧瓶中分别加入b1中称取的50%三聚氰胺、85%的尿素,再将b1中称量好的甲醛加入三口烧瓶中,启动搅拌并通过加入20%的NaOH溶液调节pH值为9-10;维持溶液温度为45℃,搅拌1h;
b3:向所述三口烧瓶中分别加入b1中剩余的15%的尿素、50%的三聚氰胺,加热至85℃,并在恒温下调节在pH 7.5,持续搅拌2.5h;
b4:将b3中三口烧瓶内的混合物降温至45℃,加入混合物总质量8~10%的甲醇,并恒温30min,得到三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料的前驱体凝胶;
b5:取b4中所得的前驱体凝胶,向其中加入前驱体凝胶总质量10~15%的乙腈的混合均匀,再将前驱体凝胶总质量25~35%的聚乙二醇6000溶解在前驱体凝胶与乙腈的混合液中;在溶液搅拌10min后加入前驱体凝胶总量10~20%的丙三醇,将混合物超声处理5min,并用氮气鼓泡5分钟以除去气体,得到三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料。
进一步地,操作步S1与步骤S3中含有纳米Fe3O4的溶液在清洗后清洗液的倾倒过程中,均使用外加磁场对清洗液进行倾倒。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:通过共沉淀法将亲水性磁流体与三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料合成制得磁性三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料,所制得的磁性三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料具有很强的机械稳定性和耐强碱、强酸及有机试剂的能力;同时,固体表面大量氨基、羟基等亲水基团,对重金属离子具备较高的交换容量和较好的选择性,且可通过再生处理使之重复利用,在保证较高萃取和富集效率的同时又大幅节约了处理成本。
附图说明
图1为三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料的SEM形貌图;
图2为核壳结构的磁性三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料的SEM形貌图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,下面结合实施例和附图,对本发明作进一步的详细说明,本发明的示意性实施方式及其说明仅用于解释本发明,并不作为对本发明的限定。
本实施例通过如下操作步骤进行磁性脲醛树脂的合成:
第一步:制备亲水性磁流体
称取9.3569g FeCl3·6H2O和3.4431g FeCl2·4H2O放入250mL烧瓶中,加入160mL纯水,向烧瓶中通入N230min,待除去混合液中的氧气后向其中加入20mL质量分数为25%的NaOH溶液,将混合液加热到80℃继续以600rpm转速恒温搅拌1h。结束后将成品分别用甲醇和水超声洗涤多次,借助外加磁场分离出纳米Fe3O4;
将所得的纳米Fe3O4加入2.0mL相对分子量为1000的聚乙二醇,在转速1000rpm条件下老化24h后,在磁场下用去离子水和无水乙醇反复洗涤,最后用去离子水定容至50mL,利用超声30min充分打散形成亲水性磁流体。
在高速机械搅拌下分别用聚乙二醇1000与磁性纳米Fe3O4充分混合,由于聚乙二醇表面含有羟基(—OH),在氢键和弱分子间力作用下与纳米Fe3O4上的O原子发生瞬间相互作用。经过长时间多次作用将纳米Fe3O4包覆其中;由于包覆一层聚乙二醇大分子,相对降低磁粒子吸引作用。同时在超声作用下充分打散,使得粒子之间不宜团聚,从而形成软核壳结构亲水性磁流体。
在清洗液的倾倒过程中,在烧瓶底部外加磁场,因磁场的作用使亲水性磁流体汇集于烧瓶底部,清洗液倾倒时不会使亲水性磁流体被倒出。
第二步:制备三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料
将3.06g尿素,1.26g三聚氰胺和9.5mL 37%甲醛溶液放入三颈瓶中并搅拌混合,用20%NaOH溶液将混合物调节至pH 9.0,然后加热至45℃并保持1h;向混合物中加入0.54g尿素和1.26g三聚氰胺,加热至85℃,并在恒温下保持在pH 7.5,持续2.5h;将混合物降温至45℃,加入2mL甲醇,并恒温30min,得到三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料的前驱体凝胶。
将0.90g PEG-6000溶解在3.0g前驱体凝胶和0.60mL乙腈的混合物中;在溶液搅拌10min后加入0.45g丙三醇,将混合物超声处理5min,并用氮气鼓泡5分钟以除去气体,得到三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料。
在此过程中,甲醛与尿素在碱性条件下生成羟甲基化合物,当调节pH值5-6时,生成的羟甲基化合物在酸性条件下发生缩合反应,由活泼的羟甲基与尿素,或者羟甲基自身脱水缩聚生成脲醛树脂单体;当调节pH至酸性条件下时,脲醛树脂单体脱水缩聚生成线性的脲醛树脂聚合物;三聚氰胺的加入可以提高聚合物的机械稳定性和耐强碱、强酸能力,同时还大大减小了聚合物中游离甲醛的含量。与此同时,甲醛与三聚氰胺反应生成粘稠状的物质,并与聚合物反应生成三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料的前驱体凝胶。
前驱体凝胶在聚乙二醇、乙腈和丙三醇组成的三元致孔剂作用下,形成空间网状结构的三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料。其中,三元致孔剂的加入可以有效规避磁性三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料在酸性条件下聚合成较大微球而影响后序对亲水性磁流体的包覆性能。
第三步:合成磁性三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料
将约18g由第二步制得的三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料加入至烧杯中,向其中加入1mL制备好的亲水性磁流体,搅拌均匀后加入甲酸调节pH至3.5-4.0,待混合均匀后,放入塑料管中封口,在50℃中水浴中恒温16h。
将塑料管中的材料从塑料管中取出,研碎。加入10mL甲醇放在恒温振荡器,震荡半小时,再外加磁场作用下将甲醇倾倒,再次加入10mL甲醇,按上述操作重复三次;之后再用10mL水清洗30min,重复三次,将致孔剂和未反应的溶剂除去,并将材料洗至中性后,置于50℃真空干燥箱干燥12h,得到具有核壳结构的磁性三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料。
在此过程中,纳米Fe3O4外层包裹有聚乙二醇形成的亲水性磁流体,由于亲水性磁流体表面的羟基具有极性,易于和三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料表面的极性基团相互作用,当在三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料溶胶中分散亲水性磁流体后,调整好适当三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料与亲水性磁流体质量比能够形成包覆磁核的磁性三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料。
在室温下,通过将该方法制得的磁性三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料进行Pb2+吸附实验,在Pb2+离子溶液pH值为7.5、吸附时间为60min时,最大吸附可达到33.8mg/g。
如上即为本发明的实施例。上述实施例以及实施例中的具体参数仅是为了清楚表述发明验证过程,并非用以限制本发明的专利保护范围,本发明的专利保护范围仍然以其权利要求书为准,凡是运用本发明的说明书及附图内容所作的等同结构变化,同理均应包含在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (4)
1.一种磁性三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、制备亲水性磁流体:
a1:在摩尔比为2:1的Fe3+与Fe2+的混合溶液中通入N2除去混合液中的氧气后,向混合液中加入NaOH溶液调节混合液pH值在9-10,将混合液加热到80℃恒温搅拌1h,分离出固体,清洗得到纳米Fe3O4;
a2:将a1中所得的纳米Fe3O4按质量比1:1加入聚乙二醇中,通过搅拌器搅拌24h后,用去离子水和无水乙醇反复洗涤至清洗液呈中性,然后用去离子水定容至纳米Fe3O4的质量分数为0.08g/ml,再用超声波充分打散30min形成亲水性磁流体;
S2:按质量份数取9份三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料、1份步骤S1所制得的亲水性磁流体,充分混合均匀,加入甲酸调节pH为3.5~4,再在50摄氏度下恒温16h;
S3:将经S2处理后的材料取出,加入甲醇浸没,放在振荡器中震荡30min后将甲醇倾倒;重复加入甲醇并震荡、倾倒操作2-3次;之后再用去离子水震荡清洗30min,直至清洗液呈中性;
S4:将S3中所得材料置于50℃真空干燥箱干燥12h,得到磁性三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种磁性三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S1中的所用的聚乙二醇的平均相对分子量为900-1100。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种磁性三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S2中所采用的三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料通过如下操作步制得:
b1:按摩尔比1.4~1.6:1:0.2~0.3的比例分别称取甲醛、尿素、三聚氰胺备用;
b2:向带有搅拌器的三口烧瓶中分别加入b1中称取的50%三聚氰胺、85%的尿素,再将b1中称量好的甲醛加入三口烧瓶中,启动搅拌并通过加入20%的NaOH溶液调节pH值为9-10;维持溶液温度为45℃,搅拌1h;
b3:向所述三口烧瓶中分别加入b1中剩余的15%的尿素、50%的三聚氰胺,加热至85℃,并在恒温下调节在pH7.5,持续搅拌2.5h;
b4:将b3中三口烧瓶内的混合物降温至45℃,加入混合物总质量8~10%的甲醇,并恒温30min,得到三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料的前驱体凝胶;
b5:取b4中所得的前驱体凝胶,向其中加入前驱体凝胶总质量10~15%的乙腈的混合均匀,再将前驱体凝胶总质量25~35%的聚乙二醇6000溶解在前驱体凝胶与乙腈的混合液中;在溶液搅拌10min后加入前驱体凝胶总量10~20%的丙三醇,将混合物超声处理5min,并用氮气鼓泡5分钟以除去气体,得到三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种磁性三聚氰胺脲醛树脂整体材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S1与步骤S3中含有Fe3O4的溶液在清洗后清洗液的倾倒过程中,均使用外加磁场对清洗液进行倾倒。
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