CN109220658A - A kind of implantation methods of konjaku - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods of konjaku Download PDFInfo
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- CN109220658A CN109220658A CN201710286615.9A CN201710286615A CN109220658A CN 109220658 A CN109220658 A CN 109220658A CN 201710286615 A CN201710286615 A CN 201710286615A CN 109220658 A CN109220658 A CN 109220658A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods of konjaku, include the following steps: (1) implantation time；(2) selection of land；(3) weather conditions；(4) it applies fertilizer；(5) high ridge is cultivated；(6) field management；(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；(8) it harvests.The implantation methods of konjaku provided by the invention can be improved the yield of konjaku, it is also possible that the base of plantation konjaku repeats to plant for 1 year, and can reduce the disease generation rate in konjaku planting process, improves konjaku quality, reduce konjaku planting cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods of konjaku.
Background technique
Konjaku alias mill taro, medicine is sprouted, and is big Southern Star section konjaku platymiscium, complete to belong to 163 kinds of record, and in China, plantation is main
It is elephant-foot yam and white konjaku, the substance containing a large amount of glucomannans.Glucomannans has unique physicochemical property and medicine
Value has prevention effect to hyperlipidemia, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, constipation etc.；On food and food additives
It is with a wide range of applications；There is good development prospect in fields such as cosmetics, edible film, chemical industry.
The starting of Chinese Amorphophallus industry starts from mid-term the 1980s, from the 1980s mid-term to the end of the nineties
Between more than ten years, foretell in the support of government, by scientific and technological circle, the effort of business circles, base peasant and mass organizations, konjaku industry by
It gradually improves and develops, after 21 century, as the improvement of people's living standards, health care consciousness enhances, agricultural is produced
The adjustment of industry structure, the transfer of investment, concern of the konjaku by more people, konjaku product is that supply falls short of demand, and konjaku industry obtains
Konjaku plantation is introduced in quickly development, many places.
Planting konjaku is high investment, high-tech, the industry of high risk and high reward.3000 yuan of left sides need to be put by planting 1 mu of konjaku
The right side can produce 5000 yuan of net earnings or so if Cultivate administration must be got well per acre.Due to konjaku Soil-sickness Problem and disease problem
Still good method does not solve, and plantation konjaku, which always selects to shoot, changes a local guerrilla tactics, and base is becoming at any time
It changes, causes konjaku that development need is wanted largely to introduce a fine variety, knowledge of many people due to being ignorant of konjaku plantation side blindly largely introduces a fine variety kind
It plants, as a result fails.
Konjaku is that happiness is negative, hygrophilous, To Be Protected from Heat, can not resist cold, is afraid of the crop of accumulated water.China konjaku medical history it is long, about at
" Mingyi Bielu " of the book in Chinese end has been described.The bulb of konjaku is cold in nature, acrid flavour, toxic as traditional Chinese medicine, and major function is
Reduce swelling, attack poison, cure mainly the diseases such as ulcerative carbuncle, agglomeration and venomous snake bite, tumour, the tuberculosis of cervical lymph nodes, furunculosis, hernia etc., more works are outer
With take orally to decoct long.Mainly have and prevents and treats constipation, regulating lipid metabolism, improves the effects of glycometabolism, weight-reducing.
Konjaku is Glucomannan by being processed into konjaku powder and konjac glucomannan, main content, and composition is unique, and purposes is extremely wide.
Edible aspect: glucomannans contains more than the 10 kinds of amino acid and various trace elements of needed by human body, with more low
Protein, the characteristics such as low fat high microsteping, water imbibition is strong, expansion rate is high, be bionical vegetarian diet, jelly, ice cream, Expanting ice cream,
The major-minor material of the products such as ham sausage, soft sweets, milk, Flour product, beverage, can also be fabricated directly into various food.
Medicinal aspect: konjaku has reducing blood lipid, hypoglycemic, blood pressure lowering, weight-reducing, beauty, health care, defaecation and a variety of curative effects.
Make drug additive and drug protection film in medical industry.
Industrial aspect: glucomannans expansion rate is very big, and adhesion strength is strong, can make adhesive, softening agent, emulsifier, desinsection
Agent, preservative etc., in paper industry, for improving word bomb and crease-resistant；In knitting dyer's industry, for floating whole dose, make fabric
Submissive, well-pressed, tone is gorgeous and adheres to strong；Konjaku powder is modified, can enhance swelling power and colloid viscosity, is used for petroleum drilling
It visits, waterproofing agent, culture medium, celluloid etc.；Chemically treated, processing, is Making Movies copy, photograph film, audiotape, change
The raw material of the facial mask of cosmetic, fragrant cream, cream, food preservative etc..
Currently, being had the following problems in the seeding process of konjaku:
In konjaku planting process, due to soft rot etc., konjaku is caused to drop in production over a large area；Base can not be repeated
Plantation, and then leading to be required to replacement base every year can enable the quality of konjaku and yield more excellent；Can not carry out
Between make, or can not certain crops carry out between make so that the utilization rate of land resource is lower, cause to plant
Cost is larger；In konjaku planting process, since planting type is improper, and then cause the bud ratio of konjaku lower, yield is lower, resists
Sick power is lower, and pest and disease damage occurs frequently, and then causes Amorphophallus Yield lower, and cost is larger.
Summary of the invention
Place, the present invention provide a kind of implantation methods of konjaku in order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and this method can be improved
The yield of konjaku it is also possible that the base of plantation konjaku repeats to plant for 1 year, and can reduce in konjaku planting process
Disease generation rate improves konjaku quality, reduces konjaku planting cost.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of implantation methods of konjaku, include the following steps:
(1) implantation time: konjaku dormant period 2 months November to next years, 2 months to the konjaku budding period in May, the Ching Ming Festival front and back, be
The Best Times of konjaku plantation after planting start to emerge to late May to early June；It must be finished before grain rains, after grain rains
It cannot plant again；
(2) selection of land: milpa summer is preferably more shady and cool wet, with the growth of sharp konjaku, autumn and winter preferably warmer drying, with sharp ball
Stem, which is dug, to be received and stores；Generally the chain of mountains is preferably selected to block or have the higher inclination of shaping, half yin and half yang, air humidity, back mutually
Wind area has water source that can irrigate, and draining is good, and Summer Heavy Rainfall will not the plot seriously washed away of soil；Konjaku adaptability is in soil layer
30cm or more, fertile, organic matter is abundant, air permeable, water conservation, fertilizer conservation, drain flooded fields good, pH-value neutrality soil；With loam
Or gritty clay loam is preferably；It is retained bad sandy soil and excessively viscous weight and the undesirable soil of drainage ventilation is not suitable for；
(3) weather conditions: konjaku leaf growth of the temperature of konjaku growth between 20-30 DEG C is normal, absorbs photosynthetic work
With best；It is impinged upon general day using with corn, fruit tree grade height stalk crop interplanting, interplanting to meet the habit of konjaku happiness yin
9-10 hours；Konjaku itself water content is high, annual rainfall during 1000 millimeters or more, 6-Septembers monthly rainfall 150-
200 millimeters of place, the growth of optimum konjaku；
(4) apply fertilizer: the entire growth cycle fertilizer amount of konjaku is big, and organic matter fertilizer amount accounts for the 80% of weight fertilizer amount, and base fertilizer is with organic
Plot based on object；
(5) high ridge is cultivated: the soil on moisture in the soil both sides first being mentioned moisture in the soil with the width scribing line reason moisture in the soil of 1.0-1.5m in Pingba ground
Centre, the both sides self-assembling formation ditch of moisture in the soil, in the intermediate cultivating konjak of moisture in the soil, as the intertillage managements such as sowing and weeding top dressing are arranged
It applies, improves the thickness of earth covering of konjaku, deepen the depth in gutter, form the high ridge of likeness in form flue-cured tobacco cultivation mode；The wide 0.3- of furrow
0.5m, when sowing, one plucks 4 rows, the village spacing in the rows 3-5,1 ruler of line-spacing；
(6) field management: pale reddish brown spoon, that is, green manure are spread in the plot that selection will plant konjaku in July half, is arrived down
When two March of kind, green manure is cut, is put into rand, plot of deep ploughing；Antecedent soil moisture is selected, is sowed when fine, drag hook kind
It plants, 4 ditch of a moisture in the soil, moisture in the soil is 1.5 meters wide, plays high ridge and has to after ensuring plantation, drains smooth；After sowing green manure, stalk, old grass,
On the flip lid to moisture surface such as leaf, pine needle, after covering, weeds are few, heat preservation, moisturizing, top dressing, loosen the soil, and konjaku growing way is good, fall afterwards
Seedling；
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: it predominantly prevents and treats soft rot, and control method is following several:
A. cultivation step is prevented and treated
It is the disease-free ganoid konjaku taro of selection first, guarantees the less plot of ganoid konjaku taro quality selection pathogen, with raw coal to soil
It carries out disinfection, efficent rotation, interval, the longer the better, is secondly planted using bio-diversity, can be interplanted with fruit tree konjaku, mulberry tree
Konjaku interplanting, the interplanting of corn konjaku or kind, corn intercrop konjaku is planted when breeding ganoid konjaku taro between corn between 14 when breeding commodity taro
Konjaku is advisable between 16, is finally using continuous cropping zero tillage in 2 years, and it is suitable for thin planting that First Year, which plants sub- taro, and current year does not harvest,
Next year carries out the intertillage managements such as weeding, fertilising, application, harvests in due course after plant sprout tumble；
B. the prevention and treatment of konjaku crop field soft rot
Prevention and treatment konjak soft rot should take the low ditch planting type of high moisture in the soil, and trench digging reason moisture in the soil, enables plot to drain anti-from high to low
Flood, rational close planting；It was found that insect pest occurs sprays corresponding insect prevention medical fluid immediately；Using culture underglasses such as straw, pine tags, managed in intertillage
During reason, weeding avoids being rooted out with machinery, the operations such as fertilising, weeding, spray preferably select fine as far as possible using mode is pulled out by hand
Konjaku plant cannot be damaged its afternoon, diseases prevention medical fluid should be sprayed after intertillage immediately；Insect prevention medicine should be applied according to insect pest should mutually have
Special efficacy deinsectization pesticide, disease-proofing pesticide are that 800 times of liquid of 2500 times of 72% agricultural streptomycin or 50% ambam or 40% anti-wither chemical can
750 times of liquid of wet powder；Every 7-10 days 1 time, continuous spraying 3-5 times；
The prevention and treatment of konjak soft rot when c. harvesting
Recovery process infects the infection links such as the division of labor again has contagion, classification infects, transport infects, and should take and harvest
Shi Jingxin, which is received, to be dug, do not injure konjac tuber as far as possible, first picked up when being classified after receipts, after pick up that disease is bad, rots, i.e., classification when maximum
It reduces to limit and adheres to germ on hand, preventing spread of disease infection；
D. the prevention and treatment of ganoid konjaku taro storage process soft rot
The reason of storage konjac seed causes germina infection is that ground contacting portion is logical when not drying sufficiently, store before storing
The factors such as wind is unsmooth, should sufficiently dry before storage in open country, dry the time 5-7 days, are stored in bamboo fence, straw mat, or on ground
Face spreads one layer of straw, wheat straw guarantees ground contacting portion well-ventilated, and periodically opens door and window ventilation, uses after ventilation
The cigarettes Chinese fuming drugss object such as carbendazim seals fumigation disinfection；Medicine bag storage is covered, selects control efficiency good, the stable high-efficiency low-toxicity of physicochemical character
Fungicide after preparing concentration, is added certain coagulator, is applied on the scraps of paper with machinery, medicine bag is made, ganoid konjaku taro is put into medicine bag
It is interior, pathogen inside and outside ganoid konjaku taro can be directly killed, is suitable for allocation and transportation and ganoid konjaku taro is stored in room；Cause of disease can be directly killed using diseases prevention medicine bag
Bacterium is conducive to ganoid konjaku taro and allocates and transports safely, avoids ganoid konjaku taro from mutually infecting, and the drug effect phase is long；
E. the prevention and treatment of ganoid konjaku taro transportational process soft rot
Transportational process causes the reason of germina infection mainly to stack excessively high and taro kind is not dried sufficiently, and moisture content is big,
Ventilated poor, sick taro is rotted in the case where squeezing jounce condition, and sick liquid stream is dynamic to be caused to infect, and should be stacked in transport layered, every layer
It is filled with and is piled with the high 50cm bamboo basket of a row, should unloaded immediately after arriving at the destination, spread out and dissipate sunning, conditional place is best
Dry storage or sowing after sorting again through soaking disinfection；
F. ganoid konjaku taro processing prevention and treatment soft rot
The approach of germina infection is picked up kind, is soaked seed, drying insufficient, utensil and the rings such as be recycled when planting konjaku again
Section, should be taken when picking up kind it is first good after it is bad, liquor strength is had to enough when seed soaking, is soaked again after dissolving drug with clean water every time
Kind, dry 1-2 days after seed soaking, utensil discovery there is konjaku to rot after trace should be dried immediately with medical fluid is clean after reuse etc. it is square
Method；
(8) harvest: harvesting is premature higher than timely collecting water content, and the water content of later harvesting is low；Collecting time one
As after the normal sprout tumble of konjaku 10~20 days harvest, too early harvest ganoid konjaku taro moisture weight, be not easy to store；Ganoid konjaku taro classification is carried out when harvesting
Afterwards, basket dress ganoid konjaku taro saves.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: by using with corn, fruit tree grade height stalk crop interplanting, interplanting, to meet konjaku
The habit for liking yin can thicken arable layer and konjaku thickness of earth covering using high ridge cultivating method, increase the soil temperature difference round the clock,
Summer can be improved soil moisture and be conducive to konjaku growth, not only improves the growth and development of konjaku root, cauline leaf, can more drain flooded fields in due course
Drainage, plot surface active soil stratum thicken, and voidage increases, and it is hardened to can effectively prevent soil layer, improve soil aeration, and pressure is buried miscellaneous
Grass, because high ridge zanjon reduces level of ground water, therefore winter can effectively reduce soil moisture content, avoid overwintering konjaku in soil moisture
Frozen soil frostbite konjaku kind when too high levels；In planting process, by carrying out perfect Disease-Control for Soft-Rotting to konjaku, so that
The germ amount of bringing into konjaku planting base is less, and then improves the survival rate of konjaku plantation, further improves konjaku
The quality and yield of plantation reduce the cost of konjaku plantation, have significant economic benefit.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail, herein illustrative examples and explanation of the invention
For explaining the present invention, but it is not as a limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of implantation methods of konjaku, include the following steps:
(1) implantation time: konjaku dormant period 2 months November to next years, 2 months to the konjaku budding period in May, the Ching Ming Festival front and back, be
The Best Times of konjaku plantation after planting start to emerge to late May to early June；It must be finished before grain rains, after grain rains
It cannot plant again；
(2) selection of land: milpa summer is preferably more shady and cool wet, with the growth of sharp konjaku, autumn and winter preferably warmer drying, with sharp ball
Stem, which is dug, to be received and stores；Generally the chain of mountains is preferably selected to block or have the higher inclination of shaping, half yin and half yang, air humidity, back mutually
Wind area has water source that can irrigate, and draining is good, and Summer Heavy Rainfall will not the plot seriously washed away of soil；Konjaku adaptability is in soil layer
30cm or more, fertile, organic matter is abundant, air permeable, water conservation, fertilizer conservation, drain flooded fields good, pH-value neutrality soil；With loam
Or gritty clay loam is preferably；It is retained bad sandy soil and excessively viscous weight and the undesirable soil of drainage ventilation is not suitable for；
(3) weather conditions: konjaku leaf growth of the temperature of konjaku growth between 20-30 DEG C is normal, absorbs photosynthetic work
With best；It is impinged upon general day using with corn, fruit tree grade height stalk crop interplanting, interplanting to meet the habit of konjaku happiness yin
9 hours；Konjaku itself water content is high, annual rainfall during 1000 millimeters or more, 6-Septembers monthly rainfall at 150 millimeters
Place, the growth of optimum konjaku；
(4) apply fertilizer: the entire growth cycle fertilizer amount of konjaku is big, and organic matter fertilizer amount accounts for the 80% of weight fertilizer amount, and base fertilizer is with organic
Plot based on object；
(5) high ridge is cultivated: first the soil on moisture in the soil both sides being mentioned in moisture in the soil with the width scribing line reason moisture in the soil of 1.0m in Pingba ground
Between, the both sides self-assembling formation ditch of moisture in the soil, in the intermediate cultivating konjak of moisture in the soil, with intertillage managements measures such as sowing and weeding top dressings,
The thickness of earth covering for improving konjaku deepens the depth in gutter, forms the high ridge of likeness in form flue-cured tobacco cultivation mode；The wide 0.3m of furrow, under
When kind, one plucks 4 rows, 3 village of spacing in the rows, 1 ruler of line-spacing；
(6) field management: pale reddish brown spoon, that is, green manure are spread in the plot that selection will plant konjaku in July half, is arrived down
When two March of kind, green manure is cut, is put into rand, plot of deep ploughing；Antecedent soil moisture is selected, is sowed when fine, drag hook kind
It plants, 4 ditch of a moisture in the soil, moisture in the soil is 1.5 meters wide, plays high ridge and has to after ensuring plantation, drains smooth；After sowing green manure, stalk, old grass,
On the flip lid to moisture surface such as leaf, pine needle, after covering, weeds are few, heat preservation, moisturizing, top dressing, loosen the soil, and konjaku growing way is good, fall afterwards
Seedling；
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: it predominantly prevents and treats soft rot, and control method is following several:
A. cultivation step is prevented and treated
It is the disease-free ganoid konjaku taro of selection first, guarantees the less plot of ganoid konjaku taro quality selection pathogen, with raw coal to soil
It carries out disinfection, efficent rotation, interval, the longer the better, is secondly planted using bio-diversity, can be interplanted with fruit tree konjaku, mulberry tree
Konjaku interplanting, the interplanting of corn konjaku or kind, corn intercrop konjaku is planted when breeding ganoid konjaku taro between corn between 14 when breeding commodity taro
Konjaku is advisable between 16, is finally using continuous cropping zero tillage in 2 years, and it is suitable for thin planting that First Year, which plants sub- taro, and current year does not harvest,
Next year carries out the intertillage managements such as weeding, fertilising, application, harvests in due course after plant sprout tumble；
B. the prevention and treatment of konjaku crop field soft rot
Prevention and treatment konjak soft rot should take the low ditch planting type of high moisture in the soil, and trench digging reason moisture in the soil, enables plot to drain anti-from high to low
Flood, rational close planting；It was found that insect pest occurs sprays corresponding insect prevention medical fluid immediately；Using culture underglasses such as straw, pine tags, managed in intertillage
During reason, weeding avoids being rooted out with machinery, the operations such as fertilising, weeding, spray preferably select fine as far as possible using mode is pulled out by hand
Konjaku plant cannot be damaged its afternoon, diseases prevention medical fluid should be sprayed after intertillage immediately；Insect prevention medicine should be applied according to insect pest should mutually have
Special efficacy deinsectization pesticide, disease-proofing pesticide are that 800 times of liquid of 2500 times of 72% agricultural streptomycin or 50% ambam or 40% anti-wither chemical can
750 times of liquid of wet powder；Every 7 days 1 time, continuous spraying 3 times；
The prevention and treatment of konjak soft rot when c. harvesting
Recovery process infects the infection links such as the division of labor again has contagion, classification infects, transport infects, and should take and harvest
Shi Jingxin, which is received, to be dug, do not injure konjac tuber as far as possible, first picked up when being classified after receipts, after pick up that disease is bad, rots, i.e., classification when maximum
It reduces to limit and adheres to germ on hand, preventing spread of disease infection；
D. the prevention and treatment of ganoid konjaku taro storage process soft rot
The reason of storage konjac seed causes germina infection is that ground contacting portion is logical when not drying sufficiently, store before storing
The factors such as wind is unsmooth, should sufficiently dry before storage in open country, dry the time 5 days, are stored in bamboo fence, straw mat, or on ground
One layer of straw, wheat straw guarantee ground contacting portion well-ventilated are spread, and periodically opens door and window ventilation, with more after ventilation
The cigarettes Chinese fuming drugss object such as bacterium spirit seals fumigation disinfection；Medicine bag storage is covered, selects control efficiency good, the stable high-efficiency low-toxicity of physicochemical character kills
Microbial inoculum after preparing concentration, is added certain coagulator, is applied on the scraps of paper with machinery, medicine bag is made, ganoid konjaku taro is put into medicine bag
It is interior, pathogen inside and outside ganoid konjaku taro can be directly killed, is suitable for allocation and transportation and ganoid konjaku taro is stored in room；Cause of disease can be directly killed using diseases prevention medicine bag
Bacterium is conducive to ganoid konjaku taro and allocates and transports safely, avoids ganoid konjaku taro from mutually infecting, and the drug effect phase is long；
E. the prevention and treatment of ganoid konjaku taro transportational process soft rot
Transportational process causes the reason of germina infection mainly to stack excessively high and taro kind is not dried sufficiently, and moisture content is big,
Ventilated poor, sick taro is rotted in the case where squeezing jounce condition, and sick liquid stream is dynamic to be caused to infect, and should be stacked in transport layered, every layer
It is filled with and is piled with the high 50cm bamboo basket of a row, should unloaded immediately after arriving at the destination, spread out and dissipate sunning, conditional place is best
Dry storage or sowing after sorting again through soaking disinfection；
F. ganoid konjaku taro processing prevention and treatment soft rot
The approach of germina infection is picked up kind, is soaked seed, drying insufficient, utensil and the rings such as be recycled when planting konjaku again
Section, should be taken when picking up kind it is first good after it is bad, liquor strength is had to enough when seed soaking, is soaked again after dissolving drug with clean water every time
Kind, dry 1-2 days after seed soaking, utensil discovery there is konjaku to rot after trace should be dried immediately with medical fluid is clean after reuse etc. it is square
Method；
(8) harvest: harvesting is premature higher than timely collecting water content, and the water content of later harvesting is low；Collecting time one
As after the normal sprout tumble of konjaku 10 days harvest, too early harvest ganoid konjaku taro moisture weight, be not easy to store；After carrying out ganoid konjaku taro classification when harvesting,
Basket dress ganoid konjaku taro saves.
Embodiment 2
A kind of implantation methods of konjaku, include the following steps:
(1) implantation time: konjaku dormant period 2 months November to next years, 2 months to the konjaku budding period in May, the Ching Ming Festival front and back, be
The Best Times of konjaku plantation after planting start to emerge to late May to early June；It must be finished before grain rains, after grain rains
It cannot plant again；
(2) selection of land: milpa summer is preferably more shady and cool wet, with the growth of sharp konjaku, autumn and winter preferably warmer drying, with sharp ball
Stem, which is dug, to be received and stores；Generally the chain of mountains is preferably selected to block or have the higher inclination of shaping, half yin and half yang, air humidity, back mutually
Wind area has water source that can irrigate, and draining is good, and Summer Heavy Rainfall will not the plot seriously washed away of soil；Konjaku adaptability is in soil layer
30cm or more, fertile, organic matter is abundant, air permeable, water conservation, fertilizer conservation, drain flooded fields good, pH-value neutrality soil；With loam
Or gritty clay loam is preferably；It is retained bad sandy soil and excessively viscous weight and the undesirable soil of drainage ventilation is not suitable for；
(3) weather conditions: konjaku leaf growth of the temperature of konjaku growth between 20-30 DEG C is normal, absorbs photosynthetic work
With best；It is impinged upon general day using with corn, fruit tree grade height stalk crop interplanting, interplanting to meet the habit of konjaku happiness yin
10 hours；Konjaku itself water content is high, annual rainfall during 1000 millimeters or more, 6-Septembers monthly rainfall at 200 millimeters
Place, optimum konjaku growth；
(4) apply fertilizer: the entire growth cycle fertilizer amount of konjaku is big, and organic matter fertilizer amount accounts for the 80% of weight fertilizer amount, and base fertilizer is with organic
Plot based on object；
(5) high ridge is cultivated: first the soil on moisture in the soil both sides being mentioned in moisture in the soil with the width scribing line reason moisture in the soil of 1.5m in Pingba ground
Between, the both sides self-assembling formation ditch of moisture in the soil, in the intermediate cultivating konjak of moisture in the soil, with intertillage managements measures such as sowing and weeding top dressings,
The thickness of earth covering for improving konjaku deepens the depth in gutter, forms the high ridge of likeness in form flue-cured tobacco cultivation mode；The wide 0.5m of furrow, under
When kind, one plucks 4 rows, 5 village of spacing in the rows, 1 ruler of line-spacing；
(6) field management: pale reddish brown spoon, that is, green manure are spread in the plot that selection will plant konjaku in July half, is arrived down
When two March of kind, green manure is cut, is put into rand, plot of deep ploughing；Antecedent soil moisture is selected, is sowed when fine, drag hook kind
It plants, 4 ditch of a moisture in the soil, moisture in the soil is 1.5 meters wide, plays high ridge and has to after ensuring plantation, drains smooth；After sowing green manure, stalk, old grass,
On the flip lid to moisture surface such as leaf, pine needle, after covering, weeds are few, heat preservation, moisturizing, top dressing, loosen the soil, and konjaku growing way is good, fall afterwards
Seedling；
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: it predominantly prevents and treats soft rot, and control method is following several:
A. cultivation step is prevented and treated
It is the disease-free ganoid konjaku taro of selection first, guarantees the less plot of ganoid konjaku taro quality selection pathogen, with raw coal to soil
It carries out disinfection, efficent rotation, interval, the longer the better, is secondly planted using bio-diversity, can be interplanted with fruit tree konjaku, mulberry tree
Konjaku interplanting, the interplanting of corn konjaku or kind, corn intercrop konjaku is planted when breeding ganoid konjaku taro between corn between 14 when breeding commodity taro
Konjaku is advisable between 16, is finally using continuous cropping zero tillage in 2 years, and it is suitable for thin planting that First Year, which plants sub- taro, and current year does not harvest,
Next year carries out the intertillage managements such as weeding, fertilising, application, harvests in due course after plant sprout tumble；
B. the prevention and treatment of konjaku crop field soft rot
Prevention and treatment konjak soft rot should take the low ditch planting type of high moisture in the soil, and trench digging reason moisture in the soil, enables plot to drain anti-from high to low
Flood, rational close planting；It was found that insect pest occurs sprays corresponding insect prevention medical fluid immediately；Using culture underglasses such as straw, pine tags, managed in intertillage
During reason, weeding avoids being rooted out with machinery, the operations such as fertilising, weeding, spray preferably select fine as far as possible using mode is pulled out by hand
Konjaku plant cannot be damaged its afternoon, diseases prevention medical fluid should be sprayed after intertillage immediately；Insect prevention medicine should be applied according to insect pest should mutually have
Special efficacy deinsectization pesticide, disease-proofing pesticide are that 800 times of liquid of 2500 times of 72% agricultural streptomycin or 50% ambam or 40% anti-wither chemical can
750 times of liquid of wet powder；Every 10 days 1 time, continuous spraying 5 times；
The prevention and treatment of konjak soft rot when c. harvesting
Recovery process infects the infection links such as the division of labor again has contagion, classification infects, transport infects, and should take and harvest
Shi Jingxin, which is received, to be dug, do not injure konjac tuber as far as possible, first picked up when being classified after receipts, after pick up that disease is bad, rots, i.e., classification when maximum
It reduces to limit and adheres to germ on hand, preventing spread of disease infection；
D. the prevention and treatment of ganoid konjaku taro storage process soft rot
The reason of storage konjac seed causes germina infection is that ground contacting portion is logical when not drying sufficiently, store before storing
The factors such as wind is unsmooth, should sufficiently dry before storage in open country, dry the time 7 days, are stored in bamboo fence, straw mat, or on ground
One layer of straw, wheat straw guarantee ground contacting portion well-ventilated are spread, and periodically opens door and window ventilation, with more after ventilation
The cigarettes Chinese fuming drugss object such as bacterium spirit seals fumigation disinfection；Medicine bag storage is covered, selects control efficiency good, the stable high-efficiency low-toxicity of physicochemical character kills
Microbial inoculum after preparing concentration, is added certain coagulator, is applied on the scraps of paper with machinery, medicine bag is made, ganoid konjaku taro is put into medicine bag
It is interior, pathogen inside and outside ganoid konjaku taro can be directly killed, is suitable for allocation and transportation and ganoid konjaku taro is stored in room；Cause of disease can be directly killed using diseases prevention medicine bag
Bacterium is conducive to ganoid konjaku taro and allocates and transports safely, avoids ganoid konjaku taro from mutually infecting, and the drug effect phase is long；
E. the prevention and treatment of ganoid konjaku taro transportational process soft rot
Transportational process causes the reason of germina infection mainly to stack excessively high and taro kind is not dried sufficiently, and moisture content is big,
Ventilated poor, sick taro is rotted in the case where squeezing jounce condition, and sick liquid stream is dynamic to be caused to infect, and should be stacked in transport layered, every layer
It is filled with and is piled with the high 50cm bamboo basket of a row, should unloaded immediately after arriving at the destination, spread out and dissipate sunning, conditional place is best
Dry storage or sowing after sorting again through soaking disinfection；
F. ganoid konjaku taro processing prevention and treatment soft rot
The approach of germina infection is picked up kind, is soaked seed, drying insufficient, utensil and the rings such as be recycled when planting konjaku again
Section, should be taken when picking up kind it is first good after it is bad, liquor strength is had to enough when seed soaking, is soaked again after dissolving drug with clean water every time
Kind, dry 1-2 days after seed soaking, utensil discovery there is konjaku to rot after trace should be dried immediately with medical fluid is clean after reuse etc. it is square
Method；
(8) harvest: harvesting is premature higher than timely collecting water content, and the water content of later harvesting is low；Collecting time one
As after the normal sprout tumble of konjaku 20 days harvest, too early harvest ganoid konjaku taro moisture weight, be not easy to store；After carrying out ganoid konjaku taro classification when harvesting,
Basket dress ganoid konjaku taro saves.
Embodiment 3
A kind of implantation methods of konjaku, include the following steps:
(1) implantation time: konjaku dormant period 2 months November to next years, 2 months to the konjaku budding period in May, the Ching Ming Festival front and back, be
The Best Times of konjaku plantation after planting start to emerge to late May to early June；It must be finished before grain rains, after grain rains
It cannot plant again；
(2) selection of land: milpa summer is preferably more shady and cool wet, with the growth of sharp konjaku, autumn and winter preferably warmer drying, with sharp ball
Stem, which is dug, to be received and stores；Generally the chain of mountains is preferably selected to block or have the higher inclination of shaping, half yin and half yang, air humidity, back mutually
Wind area has water source that can irrigate, and draining is good, and Summer Heavy Rainfall will not the plot seriously washed away of soil；Konjaku adaptability is in soil layer
30cm or more, fertile, organic matter is abundant, air permeable, water conservation, fertilizer conservation, drain flooded fields good, pH-value neutrality soil；With loam
Or gritty clay loam is preferably；It is retained bad sandy soil and excessively viscous weight and the undesirable soil of drainage ventilation is not suitable for；
(3) weather conditions: konjaku leaf growth of the temperature of konjaku growth between 20-30 DEG C is normal, absorbs photosynthetic work
With best；It is impinged upon general day using with corn, fruit tree grade height stalk crop interplanting, interplanting to meet the habit of konjaku happiness yin
9-10 hours；Konjaku itself water content is high, annual rainfall during 1000 millimeters or more, 6-Septembers monthly rainfall in 180 millis
The place of rice, the growth of optimum konjaku；
(4) apply fertilizer: the entire growth cycle fertilizer amount of konjaku is big, and organic matter fertilizer amount accounts for the 80% of weight fertilizer amount, and base fertilizer is with organic
Plot based on object；
(5) high ridge is cultivated: first the soil on moisture in the soil both sides being mentioned in moisture in the soil with the width scribing line reason moisture in the soil of 1.3m in Pingba ground
Between, the both sides self-assembling formation ditch of moisture in the soil, in the intermediate cultivating konjak of moisture in the soil, with intertillage managements measures such as sowing and weeding top dressings,
The thickness of earth covering for improving konjaku deepens the depth in gutter, forms the high ridge of likeness in form flue-cured tobacco cultivation mode；The wide 0.4m of furrow, under
When kind, one plucks 4 rows, 4 village of spacing in the rows, 1 ruler of line-spacing；
(6) field management: pale reddish brown spoon, that is, green manure are spread in the plot that selection will plant konjaku in July half, is arrived down
When two March of kind, green manure is cut, is put into rand, plot of deep ploughing；Antecedent soil moisture is selected, is sowed when fine, drag hook kind
It plants, 4 ditch of a moisture in the soil, moisture in the soil is 1.5 meters wide, plays high ridge and has to after ensuring plantation, drains smooth；After sowing green manure, stalk, old grass,
On the flip lid to moisture surface such as leaf, pine needle, after covering, weeds are few, heat preservation, moisturizing, top dressing, loosen the soil, and konjaku growing way is good, fall afterwards
Seedling；
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: it predominantly prevents and treats soft rot, and control method is following several:
A. cultivation step is prevented and treated
It is the disease-free ganoid konjaku taro of selection first, guarantees the less plot of ganoid konjaku taro quality selection pathogen, with raw coal to soil
It carries out disinfection, efficent rotation, interval, the longer the better, is secondly planted using bio-diversity, can be interplanted with fruit tree konjaku, mulberry tree
Konjaku interplanting, the interplanting of corn konjaku or kind, corn intercrop konjaku is planted when breeding ganoid konjaku taro between corn between 14 when breeding commodity taro
Konjaku is advisable between 16, is finally using continuous cropping zero tillage in 2 years, and it is suitable for thin planting that First Year, which plants sub- taro, and current year does not harvest,
Next year carries out the intertillage managements such as weeding, fertilising, application, harvests in due course after plant sprout tumble；
B. the prevention and treatment of konjaku crop field soft rot
Prevention and treatment konjak soft rot should take the low ditch planting type of high moisture in the soil, and trench digging reason moisture in the soil, enables plot to drain anti-from high to low
Flood, rational close planting；It was found that insect pest occurs sprays corresponding insect prevention medical fluid immediately；Using culture underglasses such as straw, pine tags, managed in intertillage
During reason, weeding avoids being rooted out with machinery, the operations such as fertilising, weeding, spray preferably select fine as far as possible using mode is pulled out by hand
Konjaku plant cannot be damaged its afternoon, diseases prevention medical fluid should be sprayed after intertillage immediately；Insect prevention medicine should be applied according to insect pest should mutually have
Special efficacy deinsectization pesticide, disease-proofing pesticide are that 800 times of liquid of 2500 times of 72% agricultural streptomycin or 50% ambam or 40% anti-wither chemical can
750 times of liquid of wet powder；Every 8 days 1 time, continuous spraying 4 times；
The prevention and treatment of konjak soft rot when c. harvesting
Recovery process infects the infection links such as the division of labor again has contagion, classification infects, transport infects, and should take and harvest
Shi Jingxin, which is received, to be dug, do not injure konjac tuber as far as possible, first picked up when being classified after receipts, after pick up that disease is bad, rots, i.e., classification when maximum
It reduces to limit and adheres to germ on hand, preventing spread of disease infection；
D. the prevention and treatment of ganoid konjaku taro storage process soft rot
The reason of storage konjac seed causes germina infection is that ground contacting portion is logical when not drying sufficiently, store before storing
The factors such as wind is unsmooth, should sufficiently dry before storage in open country, dry the time 6 days, are stored in bamboo fence, straw mat, or on ground
One layer of straw, wheat straw guarantee ground contacting portion well-ventilated are spread, and periodically opens door and window ventilation, with more after ventilation
The cigarettes Chinese fuming drugss object such as bacterium spirit seals fumigation disinfection；Medicine bag storage is covered, selects control efficiency good, the stable high-efficiency low-toxicity of physicochemical character kills
Microbial inoculum after preparing concentration, is added certain coagulator, is applied on the scraps of paper with machinery, medicine bag is made, ganoid konjaku taro is put into medicine bag
It is interior, pathogen inside and outside ganoid konjaku taro can be directly killed, is suitable for allocation and transportation and ganoid konjaku taro is stored in room；Cause of disease can be directly killed using diseases prevention medicine bag
Bacterium is conducive to ganoid konjaku taro and allocates and transports safely, avoids ganoid konjaku taro from mutually infecting, and the drug effect phase is long；
E. the prevention and treatment of ganoid konjaku taro transportational process soft rot
Transportational process causes the reason of germina infection mainly to stack excessively high and taro kind is not dried sufficiently, and moisture content is big,
Ventilated poor, sick taro is rotted in the case where squeezing jounce condition, and sick liquid stream is dynamic to be caused to infect, and should be stacked in transport layered, every layer
It is filled with and is piled with the high 50cm bamboo basket of a row, should unloaded immediately after arriving at the destination, spread out and dissipate sunning, conditional place is best
Dry storage or sowing after sorting again through soaking disinfection；
F. ganoid konjaku taro processing prevention and treatment soft rot
The approach of germina infection is picked up kind, is soaked seed, drying insufficient, utensil and the rings such as be recycled when planting konjaku again
Section, should be taken when picking up kind it is first good after it is bad, liquor strength is had to enough when seed soaking, is soaked again after dissolving drug with clean water every time
Kind, dry 1-2 days after seed soaking, utensil discovery there is konjaku to rot after trace should be dried immediately with medical fluid is clean after reuse etc. it is square
Method；
(8) harvest: harvesting is premature higher than timely collecting water content, and the water content of later harvesting is low；Collecting time one
As after the normal sprout tumble of konjaku 15 days harvest, too early harvest ganoid konjaku taro moisture weight, be not easy to store；After carrying out ganoid konjaku taro classification when harvesting,
Basket dress ganoid konjaku taro saves.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of implantation methods of konjaku, which comprises the steps of:
(1) implantation time: konjaku dormant period 2 months November to next years, 2 months to the konjaku budding period in May, the Ching Ming Festival front and back, be konjaku
The Best Times of plantation after planting start to emerge to late May to early June；It must be finished before grain rains, it can not after grain rains
To plant again；
(2) selection of land: milpa summer is preferably more shady and cool wet, with the growth of sharp konjaku, autumn and winter preferably warmer drying, with the digging of sharp bulb
It receives and stores；The chain of mountains is generally preferably selected to block or have the higher inclination of shaping, half yin and half yang, air humidity, leeward mutually
Band has water source that can irrigate, and draining is good, and Summer Heavy Rainfall will not the plot seriously washed away of soil；Konjaku adaptability in soil layer 30cm with
Upper, fertile, organic matter enriches, air permeable, water conservation, fertilizer conservation, drain flooded fields good, pH-value neutrality soil；With loam or contain sand
The clay loam of gravel is preferably；It is retained bad sandy soil and excessively viscous weight and the undesirable soil of drainage ventilation is not suitable for；
(3) weather conditions: konjaku leaf growth of the temperature of konjaku growth between 20-30 DEG C is normal, absorbs photosynthesis most
It is good；General day 9-are impinged upon using with corn, fruit tree grade height stalk crop interplanting, interplanting to meet the habit of konjaku happiness yin
10 hours；Konjaku itself water content is high, annual rainfall during 1000 millimeters or more, 6-Septembers monthly rainfall 150-200
The place of millimeter, the growth of optimum konjaku；
(4) apply fertilizer: the entire growth cycle fertilizer amount of konjaku is big, and organic matter fertilizer amount accounts for the 80% of weight fertilizer amount, and base fertilizer is with organic matter
Main plot；
(5) high ridge is cultivated: first the soil on moisture in the soil both sides being mentioned in moisture in the soil with the width scribing line reason moisture in the soil of 1.0-1.5m in Pingba ground
Between, the both sides self-assembling formation ditch of moisture in the soil, in the intermediate cultivating konjak of moisture in the soil, with intertillage managements measures such as sowing and weeding top dressings,
The thickness of earth covering for improving konjaku deepens the depth in gutter, forms the high ridge of likeness in form flue-cured tobacco cultivation mode；The wide 0.3- of furrow
0.5m, when sowing, one plucks 4 rows, the village spacing in the rows 3-5,1 ruler of line-spacing；
(6) selection: will be planted the plot of konjaku in July half and spread pale reddish brown spoon, that is, green manure by field management, to sowing two
When the March, green manure is cut, is put into rand, plot of deep ploughing；Antecedent soil moisture is selected, is sowed when fine, drag hook plantation, one
4 ditch of moisture in the soil, moisture in the soil is 1.5 meters wide, plays high ridge and has to after ensuring plantation, drains smooth；After sowing green manure, stalk, old grass, leaf,
On the flip lid to moisture surface such as pine needle, after covering, weeds are few, heat preservation, moisturizing, top dressing, loosen the soil, and konjaku growing way is good, rear sprout tumble；
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: it predominantly prevents and treats soft rot, and control method is following several:
A. cultivation step is prevented and treated
It is the disease-free ganoid konjaku taro of selection first, guarantees the less plot of ganoid konjaku taro quality selection pathogen, soil is carried out with raw coal
Disinfection, efficent rotation, interval, the longer the better, is secondly planted using bio-diversity, can be interplanted with fruit tree konjaku, mulberry tree konjaku
Interplanting, the interplanting of corn konjaku or kind, corn intercrop konjaku plants konjaku between corn when breeding ganoid konjaku taro between 14 when breeding commodity taro
It is advisable between 16, is finally using continuous cropping zero tillage in 2 years, it is suitable for thin planting that First Year, which plants sub- taro, and current year does not harvest, next year
The intertillage managements such as weeding, fertilising, application are carried out, are harvested in due course after plant sprout tumble；
B. the prevention and treatment of konjaku crop field soft rot
Prevention and treatment konjak soft rot should take the low ditch planting type of high moisture in the soil, and trench digging reason moisture in the soil, enables plot drainage waterlogging prevention from high to low, close
Manage dense planting；It was found that insect pest occurs sprays corresponding insect prevention medical fluid immediately；Using culture underglasses such as straw, pine tags, in intertillage management mistake
Cheng Zhong, weeding avoid being rooted out with machinery, the operations such as fertilising, weeding, spray preferably select under fine day as far as possible using mode is pulled out by hand
Noon cannot damage konjaku plant, should spray diseases prevention medical fluid after intertillage immediately；Insect prevention medicine should be applied according to insect pest should mutually special efficacy
Deinsectization pesticide, disease-proofing pesticide are 800 times of liquid of 2500 times of 72% agricultural streptomycin or 50% ambam or 40% anti-wither chemical wettable
750 times of liquid of pulvis；Every 7-10 days 1 time, continuous spraying 3-5 times；
The prevention and treatment of konjak soft rot when c. harvesting
Recovery process infects the infection links such as the division of labor again has contagion, classification infects, transport infects, and should take the essence in harvesting
The heart, which is received, to be dug, and is not injured konjac tuber as far as possible, has first been picked up when being classified after receipts, after to pick up disease bad, rotten, i.e., classification when to greatest extent
Ground reduction adheres to germ, preventing spread of disease infection on hand；
D. the prevention and treatment of ganoid konjaku taro storage process soft rot
The reason of storage konjac seed causes germina infection is that ground contacting portion is divulged information not when not drying sufficiently, store before storing
The factors such as smooth, should sufficiently dry before storage in open country, dry the time 5-7 days, be stored in bamboo fence, straw mat, or spread on ground
One layer of straw, wheat straw guarantee ground contacting portion well-ventilated, and periodically open door and window ventilation, with more bacterium after ventilation
The cigarettes Chinese fuming drugss object such as spirit seals fumigation disinfection；Medicine bag storage is covered, selects control efficiency good, the stable high-efficiency low-toxicity sterilization of physicochemical character
Agent after preparing concentration, is added certain coagulator, is applied on the scraps of paper with machinery, medicine bag is made, ganoid konjaku taro is put into medicine bag,
Pathogen inside and outside ganoid konjaku taro can be directly killed, is suitable for allocation and transportation and ganoid konjaku taro is stored in room；Pathogen can be directly killed using diseases prevention medicine bag,
It is allocated and transported safely conducive to ganoid konjaku taro, avoids ganoid konjaku taro from mutually infecting, and the drug effect phase is long；
E. the prevention and treatment of ganoid konjaku taro transportational process soft rot
Transportational process causes the reason of germina infection mainly to stack excessively high and taro kind is not dried sufficiently, and moisture content is big, ventilation
Ventilative poor, sick taro is rotted in the case where squeezing jounce condition, and sick liquid stream is moved and causes to infect, and should be stacked transporting layered, and every layer with one
It arranges high 50cm bamboo basket and fills with and pile, should be unloaded immediately after arriving at the destination, spread out and dissipate sunning, the conditional best sorting in place
Dry storage or sowing again by soaking disinfection；
F. ganoid konjaku taro processing prevention and treatment soft rot
The approach of germina infection is picked up kind, is soaked seed, drying insufficient, utensil and the links such as be recycled when planting konjaku again, is answered
Taken when picking up kind it is first good after it is bad, liquor strength is had to enough when seed soaking, is soaked seed, is soaked again after dissolving drug with clean water every time
Dry 1-2 days after kind, utensil discovery have konjaku it is rotten after trace should be dried immediately with medical fluid is clean after the methods of reuse；
(8) harvest: harvesting is premature higher than timely collecting water content, and the water content of later harvesting is low；Collecting time generally exists
It harvests within 10~20 days after the normal sprout tumble of konjaku, harvests ganoid konjaku taro moisture weight too early, be not easy to store；After carrying out ganoid konjaku taro classification when harvesting,
Basket dress ganoid konjaku taro saves.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112772313A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-11 | 富源县金地魔芋种业有限公司 | Ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by interplanting konjak and selfheal |
| CN113615526A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-11-09 | 山东省农业科学院 | Saline-resistant waterlogging-preventing concave-convex cultivation method for cotton in coastal saline-alkali land |
| CN113661881A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-11-19 | 宣汉县农业科学研究所 | Efficient interplanting planting method for oriental cherry trees and konjac |
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| CN112772313A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-11 | 富源县金地魔芋种业有限公司 | Ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by interplanting konjak and selfheal |
| CN113615526A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-11-09 | 山东省农业科学院 | Saline-resistant waterlogging-preventing concave-convex cultivation method for cotton in coastal saline-alkali land |
| CN113661881A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-11-19 | 宣汉县农业科学研究所 | Efficient interplanting planting method for oriental cherry trees and konjac |
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