CN109219633B - 纤维素基薄膜结构及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
根据本发明的一个实施例方面,提供了一种通过向该过程引入强力除水系统来制备纤维素基薄膜的成本效益好的方法,以及具有改进性能的纤维素基薄膜。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过采用新型强力除水系统制备具有低的生产和投资成本的优质纤维素基薄膜的方法,以及通过这种方法制备的改进薄膜。
背景技术
为了制备优质的CNF/CMF薄膜,应采用低铸固体含量来浇铸薄膜。因此,需要从纤维网中除去大量的水。通常,过量的水通过蒸发去除,并且由于固体含量低,这导致生产线的高的投资和操作成本。如果通过真空或压制去除水,膜结构附着在织物上,并且由于低的薄膜强度性能,膜结构在从织物网上脱离时会受损。
现有技术中最接近的技术涉及PVA或LCD薄膜浇铸生产线,其中通过采用镜面抛光的金属带并且采用热空气加热。例如,美国专利4124677描述了一种制备聚乙烯醇薄膜的方法,Siemann(2005)描述了溶剂浇铸的典型方法。这些传统技术的问题在于用热空气加热金属带是低效的并且导致高的生产和投资成本。例如,制备热空气是昂贵的,而且空气不能将足够的热量传递给金属带。空气传热到金属带也是不均匀的,这导致了制备过程和所得产品的困难。
因此,需要新颖且有效的,消耗较少的能量并从例如纳米纤维素来制备商业上可用的优质薄膜的方法。
发明内容
本发明由独立权利要求的特征限定。一些具体的实施方式在从属权利要求中限定。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供了一种通过引入新型强力除水系统来制备连续纤维素纳米纤维(CNF)或纤维素微纤维(CMF)薄膜的方法。
根据本发明的第二方面,本发明提供了用于改善所制备的CNF或CMF薄膜的质量的方法。
如下文所述和所限定的,本发明实现了这些和其他方面以及其超过已知方法的优点。
根据本发明一个实施方式,该方法主要特征是权利要求1的特征部分所述的内容。
根据本发明一个实施方式,该薄膜材料的主要特征是权利要求11所述的内容。
通过本发明的方法获得了相当大的优点。本文提供了一种新的解决方案,其中薄膜优选在浇铸之前、之后或同时进行强化,之后施加强力除水。这些步骤导致薄膜生产投资和操作成本的显著降低,并且还导致薄膜强度和质量性能的改善。例如,生产线可以在本质上比传统方法制备得更短,并且由于在实际的干燥步骤之前除去了大量的水分,通常用于干燥产品的能量可以显著降低。所得到的最终产品也具有更好的质量并且易于从支撑材料上脱离下来。
接下来,将参考某些实施方式更加详细地描述本技术。
具体实施方式
本技术描述了一种制备CNF或CMF薄膜的新方法,其中薄膜优选地被强化并且采用强力除水。
图1是简化的工艺方案,包括1)浇铸,2)金属带的可调节蒸汽加热,3)可调节的冲击干燥,和4)网卷取机。
图2是描述生产线的另一种可能外形的简化工艺方案,其中部分1)制备强化层,部分2)负责CNF或CMF层浇铸,在部分3)中两层结合并除去水,和部分4)包括网干燥和所制备薄膜的平滑化。
图3是描述金属带压制和干燥机器的简化工艺方案,所述机器具有新的加热和压制室以及用于CNF或CMF薄膜制备的有效干燥。
图4显示了在金属带上制备的两个薄膜的对比图像,其中带的表面未经处理(a)和(b)已经过处理。在(a)中,当薄膜干燥时薄膜的边缘撕裂,并且当从支撑体上脱离时,粘附力(3-5N/m)导致薄膜损坏。在(b)中,边缘是干净的,样品从支撑物上脱离而没有损坏(粘附力为1-3N/m)。根据本发明的优选实施方案,制备连续纤维素纳米纤维(CNF)或纤维素微米纤维(CMF)薄膜的方法包括以下步骤:
-将CNF或CMF材料层浇铸到总长度为10到150m的金属带、织物或毡上,
-通过强力除水系统除去CNF或CMF材料中至少30%的水分,和
-最后干燥并卷取成型薄膜。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,金属带、织物或毡的总长度为10至50m,或甚至更短。短浇铸生产线可以进一步节省投资成本,并且已证实仍然可以产生所需的产品。
根据本发明的另一实施方式,该方法中使用的强力除水系统包括以下步骤(a)至(c):
(a)在CNF或CMF材料与金属带、织物或毡接触前升高浆料温度,达到CNF或CMF浆料干燥度为5至30%,温度为30至90℃,
(b)在CNF或CMF材料与金属带、织物或毡接触后,立即加热低压脉冲进行温和除水,达到CNF或CMF干燥度20至50%,和
(c)在薄膜与金属带接触后,立即从金属带下方对金属带加热,同时在浇铸后从金属带上方施加冲击干燥,
中的一个或多个或(a)、(b)和(c)的任何组合。
优选的是,例如在低压蒸汽室中,加热介质是蒸汽而不是例如空气。通过冷凝传递蒸汽热量,使得与空气传热相比热量分布更均匀。
所述冲击干燥包括至少第一吹气速度和第二吹气速度,其中第一吹气速度小于第二吹气速度。合适的第一吹气速度可以是例如10-30m/s,而第二吹气速度可以是例如30-100m/s。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,强力除水系统能够在最终干燥之前除去CNF或CMF材料中超过30%,优选30至50%的水分含量。
根据本发明的另一个实施方式,在浇铸之前、之后或同时,在CNF或CMF材料的顶部制备强化层。强化层由比CNF或CMF材料更长的纤维组成。所述纤维可以是纤维素纤维,例如纤维素纳米纤维,但也可以使用其他纤维,其长度优选为0.1-1mm。
根据本发明的另一实施方式,强化层需要至少一种填充材料,其与纤维一起提供紧密结构。本发明的特征还在于强化层比CNF或CMF层薄。然而,优选的是,与CNF或CMF层相比,强化层的长纤维含量更大,以实现所需的湿/干强度。
当引入较长的纤维时,可以大大提高网的湿/干强度和拉伸性。较长的纤维可以延伸和拉直,这改善了网的处理和进一步加工性能。另一方面,较长的纤维在除水期间不会粘附并渗透到毡或织物结构中,因此可以用较小的力从织物表面上剥离网,这导致更好的网质量。
填充材料需要分布均匀才能填充纤维的孔隙,使CNF或CMF层与强化层的整合最小化,从而使CNF或CMF层保持较薄。这可以降低材料成本,因为通常CNF或CMF是薄膜结构中最昂贵的部分。一种合适的填充材料的例子是岩石。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,强化层可调节为5至30μm的厚度,CNF层可调节为10至100μm的厚度。然而,强化层不一定是必需的,但已表明其可以提高最终产品的质量。
可以采用金属带表面以产生不同类型的网和其他产品。不同的产品需要对金属带表面的不同粘附力。为了调节粘附力,需要可控的表面和/或涂层,优选具有良好的耐磨性。通过控制表面粘附力,可以改善网性能和机器运行性能。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,金属带的表面已经被粗糙化并且可能进一步涂覆有具有可控疏水性和耐磨填料的柔性材料。在将涂层施加到金属带表面上之前,金属带的表面可以例如通过研磨和/或爆破而粗糙化至Ra为1-3μm,Rz为1-20μm的值。一种合适的涂层包括含氟聚合物颗粒。采用涂层材料后,需要进行抛光。一种合适的抛光值是Ra为0.01-1μm,Rz为0.1-8μm,这取决于预期的最终用途和所需的粘附性能。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方式,薄膜和金属带之间的粘附力可调节至0.5-5N/m。重要的是调整粘附力,使得即使生产线高速运转,在制备过程中网仍保持附着于金属带上,但是当收集网并转移到进一步处理时,网需要从带表面轻轻地脱离而不会损坏网。本发明的发明人已经发现了如上所述的粘附水平并实现了所需效果的结果。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,使用织物或毡代替金属带。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,在将CNF或CMF材料层浇铸到织物或毡上之后,根据例如图2将膜转移到金属带上以进行强力除水。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中,织物或毡包含至少两层直径在1至2000μm的纤维,彼此叠置。另外,毡可包含至少一种直径小于纤维的碎木片。织物的厚度优选为1至4mm,毡的厚度优选为2至6mm。织物的透气性优选为至少300cfm,并且在非加压空间中,在100Pa下毡的透气性优选为至少1m3/m2/min。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,面向CNF或CMF层的织物或毡层比织物或毡的另一侧更致密和/或具有更小的开口体积。
根据本发明的另一实施方式,可以应用于高速运转的过程。对于基重为20-200g/m2且宽度为3-10m的薄膜结构,这样的速度可以是例如超过500m/min,或者甚至更高。
应该理解,本发明公开的实施方式不限于本文公开的具体结构、工艺步骤或材料,而是可扩展至如相关领域的普通技术人员将认识到的等同物。还应该理解,这里采用的术语仅用于描述特定实施方案的目的,而不是限制性的。
本说明书中对一个实施方式或某一实施方式的引用意味着与该实施方式有关的描述的特定特点、结构或特征包含在本发明的至少一个实施方式中。因此,贯穿本说明书在各个地方出现的短语“在一个实施方式中”或“在某一实施方式中”不一定是指同一实施方式。在使用术语(例如,大约或基本上)参考数值的情况下,还公开了精确的数值。
如本文所使用的,为方便起见,可以在同一列表中呈现多个项目、结构元素、组成元素和/或材料。但是,这些列表应该被解释为列表中的每个成员都被标识为一个独立且独特的成员。因此,这个列表的任何个体成员都不应仅仅根据其在一个共同小组中的呈现且没有相反的指示而被解释为同一个列表中的任何其他成员的事实上的等同物。另外,本发明的各种实施方式和实施例可结合其各种组分的替代方案。应当理解,这些实施方式、实施例和替代方案不被解释为彼此的事实上的等同物,而是被认为是本发明的单独和自主的代表。
此外,所描述的特点、结构或特性可以在一个或多个实施式中以任何合适的方式组合。在以下描述中,提供了许多具体细节,例如长度、宽度、形状等的示例,以提供对本发明实施例的透彻理解。然而,相关领域的技术人员将认识到,可以在没有一个或多个具体细节的情况下或者利用其他方法、成份、材料等来实践本发明。在其他情况下,未详细示出或描述公知的结构、材料或操作以避免模糊本发明的各方面。
虽然前述实施例是在一个或多个特定应用中的本发明原理的说明,然而在没有创造性的能力和不脱离本发明的原理和概念的情况下对形式、使用和实施细节的大量修改对于本领域普通技术人员将是显而易见的。因此,除了根据下面提出的权利要求之外,并不意图限制本发明。
动词“包含”和“包括”在本文中用作开放限制,其既不排除也不要求存在未记载的特征。除非另有明确说明,否则从属权利要求中所述的特征可相互自由组合。此外,应理解,在本文中使用“一个”或“一个”,即单数形式,其并不排除多个。
本文中的薄膜一词还涉及其他可能的网类型,如纤维网(纸、纸巾、木板)、膜、印刷电子平台、复合材料等。
工业实用性
本发明的至少一些实施方式在涉及薄膜制备和包装工业的领域中发现了工业用途,例如用于阻隔应用、膜、医疗或食品包装用途、汽车应用和印刷电子产品。
实施例
实施例1-在浇铸之前制备纤维素纳米纤维材料
将具有4-20%固体的CNF/CMF材料浆料与拉伸性和粘附性改进添加剂(例如山梨糖醇、胶料(sizes)和淀粉)混合。通过压力过滤和真空混合从浆料中除去部分水和/或气泡,以在浇铸之前达到5-30%的固体含量。与该步骤结合,通过采用蒸汽加热可以将浆料的温度提高到40-90℃以改善材料流动性、除水性、均匀性和快速蒸发性质。
实施例2-强化层的制备
将CNF/CMF薄膜层精确浇铸在金属带表面上。强化材料层通过在CNF/CMF层上精确浇铸和/或将强化材料压入透水织物上来制造,通过该方法利用真空和/或挤压元件将多余的水分除去来形成强化层。强化材料主要由0.1-1mm长的纤维和可能的填充材料以及可能的强化添加剂(例如胶料、淀粉和山梨糖醇)组成。为了制备强化薄膜,在强力除水阶段之前或之后,将强化层和CMF/CNF薄膜层结合。胶料或其他添加剂可以一起用于层间连接,以改善所形成的强化薄膜的性能。
实施例3-金属带的表面处理以用于可控的网粘附
金属带表面用磨石或带处理,形成大体上机器方向或相对于机器方向呈5-50°角,所述机器方向的凹槽深度和宽度为0.01-20μm。通过改变凹槽的数量、尺寸和方向来调节金属带和网之间的粘附力。除了先前之外,研磨表面涂覆有1-50μm涂层厚度的具有可控的疏水性和耐磨填料柔性材料。涂覆的表面也可以研磨至Ra为0.01-1μm的表面粗糙度,其中最终表面由金属(研磨金属带表面顶部区域)和疏水涂层(研磨金属带表面凹槽底部区域)组成。将薄膜和金属带之间的粘附力调节到0.5-5N/m的水平。
实施例4-制备纤维素纳米纤维薄膜的方法
通过包括以下一个或多个步骤的方法制备CNF/CMF薄膜:
-通过加压过滤和连续剪切力混合方法和/或蒸汽加热浆料来进行浇铸前的除水和/或CNF/CMF温度升高,以达到5-30%的浇铸固体,
-在MD和CD方向上采用精确控制的浇铸单元头在金属带上形成均匀的薄膜层,
-金属带由可调的低压蒸汽加热,其中蒸汽在金属带的后表面上冷凝,加热的起始点接近金属带上浇铸薄膜的点,
-通过一个有效长度至少为1米的低压和蒸汽加热除水区从薄膜中除水,
-通过可调节的冲击干燥从薄膜中除去水,其中薄膜固体含量低于40%时,空气速度为10-30m/s,固体含量高于40%时,空气速度为30-100m/s,
-采用与薄膜接触的平滑辊来使薄膜平滑并调整厚度轮廓,其中所述平滑辊相对金属带设置或在一个步骤中在金属带干燥后设置一对平滑辊,
-在金属带干燥步骤之后将薄膜脱离或卷起。
引用列表
专利文献:
US 4124677
非专利文献:
Ulrich Siemann,Solvent cast technology–a versatile tool for thin filmproduction,Progr Colloid Polym Sci(2005),vol.130,pp.1-14,DOI:10.1007/b107336
Claims (12)
1.一种制备连续纤维素纳米纤维(CNF)或纤维素微纤维(CMF)薄膜的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
-将CNF或CMF材料层浇铸到总长度为10到150m的金属带、织物或毡上,
在浇铸之前、之后或同时,在所述CNF或CMF材料的顶部制备强化材料层,其中,强化材料层由比CNF或CMF材料更长的纤维和至少一种填充材料组成,其中所述强化材料层比CNF或CMF层薄;
-通过强力除水系统除去CNF或CMF材料中至少30%的水分,其中,所述强力除水系统包括以下步骤(a)和(c),以及任选地步骤(b):
(a)在CNF或CMF材料与金属带、织物或毡接触前升高浆料温度,达到CNF或CMF浆料干燥度为5至30%,温度为30至90℃,
(b)在CNF或CMF材料与金属带、织物或毡接触后,立即加热低压脉冲进行温和除水,达到CNF或CMF干燥度20至50%,和
(c)在薄膜与金属带接触后,立即从金属带下方对金属带加热,同时在浇铸后从金属带上方施加冲击干燥;以及
-最后干燥并卷取成型薄膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述加热介质是蒸汽。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述冲击干燥至少包括第一吹气速度和第二吹气速度,其中所述第一吹气速度小于所述第二吹气速度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述强化材料层由长度为0.1至1mm的纤维制备,所述强化材料层的厚度可调节为5至30μm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述金属带的表面已经被粗糙化和/或涂覆有具有可控疏水性和耐磨填料的柔性材料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,在施加包括含氟聚合物颗粒的涂层之前,将所述金属带的表面粗糙化至Ra为1-3μm,Rz为1-20μm,并且所采用的涂层抛光至Ra为0.01-1μm,Rz为0.1-8μm。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述薄膜和金属带之间的粘附力可调节至0.5-5N/m。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述CNF或CMF薄膜至少以500m/min的速度制备。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述CNF/CMF材料浆料的固体含量为4-20%。
10.由权利要求1至9中任一项所述方法制备的CNF或CMF薄膜,所述薄膜的厚度为10-100μm,其包括强化材料层,其中所述强化材料层
-由比CNF或CMF材料层更长的纤维和至少一种填充材料组成,
-比CNF或CMF材料层薄,
-厚度为5至20μm,以及
-包括长度为0.1至1mm的纤维。
11.根据权利要求10所述的CNF或CMF薄膜,其中所述强化材料层包含纤维素纤维。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的CNF或CMF薄膜在阻隔、膜、医疗和食品包装、汽车以及印刷电子产品应用中的用途。
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US11661703B2 (en) | 2023-05-30 |
US20210301464A1 (en) | 2021-09-30 |
US20200325626A1 (en) | 2020-10-15 |
CN109219633A (zh) | 2019-01-15 |
WO2018007673A1 (en) | 2018-01-11 |
EP3478753A1 (en) | 2019-05-08 |
FI20165559A (fi) | 2018-01-05 |
CA3023674A1 (en) | 2018-01-11 |
US11047091B2 (en) | 2021-06-29 |
FI127590B (en) | 2018-09-28 |
EP3478753A4 (en) | 2020-01-22 |
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