CN109207200A - 精炼厂防垢剂方法 - Google Patents
精炼厂防垢剂方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109207200A CN109207200A CN201810694307.4A CN201810694307A CN109207200A CN 109207200 A CN109207200 A CN 109207200A CN 201810694307 A CN201810694307 A CN 201810694307A CN 109207200 A CN109207200 A CN 109207200A
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- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003873 salicylate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
通过将添加剂组合添加到用于精炼工艺的粗制烃中来减少烃精炼工艺中的结垢,所述添加剂组合包含:(A)聚烯基取代的羧酸或酸酐,和(B)过碱性金属烃基取代羟基苯甲酸盐清净剂,其中(A)与(B)的质量:质量比在10:1‑1:10的范围内,和所述添加剂组合的处理率按质量计在5‑1000ppm的范围内。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及减少粗制烃精炼组件结垢的添加剂,和使用所述添加剂的方法和系统。
背景技术
石油精炼厂由于结垢和由所述结垢引起的所伴随低效率而承担显著的额外能源成本。更具体地说,传热设备,例如换热器中的原油、共混物和馏分的热加工被可能存在于原油中的不溶性沥青质及其它污染物(例如,粒子和盐)的沉积阻碍。另外,当暴露于高的加热器管表面温度时,沥青质及其它有机物可能热降解成焦炭。
接收石油型工艺料流的换热器中的结垢可能由许多机理产生,包括所述料流中存在的不溶性杂质的化学反应、腐蚀、沉积,和由于工艺料流和换热器壁之间的温度差(ΔT)而导致不溶解的材料的沉积。例如,天然存在的沥青质能从原油工艺料流中沉淀,热降解而形成焦炭并粘附到热表面上。另外,当将工艺料流引导至加热器管表面时,传热操作中出现的所述高ΔT导致高表面或皮层温度,这促进不溶性颗粒的沉淀。结垢的另一个常规起因可归因于原油料流中盐、粒子和杂质(例如无机污染物)的存在。例如,氧化铁/硫化铁、碳酸钙、氧化硅、氯化钠和氯化钙都被发现直接附着于结垢的加热器杆的表面并在整个焦炭沉积期间如此。这些固体促使和/或导致粗制油的额外结垢。
传热设备中的不溶性沉积物的累积产生不希望的绝缘效果并降低传热效率。结垢还减小工艺设备的横截面面积,这降低流速和合意的压差而提供低于最佳的运行。为了克服这些缺点,通常使传热设备离线并机械清洁或化学清洁,这导致生产时间的损失。
因此,仍需要减少粒子和沥青质在受热表面的沉淀/粘附以防止结垢,并在所述沥青质热降解或焦化之前。这将改进传热设备的性能,减少或排除为了减轻结垢的计划停机,并降低与加工活动相联系的能源成本。
本领域描述了添加聚烷基琥珀酸衍生物添加剂,即琥珀酰亚胺,以减少结垢。参见例如,US-A-5,368,777和WO-A-2011/014215。然而仍需要进一步改进防结垢性能。
此外,WO-2014/123736-A2描述了抑制暴露于流体烃或石化料流的系统的构件上的结垢的防垢剂组合物和方法,其中所述防垢剂组合物可以包含至少一种多亚烷基酸酐酯分散剂和烷基磷酸酯酚酯。
发明内容
本发明提供防结垢性能方面的改进。
因此,在第一个方面中,本发明提供减少烃精炼工艺中的结垢的方法,包括提供用于精炼工艺的粗制烃;和向所述烃中添加添加剂组合,所述添加剂组合包含:
(A)聚烯基取代的羧酸或酸酐,和
(B)分散在稀释剂中的过碱性金属烃基取代羟基苯甲酸盐清净剂,
其中(A)与(B)的质量:质量比在10:1-1:10,例如3:1-1:3的范围内,和所述添加剂组合的处理率按质量计在5-1000ppm的范围内。
在第二个方面中,本发明提供精炼烃的系统,包括:
(C)至少一个粗制烃精炼组件;和
(D)与所述至少一个精炼组件流体连通的粗制烃,所述粗制烃含有本发明第一个方面中限定的添加剂组合。
在第三个方面中,本发明提供本发明第一个方面中限定的添加剂组合在粗制烃中的用途,用于减少所述粗制烃在烃精炼工艺中使用期间的结垢。
具体实施方式
定义
出于说明而非限制性目的提供以下定义。
"结垢"一般性地指不希望的材料在加工设备等的表面上的积聚。
"粒子引起的结垢"一般性指主要由可变量的有机或无机粒子的存在导致的结垢。有机粒子(例如沉淀的沥青质和焦炭颗粒)包括,但不限于,在工艺条件(例如温度、压力或浓度)改变或原料流组成(例如由于发生化学反应)改变时从溶液沉淀析出的不溶性物质。无机粒子包括但不限于氧化硅、氧化铁、硫化铁、碱土金属氧化物、氯化钠、氯化钙及其它无机盐。这些粒子的一个主要来源由脱盐和/或其它粒子除去工艺期间的不完全固体清除产生。固体通过改变传热设备的表面积而由于物理效应促使粗制油和共混物的结垢,而使得在壁温度下的滞留时间更长并引起由沥青质和/或(一种或多种)原油形成焦炭。
"烷基"是指不含双键或三键并以支化链或直链排布的一价烃基。
"亚烷基"是指不含双键或三键并以支化链或直链排布的二价烃基。
"烯基"是指含一个或多个双键并以支化链或直链排布的一价烃基。
"PIB"是指聚异丁烯,既包括正常或"常规"聚异丁烯,也包括高度反应性聚异丁烯(HRPIB)。
对是特定聚合物(例如,聚丙烯、聚(乙烯-共聚-丙烯)或PIB)的基团的提及涵盖主要含相应单体连同沿着聚合物链的可忽略量的其它取代物和/或插入物的聚合物。换言之,对是聚丙烯基团的基团的提及不要求所述基团由100%丙烯单体构成而没有任何连接基、取代物、杂质或其它取代基(例如亚烷基或亚烯基取代基)。此类杂质或其它取代基可以按相对次要量存在,只要它们与以100%纯度含相应的聚合物取代基的相同添加物相比不影响所述添加物的工业性能。
"烃基"是指衍生自烃的任何一价基团,包括一价烷基、芳基和环烷基。
"粗制烃精炼组件"一般性指精炼粗制烃的工艺(例如炼油厂工艺)的设备或装置,它们对或可能对结垢敏感。粗制烃精炼组件包括,但不限于,传热组件例如换热器、炉、原油预热器、炼焦器预热器、或任何其它加热器,FCC浆底部,脱丁烷塔交换器/塔,精炼厂设施中的其它进料/排出物交换器和炉内空气预热器,精炼厂设施中的火炬压缩器组件和石化设施中的蒸汽裂化器/重整器管。粗制烃精炼组件还可以包括其中可以进行传热的其它工具,例如分馏或蒸馏塔、洗涤器、反应器、液体夹套罐、管式蒸馏釜(pipestill)、炼焦器和减粘装置。应该理解的是,本文所使用的"粗制烃精炼组件"涵盖管子、管道、挡板及其它工艺传送机构,它们在上述粗制烃精炼组件中任一种的内部,至少部分构成上述粗制烃精炼组件中任一种和/或与上述粗制烃精炼组件中任一种直接流体连通。
当降低粒子粘附于受热设备表面的能力时,通常实现粒子引起的结垢的减少(或"降低"),从而减轻它们对促使(一种或多种)原油、共混物及其它精炼厂工艺料流结垢的影响。
在本说明书中,以下词语(如果和当使用时)具有下面给出的意义:
"活性成分"或"(a.i.)"是指不是稀释剂或溶剂的添加剂材料;
"包含"或任何同类语言说明存在指明的特征、步骤或整体或组分,但是不排除存在或添加一种或多种其它的特征、步骤、整体、组分或它们的组合;表达"由...构成"或"主要由...构成"或同类表达可以包括在"包含"或同类表述内,其中"主要由...构成"允许包括不显著影响其所应用的组合物的特性的物质;
"主要量"是指组合物的50质量%或更多,优选60质量%或更多,更优选70质量%或更多,甚至更优选80质量%或更多;
"次要量"是指组合物的少于50质量%,优选少于40质量%,更优选少于30质量%,甚至更优选少于20质量%;
"TBN"是指由ASTM D2896测量的总碱值。
另外,在本说明书中,如果和当使用时:
"钙含量"通过ASTM 4951测量;
"磷含量"根据ASTM D5185测量;
"硫酸盐灰分含量"根据ASTM D874测量;
"硫含量"根据ASTM D2622测量;
"KV100"是指通过ASTM D445测量的100℃运动粘度。
此外,应当理解,所使用的各种组分(基本的以及最佳的和常用的组分)可能在配制、储存或使用条件下反应并且本发明还提供由任何此类反应可获得或获得的产物。
另外,应该理解的是,本文给出的任何上限和下限量、范围和比例可以独立地组合。
聚烯基取代的羧酸或酸酐(A)
(A)可以占粗制烃的至少1-7质量%,优选2-6质量%。优选地,它占3-5质量%,甚至更优选4-5质量%。
它可以是单或多元羧酸的,优选二羧酸的。所述聚烯基优选具有8-400,例如8-100个碳原子。
在(A)内的示例性酸酐的通式可以描绘为
其中R1表示C8-C100支化或直链聚烯基。
所述聚烯基结构部分可以具有200-3000,优选350-950的数均分子量。
本发明中使用的酸酐的形成中用来产生聚烯基结构部分的合适烃或聚合物包括均聚物、互聚物或较低分子量烃。一类这样的聚合物包含乙烯和/或至少一种具有式H2C=CHR1的C3-C28α-烯烃的聚合物,其中R1是含1-26个碳原子的直链或支化链烷基,其中所述聚合物含有碳-碳不饱和官能,优选高程度的末端亚乙烯基不饱和官能。优选地,此类聚合物包含乙烯和至少一种上述式的α-烯烃的互聚物,其中R1是含1-18个碳原子,更优选1-8个碳原子,还更优选1-2个碳原子的烷基。因此,有用的α-烯烃单体和共聚单体包括,例如,丙烯、丁烯-1、己烯-1、辛烯-1、4-甲基戊烯-1、癸烯-1、十二碳烯-1、十三碳烯-1、十四碳烯-1、十五碳烯-1、十六碳烯-1、十七碳烯-1、十八碳烯-1、十九碳烯-1和它们的混合物(例如,丙烯和丁烯-1的混合物)。此类聚合物的示例是丙烯均聚物、丁烯-1均聚物、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、乙烯-丁烯-1共聚物、和丙烯-丁烯共聚物,其中所述聚合物含有至少一些末端和/或内部不饱和官能。优选的聚合物是乙烯和丙烯的不饱和共聚物和乙烯和丁烯-1的不饱和共聚物。所述互聚物可以含有次要量,例如0.5-5摩尔%的C4-C18非共轭二烯共聚单体。然而,优选的是所述聚合物仅包含α-烯烃均聚物,α-烯烃共聚单体的互聚物,以及乙烯和α-烯烃共聚单体的互聚物。所采用的聚合物的摩尔乙烯含量优选在0-80%,更优选0-60%的范围内。当丙烯和/或丁烯-1作为共聚单体与乙烯一起使用时,此类共聚物的乙烯含量最优选在15-50%之间,但是可以存在更高的或更低的乙烯含量。
这些聚合物可以如下制备:在包含至少一种金属茂(例如,环戊二烯基-过渡金属化合物)和铝氧烷化合物的催化剂体系存在下,使α-烯烃单体,或α-烯烃单体的混合物,或包含乙烯和至少一种C3-C28α-烯烃单体的混合物聚合。使用这种方法,可以提供其中聚合物链的95%或更多具有末端亚乙烯基型不饱和官能的聚合物。显示末端亚乙烯基不饱和官能的聚合物链的百分比可以通过FTIR光谱分析、滴定或C13NMR测定。后面这种类型的互聚物可以由式POLY-C(R1)=CH2表征,其中R1是C1-C26,优选C1-C18,更优选C1-C8,最优选C1-C2烷基(例如,甲基或乙基),其中POLY代表聚合物链。R1烷基的链长度将取决于为聚合中使用所选的共聚单体而改变。次要量的聚合物链可以含有末端乙烯基,即乙烯基不饱和官能,即POLY-CH=CH2,且聚合物的一部分可以含有内部单不饱和官能,例如POLY-CH=CH(R1),其中R1如上面所限定。这些末端不饱和互聚物可以通过已知的金属茂化学制备并且也可以如美国专利Nos.5,498,809;5,663,130;5,705,577;5,814,715;6,022,929和6,030,930中所述那样制备。
另一有用类别的聚合物是通过异丁烯和苯乙烯的阳离子聚合制备的聚合物。得自这一类别的常用聚合物包括通过使具有35至75质量%的丁烯含量,和30至60质量%的异丁烯含量的C4精炼厂料流在路易斯酸催化剂(例如三氯化铝或三氟化硼)存在下聚合而获得的聚异丁烯。用于制备聚-正丁烯的单体的优选来源是石油原料流例如残液II。这些原料在本领域中例如在美国专利No.4,952,739中进行了公开。聚异丁烯是最优选的主链,因为它可容易地通过由丁烯料流的阳离子聚合(例如,使用AlCl3或BF3催化剂)获得。此类聚异丁烯一般按沿着聚合物链布置的一个烯属双键/聚合物链的量含有残留不饱和官能。优选的实施方案使用由纯异丁烯料流或残液I料流制备的聚异丁烯以制备具有末端乙烯叉基烯烃的反应性异丁烯聚合物。优选地,这些聚合物(称为高度反应性聚异丁烯(HR-PIB))具有至少65%,例如,70%,更优选至少80%,最优选至少85%的末端乙烯叉基含量。此类聚合物的制备例如,在美国专利No.4,152,499中进行了描述。HR-PIB是已知的并且HR-PIB可以商品名称GlissopalTM(从BASF)和UltravisTM(从BP-Amoco)商购。
可以使用的聚异丁烯聚合物一般基于400-3000的烃链。聚异丁烯的制备方法是已知的。聚异丁烯可以通过卤化(例如氯化)、热"烯"反应,或通过自由基接枝使用催化剂(例如过氧化物)而官能化,如下所述那样。
可以使用上述三种方法中的任一种或它们的组合,以任何顺序,用产生羧酸酐的结构部分选择性地在聚合物或烃链上的碳-碳不饱和位点或无规地沿着链将所述烃或聚合物主链官能化。
使聚合物烃与不饱和羧酸酐反应和由此种化合物制备衍生物的方法公开在美国专利Nos.3,087,936;3,172,892;3,215,707;3,231,587;3,272,746;3,275,554;3,381,022;3,442,808;3,565,804;3,912,764;4,110,349;4,234,435;5,777,025;5,891,953;以及EP 0 382 450 B1;CA-1,335,895和GB-A-1,440,219中。如下所述用羧酸酐结构部分将所述聚合物或烃官能化:使用卤素辅助的官能化(例如氯化)方法或热"烯"反应,使所述聚合物或烃在导致官能结构部分或试剂(即酸酐)主要在碳-碳不饱和官能(也称为乙烯属或烯属不饱和官能)的部位加成到所述聚合物或烃链上的条件下反应。
选择性官能化可以如下所述通过将不饱和α-烯烃聚合物卤化,例如氯化或溴化到大约1-8质量%,优选3-7质量%氯或溴(基于聚合物或烃的重量)进行:让氯或溴在60-250℃,优选110-160℃,例如120-140℃的温度下通过所述聚合物0.5-10,优选1-7小时。然后使所述卤化聚合物或烃(下文中主链)与足够的能够为所述主链加上所需数目官能结构部分的单不饱和反应物,例如单不饱和羧酸类反应物,在100-250℃,通常180℃-235℃下反应0.5-10小时,例如3-8小时,以致所获得的产物将含有所需摩尔数的单不饱和羧酸类反应物/摩尔卤化主链。或者,将所述主链和单不饱和羧酸类反应物混合并加热,同时向热的材料添加氯气。
虽然氯化通常帮助增加起始烯烃聚合物与单不饱和官能化反应物的反应性,但是对于考虑用于本发明的一些聚合物或烃不是必要的,尤其是对于具有高端键含量和反应性的那些优选的聚合物或烃。优选地,因此,使所述主链和单不饱和官能度反应物(羧酸类反应物)在高温下接触以使初始热"烯"反应进行。烯反应是已知的。
可以通过各种方法使官能结构部分沿着聚合物链无规连接而将所述烃或聚合物主链官能化。例如,可以用单不饱和羧酸类反应物(如上所述)在自由基引发剂存在下接枝聚合物(在溶液中或以固体形式)。当在溶液中进行时,接枝在100-260℃,优选120-240℃的高温下进行。优选地,自由基引发的接枝将在含例如,1-50质量%,优选5-30质量%聚合物的矿物润滑油溶液中进行,基于初始总油溶液。
可以使用的自由基引发剂是过氧化物、氢过氧化物和偶氮化合物,优选沸点大于100℃且在接枝温度范围内热分解以提供自由基的那些。这些自由基引发剂的代表是偶氮丁腈、2,5-二甲基己-3-烯-2,5-双-叔丁基过氧化物和二枯烯过氧化物。当使用时,引发剂的量典型地为0.005-1wt%,基于反应混合物溶液的重量。通常,上述单不饱和羧酸类反应物材料和自由基引发剂按1.0:1-30:1,优选3:1-6:1的重量比范围使用。接枝优选在惰性气氛中,例如在氮气覆盖层下进行。所得的接枝聚合物的特征在于具有沿着聚合物链无规连接的羧酸(或衍生物)结构部分,应该理解的是,所述聚合物链的一些保持没有被接枝。上述自由基接枝可以用于本发明中使用的其它聚合物和烃。
用于将主链官能化的优选的单不饱和反应物包括单和二元羧酸材料,即,酸或酸衍生物材料,包括:(i)不饱和C4-C10二元羧酸,其中(a)羧基是邻位的(即,位于相邻碳原子上)和(b)所述相邻碳原子中至少一个,优选两个都是所述单不饱和官能的一部分;(ii)(i)的衍生物,例如(i)的酸酐或(i)的C1-C5醇衍生的单或二酯;(iii)单不饱和C3-C10单羧酸,其中所述碳-碳双键与羧基共轭,即具有结构-C=C-CO-;和(iv)(iii)的衍生物,例如(iii)的C1-C5醇衍生的单或二酯。也可以使用单不饱和羧酸类材料(i)-(iv)的混合物。在与主链反应后,单不饱和羧酸类反应物的单不饱和官能变得饱和。因此,例如,马来酸酐变成主链取代的琥珀酸酐,丙烯酸变成主链取代的丙酸。此类单不饱和羧酸类反应物的示例是富马酸、衣康酸、马来酸、马来酸酐、氯代马来酸、氯代马来酸酐、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸、肉桂酸和上述酸的低级烷基(例如,C1-C4烷基)酸酯,例如马来酸甲酯、富马酸乙酯和富马酸甲酯。
为了提供所要求的官能度,单不饱和羧酸类反应物,优选马来酸酐通常按摩尔当量量至100质量%过量,优选5-50质量%过量的量使用,基于聚合物或烃的摩尔数。可以从最终分散剂产物除去未反应的过量单不饱和羧酸类反应物,例如通过汽提进行,如果需要的话通常在真空下进行。
过碱性金属清净剂(B)
金属清净剂是基于所谓的金属"皂"的添加剂,即酸性有机化合物的金属盐,有时称为表面活性剂。它们一般包含具有长疏水性尾的极性头。包含中和的金属清净剂作为金属碱(例如碳酸盐)胶束的外层的过碱性金属清净剂可以如下提供:通过使过量的金属碱,例如氧化物或氢氧化物与酸性气体例如二氧化碳反应而包括大量的金属碱。清净剂的实例包括金属水杨酸盐、酚盐和水杨酸盐以及它们的组合。
在本发明中,过碱性金属清净剂(B)优选是过碱性金属烃基取代羟基苯甲酸盐,更优选烃基取代水杨酸盐清净剂。所述金属可以是碱金属(例如Li、Na、K)或碱土金属(例如Mg、Ca)。
"烃基"是指含有碳和氢原子并且经由碳原子与分子的其余部分键接的基团。它可以含有杂原子,即除碳和氢以外的原子,只要它们不改变该基团的基本上是烃的性质和特性。作为烃基的实例,可以提及烷基和烯基。优选的过碱性金属烃基取代羟基苯甲酸盐是烷基取代水杨酸钙并具有所示结构:
其中R是直链烷基。可能有多于一个R基团与苯环连接。所述COO-基团可以相对于羟基在邻、间或对位;邻位是优选的。R基团可以相对于羟基在邻、间或对位。
水杨酸典型地通过Kolbe-Schmitt方法将苯氧化物羧化来制备,并且在那种情况下,一般是与未羧化的苯酚混合获得(通常在稀释剂中)。水杨酸可以是未硫化的或硫化的,并且可以化学改性和/或含有其它取代基。将烷基水杨酸硫化的方法是本领域技术人员熟知的,并例如描述在US2007/0027057中。
烷基有利地含有5-100,优选9-30,特别是14-24个碳原子。
术语"过碱性"一般用来描述其中金属结构部分的当量数与酸结构部分的当量数之比大于1的金属清净剂。术语"低碱性"用来描述其中金属结构部分与酸结构部分的当量比大于1,且最高大约2的金属清净剂。
所谓的"表面活性剂的过碱性钙盐"是指其中油不溶性金属盐的金属阳离子基本上是钙阳离子的过碱性清净剂。少量的其它阳离子可以存在于油不溶性金属盐中,但是通常,油不溶性金属盐中的至少80摩尔%,更通常至少90摩尔%,例如至少95摩尔%的阳离子是钙离子。除钙以外的阳离子可以例如衍生自在过碱性清净剂的制造中使用的其中阳离子是钙以外的金属的表面活性剂盐。优选地,表面活性剂的金属盐也是钙。
碳酸化过碱性金属清净剂通常包含无定形的纳米颗粒。此外,本领域公开了纳米颗粒材料包含呈结晶方解石和球文石(vaterite)形式的碳酸盐。
清净剂的碱度可以表示为总碱值(TBN),有时称为碱值(BN)。总碱值是中和过碱性材料的所有碱度所需要的酸的量。可以使用ASTM标准D2896或等效程序测量TBN。清净剂可以具有低TBN(即TBN小于50),中TBN(即TBN为50-150)或高TBN(即TBN大于150,例如150-500)。碱度还可以表示为碱度指数(BI),其是过碱性清净剂中的总碱与总皂的摩尔比。
减少结垢的组合物
本发明的添加剂可以用于防止结垢的组合物中;所述组合物可以进一步含有疏水性油增溶剂和/或用于所述(一种或多种)添加剂的分散剂。此类增溶剂可以包括例如表面活性剂和/或羧酸增溶剂。
所述组合物还可以包括,例如,粘度指数改进剂、消泡剂、抗磨剂、破乳剂、抗氧化剂及其它腐蚀抑制剂。
实施例
将通过以下实施例说明本发明,但本发明不以任何方式局限于这些实施例。
组分
使用以下添加剂组分和油。
组分(A)
包含80%聚异丁烯琥珀酸酐("PIBSA")和20%呈SN150(第I组油)形式的稀释剂的组分,所述聚异丁烯琥珀酸酐衍生自具有950的数均分子量的聚异丁烯。
组分(B)
过碱性水杨酸钙清净剂,具有的碱度指数为8。
粗制燃料油
Basra重质(DIES1604959)、Enbridge(DIES1603291)和Cimarex(DIES1506105)按40%、10%和50%的相应百分比的共混物。
测试
使用150ml燃料油共混物样品进行测试,,燃料油共混物不含添加剂(作为对照),和按质量计含1000或500ppm如下表结果中所示的(一种或多种)添加剂组分,所述添加剂组分作为稀释产物(cutback)添加到所述共混物中。作为与现有技术的对比,使用琥珀酰亚胺添加剂进行测试,其包含PIBSA(1000MW)和四亚乙基五胺的反应产物(下表结果中称作PIBSAPAM)(42%ai和以KOH/g为单位的碱值44)。
所述测试使用5Rod JFTOT试验台试验,其目标是模拟精炼厂防垢剂性能。所述5Rod JFTOT是具有五个串联的独立加热试验段的仪器。每个试验段包括包裹在外钢套中的电阻加热钢杆,外钢套与所述杆电隔离。试验燃料样品在所述杆和所述夹套之间的腔中流动。在所述杆的中心点处控制所述杆温度,将其在整个试验期间维持恒定。
随着所述燃料流过所述热杆,它从所述杆吸收热;记录离开所述试验段的燃料的温度。
如果沉积物在所述杆表面上聚集,则它们降低从所述杆到燃料的传热效率,从而导致离开所述试验段的燃料的温度降低。
计算所述试验开始到结束之间燃料出口温度的差异,并对所有五个杆求和。数值越大表明温度差越大,因此结垢越多。
用125、195、235、275和315℃的相应杆温度进行试验6小时;并用120、160、200、240和280℃的相应杆温度进行试验5小时。
结果
结果表明,在两个试验中,本发明的添加剂组合((A)+(B)),1000ppm,1:1比例)都获得最佳防结垢结果,并且(A)和(B)协同作用。它们还显示本发明的添加剂组合获得比PIBSAPAM更好的结果。
比较测试
为了证实本发明的添加剂组合相对于代表了WO-2014/123736-A2("'736")的添加剂组合的令人意外的技术效果,使用以下添加剂组合进行上述5小时试验:
发明(A)如上PIBSA
(B)过碱性水杨酸钙,具有217-233的TBN、7.9-8.1质量%的金属含量和70%的a.i.。
对比 (A)对应于'736的[0029]段中描述的优选实施方案的PIBSA-季戊四醇(分子量2000-3000)。
(B)过碱性酚钙,具有250-265的TBN、9.2-9.8质量%的金属含量和57%的a.i.。
在这两种情况下,按3:1的(A):(B)之比和500ppm的处理率使用添加剂组合。
结果如下:
对照(0ppm添加剂) -62
发明 -8
对比 -20
这些结果表明,与对比相比,本发明令人惊讶地实现更好的防结垢结果。
Claims (13)
1.减少烃精炼工艺中的结垢的方法,包括提供用于精炼工艺的粗制烃;和向所述烃中添加添加剂组合,所述添加剂组合包含:
(A)聚烯基取代的羧酸或酸酐,和
(B)分散在稀释剂中的过碱性金属烃基取代羟基苯甲酸盐清净剂,
其中(A)与(B)的质量:质量比在10:1-1:10,优选3:1-1:3的范围内,和所述添加剂组合的处理率按质量计在5-1000ppm的范围内。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中在(A)中,所述聚烯基取代基具有8-400,优选12-100,更优选16-64个碳原子。
3.权利要求1或权利要求2的方法,其中,在(A)中,所述聚烯基取代基具有350-1000,优选500-1000的数均分子量。
4.权利要求1-3任一项中的方法,其中(A)是琥珀酸酐。
5.权利要求4的方法,其中(A)是聚异丁烯琥珀酸酐。
6.权利要求1-5任一项中的方法,其中,在(B)中,所述金属是钙。
7.权利要求1-6任一项中的方法,其中,在(B)中,所述烃基取代羟基苯甲酸盐是水杨酸盐。
8.权利要求1-7任一项中的方法,其中,在(B)中,所述烃基具有8-400,优选12-100,更优选16-64个碳原子。
9.权利要求1-8任一项中的方法,其中,在(B)中,所述清净剂具有150-500的TBN。
10.权利要求1-9任一项中的方法,其中所述结垢是粒子引起的结垢。
11.精炼烃的系统,包括:
(C)至少一个粗制烃精炼组件;和
(D)与所述至少一个精炼组件流体连通的粗制烃,所述粗制烃含有权利要求1-9任一项中所述的添加剂组合。
12.权利要求11的系统,其中所述精炼组件选自换热器、炉、原油预热器、炼焦器预热器、FCC浆底部、脱丁烷塔交换器、脱丁烷器塔、进料/排出物交换器、炉内空气预热器、火炬压缩器、蒸汽裂化器、蒸气重整器、蒸馏塔、分馏塔、洗涤器、反应器、液体夹套罐、pipeshill、炼焦器和减粘装置。
13.权利要求1-9任一项中所述的添加剂组合在粗制烃中的用途,用于减少在所述粗制烃在烃精炼工艺中使用期间的结垢。
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