CN109206592B - 一种水性封闭型聚异氰酸酯交联剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种水性封闭型聚异氰酸酯交联剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109206592B
CN109206592B CN201710541988.6A CN201710541988A CN109206592B CN 109206592 B CN109206592 B CN 109206592B CN 201710541988 A CN201710541988 A CN 201710541988A CN 109206592 B CN109206592 B CN 109206592B
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韦军
孙祥
吕剑伟
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Abstract

本发明公开了下式所示的一种水性封闭型聚异氰酸酯交联剂及其制备方法。首先以二异氰酸酯与醇酸类化合物反应制备端异氰酸酯基的线型聚氨酯预聚体，随后以封闭剂与预聚体进行反应，封闭掉部分活性的异氰酸酯基团，然后以封闭后的预聚体与乙烯胺类化合物的水溶液进行反应，最后以氨水中和，得到一种水性封闭型聚异氰酸酯交联剂。这种制备方法可很好的避免多官能度单体聚合时严重的凝胶化问题，所得产品的水分散性及其与水性树脂的相容性均较好，在木器漆、印花及皮革等领域有较高的应用前景。

Description

一种水性封闭型聚异氰酸酯交联剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料技术领域，具体涉及一种水性封闭型聚异氰酸酯交联剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
在现在工业的发展中，聚异氰酸酯交联剂在涂料、胶黏剂等领域占着举足轻重的地位，随着人们环保意识的提高，聚异氰酸酯交联剂逐渐用于纺织、橡胶、航天、汽车、造纸、化工设备等各个行业。传统的聚异氰酸酯交联剂的主要是利用二异氰酸酯与三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)、三乙醇胺(TEOA)或异氰酸酯三聚体与二羟基化合物反应制得，如T.F.Shen等(Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A:Pure and Applied Chemistry,2012,49,611-618)在70℃的条件下，以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚乙二醇(PEG)和TMP为原料，乙二醇单乙醚为封闭剂制得聚异氰酸酯交联剂，明显提高了涂膜的耐冲击和拉伸性能；顾国芳等(建筑学报,2002,5(4),364-369)在100℃的条件下，利用PEG和丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯对HDI三聚体进行改性，得到具有良好水分散性的多异氰酸酯，显著的提高了水性涂料的机械性能。但由于多羟基化合物的反应活较低，普遍存在反应温度较高，反应体系不稳定等缺点，而乙烯胺类化合物的反应活性较高，在室温条件下即可进行反应，大大降低反应能耗，且在水中进行支化反应，反应过程更易控制。目前，乙烯胺类化合物常用于合成聚酰胺树脂以及作为环氧固化剂使用，鲜有用于合成交联剂的报道。
发明内容
本发明从分子结构设计出发，首先将二异氰酸酯与醇酸类化合物反应，制得端异氰酸酯基(NCO)预聚体，然后将预聚体与适量封闭剂反应，封闭掉部分活性的NCO基团，得到线性半封闭聚合物，接着将半封闭聚合物加入含有一定量乙烯胺类化合物的水溶液中，以乙烯胺类化合物为核，利用NCO基团与乙烯胺类化合物及水的反应活性差异，有选择性地形成支化型网络结构，所得水性封闭型聚异氰酸酯交联剂在水性树脂中有良好的分散性，在木器漆、印花及皮革等领域有广阔的应用前景。
为解决现有技术问题，本发明采取的技术方案为：
一种水性封闭型聚异氰酸酯交联剂，具有如下结构式：
Figure BDA0001342817180000011
式中：
Figure BDA0001342817180000012
Figure BDA0001342817180000021
上述一种水性封闭型聚异氰酸酯交联剂的制备方法，全程在氮气保护下，搅拌进行，且各组分按质量份数计称取加入反应体系，具体包括以下步骤：步骤1，将20.0～28.0份有机溶剂和15.1～22.2份二异氰酸酯加入到四口烧瓶中，并升温至45～85℃；步骤2，于0.1～0.5h内将6.6～7.4份的醇酸类化合物滴加到体系中，保温反应1.0～3.0h至NCO含量达到理论值；步骤3，于0.1～0.5h加入3.8～4.8份的封闭剂，保温反应1.0～4.0h后，待NCO含量达到理论值；步骤4，将反应物加入含有1.4～1.9份乙烯胺类化合物的水溶液中，加料时间0.2～0.5h，反应0.5～2.0h至NCO含量为0，升至室温；步骤5，加入1.2～1.8份的氨水，搅拌0.1～0.5h，即可。
作为改进的是，实验过程中有机溶剂为丁酮、环己酮或1,4-二氧六环中一种。
作为改进的是，步骤1中二异氰酸酯为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯或甲苯二异氰酸酯中一种。
作为改进的是，步骤2中醇酸类化合物为二羟甲基丙酸或二羟甲基丁酸中一种。
作为改进的是，步骤3中封闭剂为自3,5-二甲基吡唑、甲乙酮肟或苯酚中一种。
作为改进的是，步骤4中乙烯胺类化合物为二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺或四乙烯五胺中一种。
本发明反应方程式为：
Figure BDA0001342817180000022
有益效果
本发明一种水性封闭型聚异氰酸酯交联剂的制备方法是利用二异氰酸酯与醇酸化合物以及封闭剂反应，形成半封闭型异氰酸酯封端的预聚体，然后利用乙烯胺类化合物支化，并以氨水中和，制备出水性封闭型聚异氰酸酯交联剂，在木器漆、印花及皮革等领域有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是水性封闭型聚异氰酸酯交联剂的红外光谱。
图2是水性封闭型聚异氰酸酯交联剂经130℃解封后的红外光谱。
具体实施方式
根据下述实施例，可以更好地理解本发明。然而，本领域的技术人员容易理解，实施例所描述的内容仅用于说明本发明，而不应当也不会限制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明。
实施例1
上述一种水性封闭型聚异氰酸酯交联剂的制备方法，全程在氮气保护下，搅拌进行，且各组分按质量份数计称取加入反应体系，具体包括以下步骤：步骤1，将28.0份环己酮和22.2份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯加入到四口烧瓶中，并升温至70℃；步骤2，于0.2h内将6.6份的二羟甲基丙酸分批加入体系中，保温反应1.0h；步骤3，于0.2h内分批加入4.8份的封闭剂，保温反应2.0h；步骤4，将反应物加入63.0份固含量为3％的四乙烯五胺水溶液中，加料时间0.2h，保温反应1.0h，升至室温；步骤5，加入1.8份的氨水，搅拌0.3h，即可。
实施例1得到一种水性封闭型聚异氰酸酯交联剂，常温贮藏时间超过6个月，固含量为30％，异氰酸酯含量为5.62％；FT-IR(KBr,cm-1)：3320(N-H)，2870(-CH3,-CH2-)，1720(C＝O)，1540(C-N)，1070(C-O-C)；图1是制得的水性封闭型聚异氰酸酯交联剂的红外光谱；图2是制得的水性封闭型聚异氰酸酯交联剂经130℃解封后的红外光谱。
实施例2
上述一种水性封闭型聚异氰酸酯交联剂的制备方法，全程在氮气保护下，搅拌进行，且各组分按质量份数计称取加入反应体系，具体包括以下步骤：步骤1，将20.0份丁酮和15.1份的六亚甲基二异氰酸酯加入到四口烧瓶中，并升温至70℃；步骤2，于0.2h内将7.4份的二羟甲基丁酸分批加入体系中，保温反应1.5h；步骤3，于0.3h内分批加入4.8份的封闭剂，保温反应2.0h；步骤4，将反应物加入47.0份固含量为3％的二乙烯三胺水溶液中，加料时间0.2h，保温反应1.0h，升至室温；步骤5，加入1.8份的氨水，搅拌0.3h，即可。
实施例2得到一种水性封闭型聚异氰酸酯交联剂，常温贮藏时间超过6个月，固含量为30％，异氰酸酯含量为6.31％。

Claims (3)

1.一种水性封闭型聚异氰酸酯交联剂，其特征在于其具有如下结构式：
Figure FDA0003015110710000011
式中：
Figure FDA0003015110710000012
Figure FDA0003015110710000013
Figure FDA0003015110710000014
m＝1,2,3。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种水性封闭型聚异氰酸酯交联剂的制备方法，其特征在于制备方法如下：以下均以质量份数表示，在氮气保护和机械搅拌作用下，将20.0～28.0份有机溶剂和15.1～22.2份二异氰酸酯加入到四口烧瓶中，在45～85℃条件下，于0.1～0.5h内将6.6～7.4份的醇酸类化合物滴加到体系中，保温反应1.0～3.0h至NCO含量达到理论值，然后于0.1～0.5h加入3.8～4.8份的封闭剂，保温反应1.0～4.0h后，待NCO含量达到理论值，将反应物加入含有1.4～1.9份乙烯胺类化合物的水溶液中，加料时间0.2～0.5h，反应0.5～2.0h，待NCO含量为0时，加入1.2～1.8份的氨水，搅拌0.1～0.5h，得到水性封闭型聚异氰酸酯交联剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种水性封闭型聚异氰酸酯交联剂的制备方法，其特征是有机溶剂选自丁酮、环己酮或1,4-二氧六环。
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