CN109197008B - Method for treating and improving saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for treating and improving saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN109197008B CN109197008B CN201811217958.0A CN201811217958A CN109197008B CN 109197008 B CN109197008 B CN 109197008B CN 201811217958 A CN201811217958 A CN 201811217958A CN 109197008 B CN109197008 B CN 109197008B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating and improving saline-alkali soil, which has the technical scheme key points that the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing a soil conditioner and a soil conditioner, uniformly spreading the mixture on the surface of a saline-alkali land, standing, turning over the saline-alkali land, and then irrigating and discharging salt; wherein the soil conditioner comprises furfural residue, turf, animal waste, traditional Chinese medicine residue, sodium alginate, fulvic acid, a biological agent and water; the soil conditioner comprises phosphogypsum, calcium superphosphate, polyacrylamide, potassium monododecyl phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, sepiolite powder, diatomite, attapulgite, bamboo fiber, sodium lignosulfonate and water. According to the invention, the soil conditioner and the soil conditioner are applied to the saline-alkali soil, so that the salinity and the pH value of the soil are reduced, the soil fertility is increased, the soil structure is improved, the salt return condition of a plough layer is reduced, the emergence rate of crops is increased, and the treatment efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil treatment, in particular to a method for treating and improving saline-alkali soil.
Background
The saline-alkali soil refers to the soil with excessive soluble salt accumulated on the surface layer and harmful to the growth of crops; the factors such as climate conditions, geographical conditions, soil texture, unreasonable cultivation technology, high underground water level and the like can cause salinization of soil; the saline-alkali soil is mainly characterized by high alkalinity, high salinity and serious soil humus loss, so that most plants are difficult to survive in the saline-alkali soil, and the saline-alkali soil becomes an important factor for limiting the development of agriculture and animal husbandry.
At present, the saline-alkali soil treatment mainly comprises four aspects of physical improvement, water conservancy improvement, biological improvement and chemical improvement; the physical improvement mainly comprises soil layer improvement, including land leveling, deep ploughing and upturned soil sunning, micro-area soil improvement and other methods, but the methods have the problems of complex operation and high labor intensity; the water conservation improvement means that the salinity in the soil is taken away through water washing and leaching, so that the purpose of reducing the salinity of the soil is achieved, but the method needs a large amount of water, and the waste of water resources is caused; the biological improvement is to plant saline-alkali tolerant plants in saline-alkali soil, solidify the plants in the soil, reduce water and soil loss, and reduce the deposition of soluble salt so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the salt content of the soil; the chemical improvement is that soil conditioners such as gypsum, humic acid and the like are added into the saline-alkali soil to perform a complexing reaction with salt ions in the saline-alkali soil, and the salt ions are discharged along with irrigation water, so that the purpose of reducing the salt content of the soil is achieved.
Therefore, how to simply and efficiently treat the saline-alkali soil is a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for treating saline-alkali soil, which reduces the salinity and pH value of soil, increases the soil fertility, improves the soil structure, reduces the salt return condition of a plough layer, improves the emergence rate of crops and improves the treatment efficiency by applying a soil conditioner and a soil conditioner on the saline-alkali soil.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for treating saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing a soil conditioner and a soil conditioner, uniformly spreading the mixture on the surface of a saline-alkali land, and standing for 3-5 days, wherein the addition amount of the soil conditioner is 100-240 kg/mu;
(2) turning over the saline-alkali soil treated in the step (1), and standing for 1-2 days;
(3) then, irrigating water and discharging salt to the soil, wherein the irrigation amount is 20-30 cubic meters per mu per day and lasts for 1-2 days, so as to discharge salt in the soil; the soil conditioner comprises, by weight, 10-15 parts of furfural residues, 4-6 parts of grass peat, 20-25 parts of animal wastes, 10-12 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 5-7 parts of sodium alginate, 8-10 parts of fulvic acid, 0.05-0.07 part of a biological agent and 60-70 parts of water;
the soil conditioner comprises 45-50 parts of phosphogypsum, 6-10 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.2-0.4 part of polyacrylamide, 1-1.5 parts of potassium monododecyl phosphate, 2-4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 4-6 parts of sepiolite powder, 3-5 parts of kieselguhr, 2-3 parts of attapulgite, 2-4 parts of bamboo fiber, 0.5-1 part of sodium lignosulfonate and 80-90 parts of water.
By adopting the technical scheme, after the furfural residues, animal wastes, grass peat and traditional Chinese medicine residues are matched with sodium alginate and fulvic acid, decomposition of an organic fertilizer can be accelerated through decomposition of a biological microbial inoculum, generated organic acid can neutralize alkaline substances in saline-alkali soil, the pH value of the saline-alkali soil can be reduced, the organic matter content of the soil can be improved, the physicochemical properties of the soil can be improved, the water retention capacity of the soil can be enhanced, water evaporation can be reduced, the hardened soil condition can be reduced, the loosening degree of the soil can be improved, and the air permeability of the soil can be improved; and because the organic fertilizer belongs to wastes, the use of the organic fertilizer can reduce the production cost and realize the reutilization of resources.
The diatomite and the bamboo fiber in the soil conditioner are both porous structures, and can play a role in moisturizing, loosening soil and prolonging fertilizer efficiency time in soil; the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the bamboo fiber can improve the disease resistance of plants, promote the absorption of the plants on nutrients and improve the emergence rate of the plants; when the soil conditioner is used in combination with the soil conditioner, the defect of soil salinity increase caused by furfural residues can be overcome, the exchange efficiency of fulvic acid on sodium ions is improved, and the water retention performance of sepiolite powder and attapulgite on soil is improved, so that the treatment efficiency is improved.
The invention is further configured to: after the soil conditioner and the soil conditioner are uniformly mixed in the step (1), the mixture needs to be placed at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ to be continuously stirred for 10-15min, and then the mixture is scattered on the surface of the saline-alkali land.
By adopting the technical scheme, the soil conditioner and the soil conditioner are mixed and stirred at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ and the fermentation temperature of the soil conditioner is the same, so that the soil conditioner is better integrated with the soil, the content of soluble salt ions in the saline-alkali soil is reduced, and the physical property of the soil is improved.
The invention is further configured to: the stirring speed is 500-550 r/min.
By adopting the technical scheme, the stirring speed is 500-550r/min, which is beneficial to the mixing uniformity of the soil conditioner and the soil conditioner.
The invention is further configured to: the method for discharging salt in the step (3) comprises the following steps: digging a salt discharge ditch in soil, laying filter cloth in the salt discharge ditch, laying a layer of broken stone on the filter cloth, laying a salt discharge pipe on the broken stone layer, laying a layer of broken stone on the salt discharge pipe, wrapping the broken stone and the salt discharge pipe by using the filter cloth, laying a passenger soil layer on the salt discharge ditch, burying the salt discharge ditch, and leveling the ground surface.
By adopting the technical scheme, the broken stones are paved on the upper part and the lower part of the salt discharge pipe, so that the movement of the salt discharge pipe can be reduced; the salt discharge pipe and the broken stones are wrapped with the filter cloth, so that the salt discharge pipe can be prevented from being blocked by soil, and the salt discharge effect can be prevented from being influenced.
The invention is further configured to: the paving thickness of the broken stones is 8-10 cm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the gravel layers with the thickness of 8-10cm are paved on the upper and the lower parts of the salt discharge pipe, so that the position of the salt discharge pipe can be reduced to move when salt is discharged, the damage of the salt discharge pipe to a soil layer structure is reduced, and the salt discharge effect is improved.
The invention is further configured to: uniformly stirring 10-15 parts of furfural residues, 4-6 parts of turf, 20-25 parts of animal wastes, 10-12 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 5-7 parts of sodium alginate, 8-10 parts of fulvic acid and 60-70 parts of water, placing the mixture into a reaction tank, standing the mixture, turning the mixture for 2-3 times every day for 4-5 days when the temperature of the mixture reaches 60-65 ℃, then adding 0.05-0.07 part of biological bacteria agent into the mixture, and uniformly stirring the mixture.
By adopting the technical scheme, the biological agent is added after the organic fertilizer in the soil conditioner is accumulated and cured, so that the curing rate of the organic fertilizer can be improved, the treatment time of the saline-alkali soil is shortened, and the treatment efficiency is improved.
The invention is further configured to: according to parts by weight, 45-50 parts of phosphogypsum, 6-10 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.2-0.4 part of polyacrylamide, 1-1.5 parts of potassium monododecyl phosphate, 2-4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 4-6 parts of sepiolite powder, 3-5 parts of kieselguhr, 2-3 parts of attapulgite, 2-4 parts of bamboo fiber and 0.5-1 part of sodium lignosulfonate are uniformly mixed to obtain a premix, then 80-90 parts of water is added into the premix, and the soil conditioner is obtained after uniform mixing.
By adopting the technical scheme, the premix is uniformly mixed with the soil conditioner through water, and is favorable for improving the dispersibility of the premix in soil.
The invention is further configured to: the animal waste is wormcast.
By adopting the technical scheme, the wormcast has good air permeability, water drainage and high water holding capacity, the contact area of soil and air can be increased, and the hardening condition of the soil is reduced; the wormcast has a large surface area, so that the growth of beneficial microorganisms is promoted, the fertilizer efficiency is obvious, and negative damage to crops is avoided; the wormcast can reduce the pH value of the traditional Chinese medicine dregs, and the wormcast, the traditional Chinese medicine dregs and sodium lignosulfonate are used in a matching manner, so that the treatment effect on the salinity and alkalinity of the soil is more remarkable, and the absorption of plants to nutrient substances can be promoted.
The invention is further configured to: the biological agent is bacillus subtilis.
By adopting the technical scheme, the bacillus subtilis can well decompose furfural residues, wormcast and traditional Chinese medicine residues, increase soil fertility, promote plant growth and improve the treatment efficiency of saline-alkali soil.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the furfural residue, the wormcast, the peat and the traditional Chinese medicine dregs belong to organic fertilizers, contain nutrient elements and trace elements necessary for plants, can reduce the pH value of saline-alkali soil, improve the organic matter content of the soil, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, enhance the water retention capacity of the soil, reduce the hardening condition of the soil, improve the loosening degree of the soil and improve the air permeability of the soil; the organic fertilizer belongs to waste, so that the production cost can be reduced and the resource can be recycled;
2. sodium alginate is a natural polysaccharide, can provide nutrients for biological microbial agents, increases the activity of the biological microbial agents, can accelerate the decomposition of organic fertilizers, and improves the treatment efficiency;
3. when the soil conditioner is used in combination with the soil conditioner, the defect of soil salinity increase caused by furfural residues can be overcome; when the potassium monododecyl phosphate, the sodium lignosulfonate and the sodium alginate are used in a matching manner, the heavy metal pollution of soil can be reduced, the exchange efficiency of fulvic acid on sodium ions is improved, the water retention performance of sepiolite powder and attapulgite on the soil is improved, and the drought resistance of crops is improved;
4. the wormcast, the traditional Chinese medicine dregs and the sodium lignosulphonate are used in a matching manner, the treatment effect on the salinity and alkalinity of the soil is more obvious, and the absorption of plants on nutrient substances can be promoted;
5. the diatomite and the bamboo fiber are both porous structures, and can play a role in preserving moisture, loosening soil quality and prolonging fertilizer efficiency time in soil; the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the bamboo fiber can improve the disease resistance of plants, promote the absorption of the plants on nutrients and improve the emergence rate of the plants;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below.
Preparation example 1 of soil conditioner: stirring 10kg of furfural residues, 4kg of grass peat, 20kg of wormcast, 10kg of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 5kg of sodium alginate, 8kg of fulvic acid and 60kg of water uniformly, placing the mixture into a reaction tank for standing, turning the mixture for 2 times every day when the temperature reaches 60 ℃, continuing for 4 days, adding 0.05kg of bacillus subtilis into the mixture, and stirring uniformly. Wherein the traditional Chinese medicine residue is the residue of water extraction of Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix.
Preparation example 2 of soil conditioner: uniformly stirring 12.5kg of furfural residues, 5kg of grass peat, 22.5kg of wormcast, 11kg of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 6kg of sodium alginate, 9kg of fulvic acid and 65kg of water, placing the mixture into a reaction tank for standing, turning the mixture for 2 times every day when the temperature reaches 62.5 ℃, continuing for 4.5 days, then adding 0.06kg of bacillus subtilis into the mixture, and uniformly stirring the mixture. Wherein the traditional Chinese medicine residue is the residue of water extraction of Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix.
Preparation example 3 of soil conditioner: stirring 15kg of furfural residues, 6kg of grass peat, 25kg of wormcast, 12kg of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 7kg of sodium alginate, 10kg of fulvic acid and 70kg of water uniformly, placing the mixture into a reaction tank for standing, turning over the mixture for 3 times every day for 5 days when the temperature reaches 65 ℃, then adding 0.07kg of bacillus subtilis into the mixture, and stirring uniformly. Wherein the traditional Chinese medicine residue is the residue of water extraction of Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix.
Preparation example 1 of soil conditioner: uniformly mixing 45kg of phosphogypsum, 6kg of calcium superphosphate, 0.2kg of polyacrylamide, 1kg of potassium monododecyl phosphate, 2kg of monopotassium phosphate, 4kg of sepiolite powder, 3kg of diatomite, 2kg of attapulgite, 2kg of bamboo fiber and 0.5kg of sodium lignosulfonate to obtain a premix, then adding 80kg of water into the premix, and uniformly mixing to obtain the soil conditioner.
Preparation example 2 of soil conditioner: 47.5kg of phosphogypsum, 8kg of calcium superphosphate, 0.3kg of polyacrylamide, 1.25kg of potassium monododecyl phosphate, 3kg of monopotassium phosphate, 5kg of sepiolite powder, 4kg of diatomite, 2.5kg of attapulgite, 3kg of bamboo fiber and 0.75kg of sodium lignosulfonate are uniformly mixed to obtain a premix, 85kg of water is added into the premix, and the soil conditioner is obtained after uniform mixing.
Preparation example 3 of soil conditioner: uniformly mixing 50kg of phosphogypsum, 10kg of calcium superphosphate, 0.4kg of polyacrylamide, 1.5kg of potassium monododecyl phosphate, 4kg of monopotassium phosphate, 6kg of sepiolite powder, 5kg of diatomite, 3kg of attapulgite, 4kg of bamboo fiber and 1kg of sodium lignosulfonate to obtain a premix, then adding 90kg of water into the premix, and uniformly mixing to obtain the soil conditioner.
Examples 1 to 3
Example 1: a method for treating saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing a soil conditioner and a soil conditioner, uniformly scattering the soil conditioner and the soil conditioner on the surface of a saline-alkali land, continuously stirring at the speed of 500r/min for 10min at the temperature of 60 ℃, standing for 3 days, wherein the addition amount of the soil conditioner is 100 kg/mu, and the addition amount of the soil conditioner is 200 kg/mu; wherein the soil conditioner is selected from preparation example 1 of the soil conditioner, and the soil conditioner is selected from preparation example 1 of the soil conditioner;
(2) turning over the saline-alkali soil treated in the step (1), and standing for 1 day;
(3) digging a salt discharge ditch in soil, laying filter cloth in the salt discharge ditch, laying a layer of 8 cm-thick broken stone on the filter cloth, laying a salt discharge pipe on the broken stone layer, laying a layer of 8 cm-thick broken stone on the salt discharge pipe, wrapping the broken stone and the salt discharge pipe by using the filter cloth, laying a soil layer on the salt discharge ditch, burying the salt discharge ditch, and leveling the ground surface; and then, irrigating water and discharging salt to the soil, wherein the irrigation amount is 20 cubic meters per mu per day for 1 day, so as to discharge the salt in the soil.
Example 2: a method for treating saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing a soil conditioner and a soil conditioner, uniformly spreading the mixture on the surface of a saline-alkali land, continuously stirring the mixture at the speed of 525r/min for 12.5min at the temperature of 65 ℃, standing the mixture for 4 days, wherein the addition amount of the soil conditioner is 125 kg/mu, and the addition amount of the soil conditioner is 220 kg/mu; wherein the soil conditioner is selected from preparation example 2 of the soil conditioner, and the soil conditioner is selected from preparation example 2 of the soil conditioner;
(2) turning over the saline-alkali soil treated in the step (1), and standing for 1.5 days;
(3) digging a salt discharge ditch in soil, laying filter cloth in the salt discharge ditch, laying a layer of broken stone with the thickness of 9cm on the filter cloth, laying a salt discharge pipe on the broken stone layer, laying a layer of broken stone with the thickness of 9cm on the salt discharge pipe, wrapping the broken stone and the salt discharge pipe by using the filter cloth, laying a soil layer on the salt discharge ditch, burying the salt discharge ditch, and leveling the ground surface; and then, irrigating water and discharging salt to the soil, wherein the irrigation amount is 25 cubic meters per mu per day and lasts for 1.5 days, so as to discharge the salt in the soil.
Example 3: a method for treating saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing a soil conditioner and a soil conditioner, uniformly spreading the mixture on the surface of a saline-alkali land, continuously stirring the mixture at the speed of 550r/min for 15min at the temperature of 70 ℃, and standing the mixture for 5 days, wherein the addition amount of the soil conditioner is 150 kg/mu, and the addition amount of the soil conditioner is 240 kg/mu; wherein the soil conditioner is selected from preparation example 3 of the soil conditioner, and the soil conditioner is selected from preparation example 3 of the soil conditioner;
(2) turning over the saline-alkali soil treated in the step (1), and standing for 2 days;
(3) digging a salt discharge ditch in soil, laying filter cloth in the salt discharge ditch, laying a layer of 10 cm-thick broken stone on the filter cloth, laying a salt discharge pipe on the broken stone layer, laying a layer of 10 cm-thick broken stone on the salt discharge pipe, wrapping the broken stone and the salt discharge pipe by using the filter cloth, laying a soil layer on the salt discharge ditch, burying the salt discharge ditch, and leveling the ground surface; and then, irrigating water and discharging salt to the soil, wherein the irrigation amount is 30 cubic meters per mu every day and lasts for 2 days, so that the salt in the soil is discharged.
Second, comparative examples 1 to 7
Comparative example 1: the difference between the comparative example 1 and the example 1 is that the soil conditioner is not added with traditional Chinese medicine dregs.
Comparative example 2: comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that sodium alginate was not added to the soil conditioner.
Comparative example 3: the difference between the comparative example 3 and the example 1 is that the soil conditioner is not added with wormcast, traditional Chinese medicine dregs and sodium lignosulphonate.
Comparative example 4: comparative example 4 is different from example 1 in that potassium monododecyl phosphate, sodium lignin sulfonate and sodium alginate are not added to the soil conditioner.
Comparative example 5: comparative example 5 is different from example 1 in that diatomaceous earth and bamboo fiber are not added to the soil conditioner.
Comparative example 6: comparative example 6 is different from example 1 in that monopotassium phosphate and bamboo fiber are not added to the soil conditioner.
Comparative example 7: comparative example 7 is different from example 1 in that polyacrylamide, sepiolite powder, and attapulgite were not added to the soil conditioner.
Third, data analysis
1. Dividing a test field of ten acres into ten parts, wherein the numbers are No. 1 land, No. 2 land, No. 3 land, No. 4 land, No. 5 land, No. 6 land, No. 7 land, No. 8 land, No. 9 land and No. 10 land, the No. 1 land is treated by the method of the embodiment 1, the No. 2 land is treated by the method of the embodiment 2, the No. 3 land is treated by the method of the embodiment 3, the No. 4 land is treated by the method of the comparison example 1, the No. 5 land is treated by the method of the comparison example 2, the No. 6 land is treated by the method of the comparison example 3, the No. 7 land is treated by the method of the comparison example 4, the No. 8 land is treated by the method of the comparison example 5, the No. 9 land is treated by the method of the comparison example 6, and; ten plots were treated simultaneously, soil before treatment and soil after treatment were sampled, and the EC values of the salt concentrations (EC values were used to measure the concentration of soluble salts in the solution) and the pH values in soil at 20cm depth, 60cm depth and 80cm depth were measured at 0 day, 5 day, 15 day, 25 day and 30 day of treatment, respectively, and the measurement results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 saline-alkali soil harnessing method of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-7, the EC value of the salinity concentration in the soil
From the data, the EC value of the saline-alkali soil treated by the method disclosed by the invention (examples 1-3) can reach about 2.0mS/cm in the 30 th day, which shows that the content of soluble salts in the soil can be effectively reduced by the saline-alkali soil treated by the method disclosed by the invention; the EC value content of No. 4 land after treatment is gradually reduced, but the EC value is still more than 2.2mS/cm at the 30 th day of treatment, which indicates that the addition of traditional Chinese medicine dregs can reduce the soluble salt content of soil; the EC value content of the treated area No. 5 is gradually reduced, the EC value is about 2.0mS/cm in the 30 th day of treatment, but the EC value change is smaller in the 5 th day and the 10 th day of treatment, which indicates that the sodium alginate can improve the reduction rate of the EC value and the treatment efficiency of the saline-alkali soil; the EC value content after No. 6 treatment is gradually reduced, but the EC value is still more than 2.2mS/cm at the 30 th day of treatment, which shows that the EC value reduction effect is more obvious due to the addition of wormcast, traditional Chinese medicine dregs and sodium lignosulfonate; the EC value content after No. 7 treatment is gradually reduced, but the EC value is more than 2.3mS/cm at the 30 th day of treatment, which shows that the addition of potassium monododecyl phosphate, sodium lignosulfonate and sodium alginate can make the reduction effect of the EC value more obvious; the EC value content after the No. 8 land treatment is gradually reduced, but the EC value on the 25 th day and the 30 th day of the treatment is not changed greatly, and is still more than 2.4mS/cm on the 30 th day, which shows that the EC value of the soil can be reduced by the diatomite and the bamboo fiber, and the long-term treatment effect on the soil is beneficial; the EC value content after No. 9 treatment is gradually reduced, and the EC value is more than 2.2mS/cm at the 30 th day of treatment, which shows that the EC values of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and bamboo fiber can also be reduced; the EC value content after the No. 10 land treatment is gradually reduced, but the EC value at the 30 th day of treatment is more than 2.2mS/cm, and the EC values of polyacrylamide, sepiolite powder and attapulgite can be reduced, so that the salinization degree of soil is improved.
TABLE 2 pH of the soil after saline and alkaline land remediation by the methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-7
From the above data, the pH value of the saline-alkali soil treated by the method of the present invention (examples 1-3) can reach below 7.6 in day 30, which shows that the saline-alkali soil treated by the method of the present invention can effectively reduce the alkali content in the soil, and the original moderate saline-alkali soil becomes weakly alkaline soil; the pH value of No. 4 land, No. 5 land, No. 6 land, No. 7 land, No. 8 land, No. 9 land and No. 10 land after treatment can reach below 8.0 when the pH value is gradually reduced by 30 days, which indicates that the pH value of the treated saline-alkali soil can be improved; the pH value of No. 5 land is slowly reduced on the 5 th day and the 10 th day of treatment, but the pH value of the No. 5 land can still reach below 7.7 on the 30 th day, which shows that the addition of sodium alginate can improve the reduction rate of the pH value of soil and improve the treatment efficiency.
2. Oleaster, alfalfa, cotton, beet, osmanthus fragrans and camellia are planted on the treated No. 1-10 land respectively, the emergence rates of the plants are counted, and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 emergence rates of different plants in saline and alkaline land
The oleaster is deciduous arbor, has strong vitality, has the characteristics of drought resistance, sand resistance, saline and alkaline resistance, barren resistance and the like, and has lower requirement on the environment. The oleaster seedlings are planted in the No. 1 land to the No. 10 land, and the emergence rate of the oleaster seedlings can reach more than 95%.
Alfalfa is a plant with wide adaptability and has low requirement on soil, but alfalfa is not suitable for being planted in strong acid and strong alkali soil, neutral or slightly alkaline soil is favored, and the environment suitable for growth is pH 7-8. In the No. 1 land to the No. 3 land, the emergence rate of the alfalfa can still reach more than 96 percent, which indicates that the land after being treated is more suitable for the growth of the alfalfa; the emergence rates of the alfalfa in the No. 5 land, the No. 6 land, the No. 7 land, the No. 8 land and the No. 10 land are 90-95%, which shows that the maximum emergence rate of the alfalfa can be realized by the synergistic effect of the raw materials; the emergence rates of the alfalfa in the No. 4 land and the No. 9 land are both lower than 90%, which indicates that the traditional Chinese medicine dregs, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the bamboo fiber are all beneficial to improving the emergence rate of the alfalfa.
Moisture and nutrients are needed for the growth and development of cotton, and the moisture, nutrients and saline-alkali content of soil have great influence on the growth of cotton. In the No. 1 land and the No. 3 land, the emergence rate of cotton can reach more than 95 percent, which indicates that the treated land is more suitable for the growth of cotton; the emergence rates of the cotton in No. 5 land and No. 10 land are all below 90 percent, which shows that the maximum emergence rate of the cotton can be realized by the synergistic effect of all the raw materials of the invention.
The beet can grow well in fertile and loose soil, and has good effect when applied with chemical fertilizer and manure. In the No. 1 land to the No. 3 land, the emergence rate of the beet can reach more than 95 percent, which indicates that the treated land is suitable for the growth of the beet; the emergence rates of the beets in the No. 4 land, the No. 6 land and the No. 9 land are all below 90 percent, which shows that the traditional Chinese medicine dregs, the wormcast and the sodium lignosulphonate can improve the fertility of soil and organic matters in the soil, and are beneficial to the growth of the beets; the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the bamboo fibers have the bactericidal effect, so that the disease resistance of the plants can be improved, the absorption of the plants to nutrients is promoted, and the emergence rate of the plants can be improved.
The sweet osmanthus has strong stress resistance and low requirement on soil, but the slightly acidic sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good drainage is most suitable. In the No. 1 land to the No. 3 land, the emergence rate of the osmanthus fragrans is 87 to 88 percent, which indicates that the treated land is suitable for alkaline soil and is not suitable for the growth of the osmanthus fragrans, but the fertility of the soil can improve the emergence rate of the osmanthus fragrans; while the emergence rate of the osmanthus fragrans in the No. 4 land and the No. 10 land is 80-85%, which shows that the lack of nutrient substances can reduce the growth of the osmanthus fragrans.
The camellia grows well in the environment with deep soil layer, loose soil layer and good drainage, particularly the pH value is most suitable for 5-6, and alkaline soil is not suitable for the growth of camellia. In the No. 1 land to the No. 3 land, the emergence rate of the camellia is 72 to 73 percent, which indicates that the land after treatment is still alkaline soil and is not suitable for the growth of the camellia, but the soil fertility can improve the emergence rate of the camellia; the emergence rate of the camellia in the No. 4 land to the No. 10 land is 60 to 70 percent, which shows that the lack of nutrient substances can reduce the growth of the camellia.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for treating saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing a soil conditioner and a soil conditioner, uniformly spreading the mixture on the surface of a saline-alkali land, and standing for 3-5 days, wherein the addition amount of the soil conditioner is 100-240 kg/mu;
(2) after the saline-alkali soil treated in the step (1) is turned, leveling the ground surface, and standing for 1-2 days;
(3) then, irrigating water and discharging salt to the soil, wherein the irrigation amount is 20-30 cubic meters per mu per day and lasts for 1-2 days, so as to discharge salt in the soil;
the soil conditioner comprises, by weight, 10-15 parts of furfural residues, 4-6 parts of grass peat, 20-25 parts of animal wastes, 10-12 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 5-7 parts of sodium alginate, 8-10 parts of fulvic acid, 0.05-0.07 part of a biological agent and 60-70 parts of water; the animal waste is wormcast;
the soil conditioner comprises 45-50 parts of phosphogypsum, 6-10 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.2-0.4 part of polyacrylamide, 1-1.5 parts of potassium monododecyl phosphate, 2-4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 4-6 parts of sepiolite powder, 3-5 parts of kieselguhr, 2-3 parts of attapulgite, 2-4 parts of bamboo fiber, 0.5-1 part of sodium lignosulfonate and 80-90 parts of water.
2. The method for treating saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: after the soil conditioner and the soil conditioner are uniformly mixed in the step (1), the mixture needs to be placed at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ to be continuously stirred for 10-15min, and then the mixture is scattered on the surface of the saline-alkali land.
3. The method for treating saline-alkali soil according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the stirring speed is 500-550 r/min.
4. The method for treating saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the method for discharging salt in the step (3) comprises the following steps: digging a salt discharge ditch in soil, laying filter cloth in the salt discharge ditch, laying a layer of broken stone on the filter cloth, laying a salt discharge pipe on the broken stone layer, laying a layer of broken stone on the salt discharge pipe, wrapping the broken stone and the salt discharge pipe by using the filter cloth, laying a passenger soil layer on the salt discharge ditch, burying the salt discharge ditch, and leveling the ground surface.
5. The method for treating saline-alkali soil according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the paving thickness of the broken stones is 8-10 cm.
6. The method for treating saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of uniformly stirring 10-15 parts by weight of furfural residues, 4-6 parts by weight of grass peat, 20-25 parts by weight of animal wastes, 10-12 parts by weight of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 5-7 parts by weight of sodium alginate and 60-70 parts by weight of water, placing the mixture into a reaction tank for standing, turning over the mixture for 2-3 times every day for 4-5 days when the temperature of the mixture reaches 60-65 ℃, then adding 0.05-0.07 part of biological bacteria agent into the mixture, and uniformly stirring the mixture.
7. The method for treating saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: according to parts by weight, 45-50 parts of phosphogypsum, 6-10 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.2-0.4 part of polyacrylamide, 1-1.5 parts of potassium monododecyl phosphate, 2-4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 4-6 parts of sepiolite powder, 3-5 parts of kieselguhr, 2-3 parts of attapulgite, 2-4 parts of bamboo fiber and 0.5-1 part of sodium lignosulfonate are uniformly mixed to obtain a premix, then 80-90 parts of water is added into the premix, and the soil conditioner is obtained after uniform mixing.
8. The method for treating saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the biological agent is bacillus subtilis.
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| CN109759441B (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2021-06-25 | 青岛农业大学 | Saline-alkali soil remediation method |
| CN111732470A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2020-10-02 | 中林佳诚(天津)生物科技有限公司 | Method for recycling garden waste |
| CN109997443A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-07-12 | 农安县春江堰家庭农场 | A kind of saline-alkali soil improvement method |
| CN110558185A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2019-12-13 | 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 | Method for planting sweet potatoes in saline-alkali soil of Xinjiang |
| CN110720356A (en) * | 2019-11-16 | 2020-01-24 | 泉州市信实科技有限公司 | Natural lawn seed laying method |
| CN111085537B (en) * | 2019-12-07 | 2021-07-09 | 重庆市固体废物管理服务中心有限公司 | Method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil by using organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus materials |
| CN111285742A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-06-16 | 黄河三角洲京博化工研究院有限公司 | Special biofertilizer for moderate and severe saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN111630970B (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2022-08-12 | 中节能大地环境修复有限公司 | Restoration process for salinized soil and application thereof |
| CN112314097A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-02-05 | 衡阳市顶点环保设备有限公司 | Saline-alkali soil treatment system and treatment method thereof |
| CN114731917B (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2023-03-28 | 塔里木大学 | Method for planting cyperus esculentus in saline-alkali soil in micro-furrow manner |
| CN115707678A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-02-21 | 郑州农拉拉肥业有限公司 | Soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil |
| CN116586419A (en) * | 2023-06-14 | 2023-08-15 | 甘肃昊洲土壤修复科技有限责任公司 | Method for repairing heavy metal pollution of mineral fertilizer to saline-alkali soil |
| CN117837330A (en) * | 2024-03-07 | 2024-04-09 | 天津大学四川创新研究院 | Method suitable for changing desert soil aggregate structure |
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| CN101168165B (en) * | 2007-11-22 | 2010-06-02 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Improvement method for saline-alkaline spot soil in farmland |
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